The document is a user manual for the TE10A thyristor power controller. It can control loads of up to 20kW using burst-firing, single-cycle, or advanced single-cycle firing modes. The manual provides specifications for the controller including its current ratings, voltage range, firing indicators, control inputs, safety guidelines, and installation instructions.
400 Hornet Hot Cathode Bayard-Alpert Miniature-Ionization Vacuum GaugeInstruTech, Inc.
The vacuum gauges and measurement technologies available from InstruTech are convection enhanced Pirani, hot cathode Bayard-Alpert and cold cathode double inverted magnetron ionization gauges.
Catalog: FR-D700 Instruction manual (Basic)
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This document is a user manual for the PS 6379 six channel loudspeaker master station. It provides a general description of the device, noting its ability to function as a six channel intercom master unit with auxiliary inputs, program input, headset connection, microphone, and speaker. Key features mentioned include volume controls, call buttons, dimmable speaker, private headset mode, and electronically balanced microphone output.
This document provides instructions for installing and operating Mitsubishi FR-E700 series inverters. It begins with product checking and identification of parts. Section 2 provides details on installation and wiring, including peripheral devices, removing covers, proper mounting, terminal connections and wiring diagrams. Section 3 covers driving the motor, including operation panel functions, monitoring output, starting and stopping in PU and external operation modes, and parameter lists. Section 4 is troubleshooting, with lists of faults, causes and remedies. Section 5 covers maintenance and inspections. Section 6 provides product specifications and outlines.
Cdvr service manual renr7941-00 _ sis - caterpillarOtorongosabroso
The document provides specifications for the Caterpillar Digital Voltage Regulator (CDVR). It lists detailed technical specifications such as voltage regulation of 0.25% from no load to full load, temperature drift of less than ±1%, configurable volts/Hz characteristic, response time of 10 milliseconds, and operating temperature range of -40°C to +70°C. It also provides information on the regulator's connectors, control modes, protection functions, and startup and loading profiles.
Catalog: Inverter FR-E700 Instruction Manual (Applied) Mitsubishi
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Tracer1210rn Tracer1215rn manual from Ultisolar New Energy
Available at http://shop.ultisolar.com
About Ultisolar: Ultisolar is focus on MPPT Controller, PWM Controller, SWH Controller, SWH Station, Hall Flow Sensor
Torque controller designed for any air driven continuous & discontinuous torque tools.
An Innovative Revolution of Impact Wrench Torque Control
No more precision and costly torque-controlled tools required, regardless of air tool brand, manufacturer, design, and grade.
400 Hornet Hot Cathode Bayard-Alpert Miniature-Ionization Vacuum GaugeInstruTech, Inc.
The vacuum gauges and measurement technologies available from InstruTech are convection enhanced Pirani, hot cathode Bayard-Alpert and cold cathode double inverted magnetron ionization gauges.
Catalog: FR-D700 Instruction manual (Basic)
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This document is a user manual for the PS 6379 six channel loudspeaker master station. It provides a general description of the device, noting its ability to function as a six channel intercom master unit with auxiliary inputs, program input, headset connection, microphone, and speaker. Key features mentioned include volume controls, call buttons, dimmable speaker, private headset mode, and electronically balanced microphone output.
This document provides instructions for installing and operating Mitsubishi FR-E700 series inverters. It begins with product checking and identification of parts. Section 2 provides details on installation and wiring, including peripheral devices, removing covers, proper mounting, terminal connections and wiring diagrams. Section 3 covers driving the motor, including operation panel functions, monitoring output, starting and stopping in PU and external operation modes, and parameter lists. Section 4 is troubleshooting, with lists of faults, causes and remedies. Section 5 covers maintenance and inspections. Section 6 provides product specifications and outlines.
Cdvr service manual renr7941-00 _ sis - caterpillarOtorongosabroso
The document provides specifications for the Caterpillar Digital Voltage Regulator (CDVR). It lists detailed technical specifications such as voltage regulation of 0.25% from no load to full load, temperature drift of less than ±1%, configurable volts/Hz characteristic, response time of 10 milliseconds, and operating temperature range of -40°C to +70°C. It also provides information on the regulator's connectors, control modes, protection functions, and startup and loading profiles.
