Student responders allow teachers to collect formative and summative assessment data in real-time through multiple choice, true/false, and other response types. The data provided through student responders gives teachers insights into student understanding and areas needing reteaching. When paired with learning goals, effective feedback from student responders is the second most important school-level factor for student achievement after curriculum. Student responders enable just-in-time adjustments to instruction based on actual student responses rather than assumptions about comprehension.