The document discusses various technology and media-based applications that can be used for educational purposes, including databases, graphic applications, media presentations, and internet technologies. It provides descriptions and examples of different types of databases (flat, hierarchical, network, and relational models), graphic applications like paint programs and illustration software, various media formats, and commonly used internet technologies in education such as video/podcasting, presentation tools, and social networking sites. It also outlines advantages and disadvantages of these applications.

1. TECHNOLOGY/
MEDIA BASED
APPLICATION
Database
Graphic Applications
Media Presentations
Internet Technologies
Prepared by:
Ida Lyn A. Azuelo
BSED- Physics 2

2. Database
A collection of information organized in such
a way that a computer program can
quickly select desired pieces of data.
A database can be thought of as a set of
logically related files organized to facilitate
access by one or more applications programs
and to minimize data redundancy.

3. General Objectives
The elimination of data redundancy is only one
of many reasons for establishing a database.
Others include:
 Integrate existing data files
 Share data among all users
 Incorporate changes easily and quickly
 Simplify the use of data files

4. General Objectives
 Lower the cost of storing and retrieving data
 Improve accuracy and consistency
 Provide data security from unauthorized use
 Exercise central control over standards

5. Types of Databases
1. Flat Model
A simple database system in which each
database is represented as a single table in
which all of the records are stored as single
rows of data, which are separated by
delimiters such as tabs or commas. The table
is usually stored and physically represented
as a simple text file.

6. Flat Model Database

7. Types of Databases
2. Hierarchical Model
A design that uses a one-to-many
relationship for data elements. Hierarchical
database models use a tree structure that
links a number of disparate elements to one
"owner," or "parent," primary record.

8. Hierarchical Model Database

9. Types of Databases
3. Network Model
A database model that allows multiple
records to be linked to the same owner file.
The model can be seen as an upside down
tree where the branches are the member
information linked to the owner, which is the
bottom of the tree. The multiple linkages
which this information allows the network
database model to be very flexible.

10. Network Model Database

11. Types of Databases
4. Relational Model
A collective set of multiple data sets
organized by tables, records and columns.
RDBs establish a well-defined relationship
between database tables. Tables
communicate and share information,
which facilitates data search ability,
organization and reporting.

12. Relational Model Database

13. Advantages
 Reduced data redundancy
 Reduced updating errors and increased consistency
 Greater data integrity and independence from
applications programs
 Improved data access to users through use of host
and query languages
 Improved data security
 Reduced data entry, storage, and retrieval costs
 Facilitated development of new applications
program

14. Disadvantages
¤ Database systems are complex, difficult, and time-
consuming to design
¤ Substantial hardware and software start-up costs
¤ Damage to database affects virtually all
applications programs
¤ Extensive conversion costs in moving form a file-
based system to a database system
¤ Initial training required for all programmers and
users

15. A program for the generation of
images, ranging in complexity from
simple line drawings to realistically
shaded pictures that resemble
photographs.
Graphic Applications

16. Purposes
• To show and compare changes
• To show and compare relationships
• To bring facts to life

17. Graphics
-refers to any computer device or
program that makes a computer
capable of displaying and manipulating
pictures. The term also refers to the
images themselves.

18. Advantages
Quick way for the audience to visualize what
you are saying -- numbers, trends, up or
down
Forceful -- emphasizes main point
Convincing -- proves a point, see and hear
Compact way to convey information
More interesting than just talk or print
(Remember to use as many of the five senses
as possible)

19. Disadvantages
¤ Time consuming to make -- decisions must be
made in advance for layout, color, materials,
etc.
¤ Technical in nature -- audience knowledge to
interpret, or understand
¤ Costly -- depending on the medium used
(poster board, transfer letters, etc.)

20. The following are graphics applications:
• Paint programs : Allow you to create rough
freehand drawings. The images are stored as bit
maps and can easily be edited.
• Illustration/design programs: Supports more
advanced features than paint programs,
particularly for drawing curved lines. The images
are usually stored in vector-based formats.
Illustration/design programs are often called draw
programs.

21. • Presentation graphics software : Lets you
create bar charts, pie charts, graphics, and other types of
images for slide shows and reports. The charts can be
based on data imported from spreadsheet applications.
• Animation software: Enables you to chain and
sequence a series of images to simulate movement. Each
image is like a frame in a movie.
• CAD software: Enables architects and engineers to
draft designs.
• Desktop publishing : Provides a full set of word-
processing features as well as fine control over
placement of text and graphics, so that you can create
newsletters, advertisements, books, and other types of
documents.