Catalog: Inverter FR-E700 Instruction Manual (Applied) Mitsubishi
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Tracer1210rn Tracer1215rn manual from Ultisolar New Energy
Available at http://shop.ultisolar.com
About Ultisolar: Ultisolar is focus on MPPT Controller, PWM Controller, SWH Controller, SWH Station, Hall Flow Sensor
Torque controller designed for any air driven continuous & discontinuous torque tools.
An Innovative Revolution of Impact Wrench Torque Control
No more precision and costly torque-controlled tools required, regardless of air tool brand, manufacturer, design, and grade.
This document provides operating instructions for the MICROMASTER 410 inverter. It contains the following sections:
1. A getting started guide for quick commissioning.
2. Operating instructions that cover features, installation, commissioning, control modes, parameters, troubleshooting, specifications, and options.
3. A parameter list with a description of all parameters structured in functional order.
4. Catalogues with information for selecting an appropriate inverter, filters, chokes, operator panels and communication options.
Safety warnings are provided throughout advising that only qualified personnel should work on the equipment and hazardous voltages are present, even when inoperative. Precautions are outlined for transport, storage, commissioning
This document provides safety instructions for using the CPC 100 test system and its accessories. It states that only authorized and qualified personnel should use CPC 100 after carefully reading the manuals. Proper grounding and safe operation procedures must be followed, and life-threatening voltages and currents can be present, so extreme caution is necessary when connecting cables or test objects. The emergency stop button should be used as needed for safety.
In This PPT we are discussed about complete details of that product (Use,Operation, Technical details, Dimensions, Wiring, and etc..)
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Single Phase Sinusoid Inverter ASIC. EG8010 is a digital pure sine wave inverter ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) with
complete function of built-in dead time control. It applies to DC-DC-AC two stage power converter
system or DC-AC single stage low power frequency transformer system for boosting. EG8010 can
achieve 50/60Hz pure sine wave with high accuracy, low harmonic and distortion by external
12MHz crystal oscillator. EG8010 is a CMOS IC that integrates SPWM sinusoid generator, dead
time control circuit, range divider,soft start circuit, circuit protection, RS232 serial communication,
12832 serial LCD unit, and etc.
Catalog: Inverter FR-E700 Mitsubishi
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This document provides a quick start guide for the OMRON J1000 compact general purpose inverter. It includes sections on safety instructions, mechanical installation, electrical installation, keypad operation, start up, parameter settings, and troubleshooting. The guide specifies the drive can be used for 200V class, three-phase input models from 0.1 to 4 kW, 200V class single-phase input from 0.1 to 1.5 kW, and 400V class three-phase input from 0.2 to 4 kW. It also provides mounting dimensions and environmental operating conditions.
Manual de serviço tv led samsung ua32 f5500 chassis u85aPortal Eletrônica
This service manual provides information for troubleshooting and repairing LED TV models UA32F4500A, UA32F5300A, UA32F5500A, and other similar models. It contains sections on safety precautions, product specifications, disassembly and reassembly instructions, troubleshooting procedures, wiring diagrams, and other technical details. The document aims to guide technicians in servicing these TVs.
The document provides information about the DGI800 series inverter, including:
- Product specifications for models ranging from 0.2-1.5KW
- Overview of features such as vector control, PID control, and programmable I/O
- Safety guidelines and operating instructions
- Installation and wiring procedures
- Descriptions of the control keypad and operating modes
- Parameter settings and function groups
- Troubleshooting tips
The ABX Micros 60 is a fully automated hematology analyzer that performs complete blood count (CBC) testing on whole blood samples. The main components and features include:
1. Electrical supply: Provides power to the instrument.
2. Electronic main board: Contains the microprocessor and electronics that control the operation of the instrument.
3. Dilution pneumatics: System that handles sample dilution and aspiration.
4. Control panel: Includes a keypad and LCD screen for operator input and output display.
5. Reagent compartment: Houses reagents used in sample testing and analysis.
6. Printer: Prints out test results, distribution curves, and other output.
7. Optional
Plasma TV service manual provides safety and installation instructions for repair technicians. The manual covers Samsung plasma TV models PS43D450A2WXZG and PS51D450A2W. Key details include:
- The TVs have a 43" or 51" plasma display panel and come with supplied accessories like a remote control and power cord.
- Technicians must take electrostatic discharge precautions when working with semiconductor components and follow all safety instructions, including checking for electric leaks.
- Installation involves securing the TV to prevent tipping, keeping cables away from heat sources, and properly grounding antennas.
