This Slide includes: 1. Data and Database contexts 2. Concept of Data 3. Database Structures 3.1. Hierarchical Model 3.2. Network Model 3.3. Network Model 4. Database Development 5. Types of Database 5.1. Operational Database 5.2. Distributed Database 5.3. Hypermedia Database 5.4. Multimedia Database 5.5. Client Server Database 5.6. Object Oriented database 6. Data Warehouse 7. Data Mining - Uttar Tamang

1. UTTAR TAMANG
Data
And
Database
contexts

2. Concept of Data
 Derived from plural form of Latin word ‘Datum’
 Raw data or source
 Exists in variety of Forms:
- Numbers
- Texts
- Facts stored in person’s mind
Examples: Statistics, image, characters, etc.

3. Database Structures
 Hierarchical Model:
 establish logical relationships among data
 Suited for one to many relationship

4.  Merits:
1.Conceptual Simplicity
2. Data independence
3. Database integrity
4. Deal with large database
 Demerits:
1. Difficult to manage
2. Lacks flexibility
3. Implementation limitations
4. Lacks structural independence

5.  Network Model:
 Kind of complex database model
 it is shown like networking
 Suited for many to many relationship

6.  Merits:
1. Flexibility
2. Easy to understand
3. Applied for real life situation
 Demerits:
1. Complex to develop
2. Programming efforts
3. Costly & time consuming

7.  Relational model:
 Represented using rows and columns
 Popular way of organizing data
 Consists 3 fundamental operations:
Select, project and join
 Merits:
1. Enable to accommodate variety of files
2. Flexibility
 Demerits:
1. Difficult to manage
2. High cost

8. Database Development
Planning
Analysis
Design Physical
Design
Logical
Design
Implementation

9. Types of Database
1. Operational Database:
 consists day to day transactions
 i.e. based on finance, account, marketing sectors,
etc.
2. Distributed Database:
 distributed over single or multi vendor computer
hardware
 Access use in different geographical areas

10. 3. Hypermedia Database:
 Directly related with HTML
 Related to websites
 E.g. text, graphics, videos and audios
4. Multimedia Database:
 Handles complex database applications such as
audio, videos, pictures, etc.

11. 5. Client Server Database:
 computer or process on network is either client or
server
 initiate process in many windows among many
servers
6. Object Oriented database:
 Incorporates important object oriented concepts
 Powerful programming paradigm
 Suited for large software

12. Data Warehouse
 Coined by William H. Inmonna
 Store of data from a variety source
 Available to end users
 Helpful in business decision process

14. Data Mining
 Process of analyzing data from various perspectives
 Increase revenue, cuts cost or both
 Presentation of data using analytical tools

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