The document discusses different types of assessment and the benefits of formative assessment. It defines summative assessment as assessing learning through tests like standardized exams, while formative assessment refers to ongoing processes where teachers adjust instruction based on student evidence or students adjust learning tactics. Research shows that when teachers practice good formative assessment and students participate, both achievement and motivation increase, with achievement gains equivalent to moving students from the 50th to the 65th or 75th percentile. The document also provides examples of tools teachers can use for formative assessment and getting student input.