The document provides an overview and instructions for an LS Variable Frequency Drive inverter model SV-iP5A. It discusses safety instructions, component specifications, installation procedures, operation instructions, parameter settings, troubleshooting tips, and communication protocols. Safety symbols and precautions are defined at the beginning. Installation, wiring and operational guidelines are provided to safely set up and use the inverter. Technical specifications are given for various power ratings. Parameter details allow for customizing the inverter's functions and applications.
This document provides technical data for Control Techniques Commander SE variable speed drives. It includes power ratings, current and voltage specifications, efficiency and cooling information for Size 1 and Size 2 drive models. Recommendations are provided for supply fuses, cable sizes and braking resistors. Safety is emphasized, including warnings about high voltages and currents, stored electrical energy, and ensuring personnel safety in system design.
Manual de serviço TV LED LG 22LN4050TB chassis LB35A.Portal Eletrônica
This document provides service information for LG LED TV chassis LB35A and models 22LN4050 and 22LN4050-TB, including:
- Safety precautions for working with electrical components.
- Specifications for testing including temperature, humidity, voltage.
- Troubleshooting guide and block diagram to diagnose issues.
- Exploded view and schematic diagrams of parts for repair and replacement.
- Instructions for proper handling of electrostatic sensitive devices and soldering techniques.
Catalog: Inverter Mitsubishi FR-D700 Global
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Ultisolar MPPT Controller Tracer2210rn Tracer2215rn manual
Available at http://shop.ultisolar.com
About Ultisolar: Ultisolar is focus on MPPT Controller, PWM Controller, SWH Controller, SWH Station, Hall Flow Sensor
This document provides service information for TV sets, including:
- Safety regulations and instructions that must be followed when servicing the TVs.
- Information on the chassis boards, power supplies, and other components used in the TVs.
- Circuit diagrams and block diagrams showing the layout and connections of the components.
- Instructions for changing the chassis board and performing other service tasks, including cloning functions to backup and transfer settings.
- Lists of product codes and display variants to identify the specific model being serviced.
Manual de serviço TV SHARP LED/LCD diversos modelos linha LC.Portal Eletrônica
This document is a service manual for Sharp LCD colour televisions. It provides specifications for electrical components, important safety precautions for service technicians, operation manuals, technical specifications, diagrams, part lists and other information needed for servicing the televisions. Servicing should only be performed by qualified technicians and all safety checks must be followed to avoid potential electrical hazards.
The document provides instructions for wiring Delta Electronics' VFD-V Series AC motor drives. It includes two basic wiring diagrams - one for drives 10HP and below, and one for drives 15HP and above. The diagrams show how to connect the main circuit power terminals and control circuit terminals for power supply, inputs/outputs, motor, and other peripheral devices. The document emphasizes safety precautions and provides explanations of the terminals.
This document provides an operation manual for the XMT*-808 series microcomputer based digital temperature controller. It describes the technical specifications, model selection, installation and connection, faceplate description, basic setting and operation, functions and settings, additional function details, common control methods, and fault analysis. The manual instructs users on how to properly install and operate the temperature controller.
This document is an installation and operation manual for Conext CL 18000NA and Conext CL 25000NA three phase grid tie inverters. It provides safety information and guidelines for installing, operating, and maintaining the inverters. The manual is intended for use by qualified personnel and contains specifications, procedures, and troubleshooting information to safely install and set up the inverter systems.
Please read the manual carefully before using the product. The pictures, marks and
symbol in the manual belong to Acrel. The manual or part of it shall not be publicly
reprinted by people outside the company without written authorization.
This document provides operating instructions for the MICROMASTER 410 inverter. It contains the following sections:
1. A getting started guide for quick commissioning.
2. Operating instructions that cover features, installation, commissioning, control modes, parameters, troubleshooting, specifications, and options.
3. A parameter list with a description of all parameters structured in functional order.
4. Catalogues with information for selecting an appropriate inverter, filters, chokes, operator panels and communication options.
Safety warnings are provided throughout advising that only qualified personnel should work on the equipment and hazardous voltages are present, even when inoperative. Precautions are outlined for transport, storage, commissioning
This document provides safety instructions for using the CPC 100 test system and its accessories. It states that only authorized and qualified personnel should use CPC 100 after carefully reading the manuals. Proper grounding and safe operation procedures must be followed, and life-threatening voltages and currents can be present, so extreme caution is necessary when connecting cables or test objects. The emergency stop button should be used as needed for safety.