22. The form and technology used to
communicate information.
Multimedia presentations, for
example, combine sound, pictures,
and videos, all of which are different
types of media.
Media Presentations

23. Using Media in a Presentation
• Media skills are beneficial for presentations.
Some people have a tendency to overuse
PowerPoint presentations.
• Whatever media a presenter/educator
chooses to use, it should be there to help the
presenter. Media are merely visuals that back
what the presenter is saying.

24. Media are any devices that
assist an instructor to transmit
to a learner the facts, skills,
attitudes and knowledge or
additional materials used
when using a particular
teaching method to make
learning easy, as it intend to
help both the teacher to
teach more reflectively and
the learner to grasp the
concepts more effectively.

25. Choice of media and format
depends on:
1. Your audience(s)
2. Your budget
3. The communication channels best for your specific
audience(s) and
4. How long the communication intervention will
continue
5. And how critical it is to encourage genuine
participation for social change communication.

26. Types of Media
• Printed media – includes text
books, magazines, newspapers,
journal, bulletins, web pages,
blogs etc.
– It helps learners to get more
information through reading
widely, research and
providing more enjoyment
from various sources of facts.

27. Types of Media
• Visual media – composes of
photographs, graphics, pictures,
maps, models, game puzzle,
artifacts, wall charts etc.
– This makes visual impression
to the learner. It attracts
pupil’s attention and aid
concentration as they
illustrate meaning more
directly and quickly that
through verbal explanation.

28. Types of Media
• Audio media – refers to
analog tape cassettes and
digital CDs, as well as to
computer files containing audio
in any number of digital
formats.
– This is good for the less literate
(or aural learners/auditory
learners). It helps stimulating
the listener’s imagination and
evoking emotional responses.

29. Types of Media
• Audio-Visual media –
includes videos and films.
– The sounds produced make
the understanding of the
facial impressions, gestures,
physical background shown
easier and learning becomes
closer to real life situations.

30. Advantages
Increases learning effectiveness.
Is more appealing over traditional, lecture-
based learning methods.
Tailors information to the individual.
Provides high-quality video images & audio.
Frees the teacher from routine tasks.

31. Disadvantages
¤ Expensive
¤ Not always easy to configure
¤ Requires special hardware
¤ Not always compatible

32. Internet Technologies
Internet
• A global computer network providing a
variety of information and
communication facilities, consisting of
interconnected networks using
standardized communication protocols.
(The Oxford Dictionary)

33. Commonly Used Internet
Technologies in Education:
1. Video and
Podcasting - one of
the most widely
adopted internet
technologies for use in
instructional settings is
video streaming.

34. 2. Presentation Tools - this category is vast and
rich. These tools can be used to support
classroom teaching or distance learning, or for
student reports and presentations.

35. 3. Collaboration & Brainstorming Tools -
including thought-organizing tools
like mindmap and bubbl.us, and collaborative
tools like web based interactive
whiteboards and Google Documents.

36. 4. Blogs & Blogging – educators should be
aware of sites like Blogger and WordPress,
where users can quickly and easily create their
own blogs for free.

37. 5. Wikis – allow users to create free wiki web
sites and are a great way to get started
with using wikis for educational applications.

38. 6. Social Networking – All educators should
have a basic understanding of sites
like Facebook and MySpace and how they
are used. Educators should also be aware of
the professional social networking site
LinkedIn.

39. 7. IM (Instant
Messaging) – A large
percentage of students
use IM regularly,
via Aim, IM aggregator
site Meebo (Meebo
allows users to combine
messaging from Aim,
Yahoo, MySpace,
Facebook, and other
sites), or other tools.

40. 8. Virtual Worlds – This technology has
received a lot of press, with SecondLife being
the clear leader thus far in this application
area.

41. Advantages
Faster Communication
Abundant Information Resources
Inexhaustible Education
Entertainment for Everyone
Social Networking and Staying Connected
Online Services and E-commerce

42. Disadvantages
¤ Theft of Personal Information
¤ Spamming
¤ Malware Threats
¤ Age-inappropriate Content
¤ Social Isolation, Obesity, and Depression