In This PPT we are discussed about complete details of that product (Use,Operation, Technical details, Dimensions, Wiring, and etc..)
Please Support us and Follow our other Sites
https://automationtechplc2.blogspot.com
https://humidificationcontrol.blogspot.com
https://controlsandsystems.business.site
If you enjoyed this article, share it with your friends and colleagues
Single Phase Sinusoid Inverter ASIC. EG8010 is a digital pure sine wave inverter ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) with
complete function of built-in dead time control. It applies to DC-DC-AC two stage power converter
system or DC-AC single stage low power frequency transformer system for boosting. EG8010 can
achieve 50/60Hz pure sine wave with high accuracy, low harmonic and distortion by external
12MHz crystal oscillator. EG8010 is a CMOS IC that integrates SPWM sinusoid generator, dead
time control circuit, range divider,soft start circuit, circuit protection, RS232 serial communication,
12832 serial LCD unit, and etc.
Catalog: Inverter FR-E700 Mitsubishi
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Tel: 0650 3617 012
DĐ: 0904 676 925
This document provides a quick start guide for the OMRON J1000 compact general purpose inverter. It includes sections on safety instructions, mechanical installation, electrical installation, keypad operation, start up, parameter settings, and troubleshooting. The guide specifies the drive can be used for 200V class, three-phase input models from 0.1 to 4 kW, 200V class single-phase input from 0.1 to 1.5 kW, and 400V class three-phase input from 0.2 to 4 kW. It also provides mounting dimensions and environmental operating conditions.
Manual de serviço tv led samsung ua32 f5500 chassis u85aPortal Eletrônica
This service manual provides information for troubleshooting and repairing LED TV models UA32F4500A, UA32F5300A, UA32F5500A, and other similar models. It contains sections on safety precautions, product specifications, disassembly and reassembly instructions, troubleshooting procedures, wiring diagrams, and other technical details. The document aims to guide technicians in servicing these TVs.
The document provides information about the DGI800 series inverter, including:
- Product specifications for models ranging from 0.2-1.5KW
- Overview of features such as vector control, PID control, and programmable I/O
- Safety guidelines and operating instructions
- Installation and wiring procedures
- Descriptions of the control keypad and operating modes
- Parameter settings and function groups
- Troubleshooting tips
The ABX Micros 60 is a fully automated hematology analyzer that performs complete blood count (CBC) testing on whole blood samples. The main components and features include:
1. Electrical supply: Provides power to the instrument.
2. Electronic main board: Contains the microprocessor and electronics that control the operation of the instrument.
3. Dilution pneumatics: System that handles sample dilution and aspiration.
4. Control panel: Includes a keypad and LCD screen for operator input and output display.
5. Reagent compartment: Houses reagents used in sample testing and analysis.
6. Printer: Prints out test results, distribution curves, and other output.
7. Optional
Plasma TV service manual provides safety and installation instructions for repair technicians. The manual covers Samsung plasma TV models PS43D450A2WXZG and PS51D450A2W. Key details include:
- The TVs have a 43" or 51" plasma display panel and come with supplied accessories like a remote control and power cord.
- Technicians must take electrostatic discharge precautions when working with semiconductor components and follow all safety instructions, including checking for electric leaks.
- Installation involves securing the TV to prevent tipping, keeping cables away from heat sources, and properly grounding antennas.
The document provides an overview and instructions for an LS Variable Frequency Drive inverter model SV-iP5A. It discusses safety instructions, component specifications, installation procedures, operation instructions, parameter settings, troubleshooting tips, and communication protocols. Safety symbols and precautions are defined at the beginning. Installation, wiring and operational guidelines are provided to safely set up and use the inverter. Technical specifications are given for various power ratings. Parameter details allow for customizing the inverter's functions and applications.
This document provides technical data for Control Techniques Commander SE variable speed drives. It includes power ratings, current and voltage specifications, efficiency and cooling information for Size 1 and Size 2 drive models. Recommendations are provided for supply fuses, cable sizes and braking resistors. Safety is emphasized, including warnings about high voltages and currents, stored electrical energy, and ensuring personnel safety in system design.
Manual de serviço TV LED LG 22LN4050TB chassis LB35A.Portal Eletrônica
This document provides service information for LG LED TV chassis LB35A and models 22LN4050 and 22LN4050-TB, including:
- Safety precautions for working with electrical components.
- Specifications for testing including temperature, humidity, voltage.
- Troubleshooting guide and block diagram to diagnose issues.
- Exploded view and schematic diagrams of parts for repair and replacement.
- Instructions for proper handling of electrostatic sensitive devices and soldering techniques.
Catalog: Inverter Mitsubishi FR-D700 Global
Beeteco.com là trang mua sắm trực tuyến thiết bị điện - Tự động hóa uy tín tại Việt Nam.
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DĐ: 0904 676 925
Ultisolar MPPT Controller Tracer2210rn Tracer2215rn manual
Available at http://shop.ultisolar.com
About Ultisolar: Ultisolar is focus on MPPT Controller, PWM Controller, SWH Controller, SWH Station, Hall Flow Sensor
This document provides service information for TV sets, including:
- Safety regulations and instructions that must be followed when servicing the TVs.
- Information on the chassis boards, power supplies, and other components used in the TVs.
- Circuit diagrams and block diagrams showing the layout and connections of the components.
- Instructions for changing the chassis board and performing other service tasks, including cloning functions to backup and transfer settings.
- Lists of product codes and display variants to identify the specific model being serviced.
Manual de serviço TV SHARP LED/LCD diversos modelos linha LC.Portal Eletrônica
This document is a service manual for Sharp LCD colour televisions. It provides specifications for electrical components, important safety precautions for service technicians, operation manuals, technical specifications, diagrams, part lists and other information needed for servicing the televisions. Servicing should only be performed by qualified technicians and all safety checks must be followed to avoid potential electrical hazards.
The document provides instructions for wiring Delta Electronics' VFD-V Series AC motor drives. It includes two basic wiring diagrams - one for drives 10HP and below, and one for drives 15HP and above. The diagrams show how to connect the main circuit power terminals and control circuit terminals for power supply, inputs/outputs, motor, and other peripheral devices. The document emphasizes safety precautions and provides explanations of the terminals.
This document provides an operation manual for the XMT*-808 series microcomputer based digital temperature controller. It describes the technical specifications, model selection, installation and connection, faceplate description, basic setting and operation, functions and settings, additional function details, common control methods, and fault analysis. The manual instructs users on how to properly install and operate the temperature controller.
This document is an installation and operation manual for Conext CL 18000NA and Conext CL 25000NA three phase grid tie inverters. It provides safety information and guidelines for installing, operating, and maintaining the inverters. The manual is intended for use by qualified personnel and contains specifications, procedures, and troubleshooting information to safely install and set up the inverter systems.
Please read the manual carefully before using the product. The pictures, marks and
symbol in the manual belong to Acrel. The manual or part of it shall not be publicly
reprinted by people outside the company without written authorization.
This document provides instructions for installing and operating an inverter. It includes wiring diagrams, terminal specifications, installation guidelines, and descriptions of operation modes and functions. Chapters cover installation, operation and autotuning, settings, control modes, protective functions, specifications, and more. The document aims to ensure proper use of the inverter.
This document provides installation, operation and maintenance instructions for VLT 6000 Series adjustable frequency drives. It contains safety warnings and guidelines for working with electrical equipment. Proper grounding, clearances and wiring practices are described to ensure safe installation and use of the drives.
This document provides installation, operation and maintenance instructions for VLT 6000 Series adjustable frequency drives. It contains safety warnings and guidelines for working with electrical equipment. Proper grounding, clearances and wiring practices are described to ensure safe installation and use of the drives.
This document provides installation, operation and maintenance instructions for VLT 6000 series adjustable frequency drives. It contains warnings about the dangers of electrical equipment and rotating machinery. It provides guidelines for safe installation and service, including disconnecting power before working, proper grounding, and ensuring no unintended starts. It also contains information about input power and motor connections, control connections, and technical specifications.
This document provides a user guide for an IP66/Nema 4X rated variable speed drive for controlling AC motors. It discusses safety information and warnings, describes the drive's environmental and electrical characteristics, and lists its optional components. The guide contains information to help ensure the drive is properly installed and commissioned according to regulations.
Original NPN Transistor 2SD1273 D1273 TO-220F New Panasonicauthelectroniccom
This document summarizes the specifications and characteristics of the 2SD1273 and 2SD1273A power transistors. It describes their silicon NPN structure, ability to handle high forward current, and TO-220F packaging. Electrical ratings include voltage and current limits. Key parameters like current transfer ratio, saturation voltage, and transition frequency are provided over varying conditions. Graphs illustrate characteristics like dissipation capability under different heat sinking. The document concludes with precautions regarding applications, specifications changes, ratings compliance, and reproduction of the content.
The document provides installation instructions for DELTA's VFD-C200 Series AC motor drives. It recommends installing drives in a metal cabinet with minimum clearances between drives to prevent overheating. Drives should be installed in pollution degree 2 environments and proper airflow direction must be maintained. When installing multiple drives, a metal separation is required between drives to prevent mutual heating.
Original Opto MOC3020M DIP-6 New FairchildAUTHELECTRONIC
This document provides information on the MOC301XM and MOC302XM series of optically isolated triac driver devices, including:
1) Key features such as excellent IFT stability and peak blocking voltages of 250V and 400V.
2) Applications such as industrial controls, lighting, and motor control.
3) Electrical specifications and characteristics including input-output isolation voltage of 4170VACRMS.
4) Packaging, ordering information, and diagrams of typical application circuits.
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This document provides information and instructions for an indoor remote power socket with a wireless remote control that has a range of 100 feet. It details the technical specifications, instructions for use, FCC compliance information, battery replacement instructions, and safety warnings. The socket can be controlled remotely to turn outlets on and off and has a rating of 125VAC/60Hz/8A/1000W for resistive and tungsten loads. The remote control uses one CR2032 lithium battery.
Beeteco xin gửi đến quý khách hàng Catalog biến tần Inovance dòng MD310 với đầy đủ thông tin về sản phẩm, kích thước, những lưu ý để sử dụng thiết bị hiệu quả.
This document provides information on medium voltage fuses from 3.6 kV to 36 kV produced by Hoang Phuong Electric Equipment Company. It includes an introduction to their Fusarc CF, Soléfuse, Tépéfuse, and MGK fuse lines and descriptions of their applications, characteristics, standards, quality control processes, and key definitions. Tables and diagrams are provided showing fuse ratings and operating ranges. The construction of the fuses is also detailed, including components like the end caps, enclosure, core, fuse element, and thermal striker.
This document provides installation, use and maintenance instructions for current and voltage transformers. It contains 10 sections that cover:
1. Service conditions for indoor and outdoor transformers.
2. Technical details found on the rating plate such as transformer type, ratios, outputs, and standards.
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Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
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Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
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The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
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Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
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Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
3. SAFETY DURING INSTALLATION AND USE
This symbol means that failure to take note of the
information given in this manual may have serious
consequences for the safety of personnel and may even
result in electrocution.
DANGER!
• Units must be installed in fan-cooled electrical cabinets to ensure that
condensation and pollution are excluded. The cabinet must be closed and
bonded to the safety earth in accordance with Standards NFC15-100,
IEC 364 or current national Standards. It is the responsibility of the user to
install and wire the installation in accordance with current professional
practice.
• Before any connection or disconnection, make sure that power and control
cables and leads are isolated from voltage sources.
• The safety earth must be connected before any other connection is made
during wiring and should be the last cable to be disconnected.
• Thyristors are not isolating devices.
The high-speed fuse recommended is used only to protect the thyristors:
under no circumstances can it be used to protect the installation. For this
reason it is very important to fit a suitable device guaranteeing protection
for, and electrical isolation of, the installation in compliance with current
practice.
• Access to the internal components of the product is prohibited to users
Disconnect the TE10A completely before dismantling.
• The temperature of the heatsink fins may exceed 100°C.
Avoid all contact, even occasional, with the heatsink while the TE10A is
operational.
The heatsink remains hot for approximately 15mins after the TE10A has
been switched off.
User manual TE10A 3
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:34 Page 3
4. EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES
CE MARKING
TE10A products carry the CE mark in compliance with the essential
requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73/23EC of 19/2/73 (amended by
the Directive 93/68/EC of 22/7/93).
For safety reasons, TE10A products installed and used in compliance with this
user manual meet the essential requirements of the European Directives
mentioned above.
CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
A CE Declaration of conformity is available on request.
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)
(For an industrial environment only, must not be used in domestic
environments)
Eurotherm certifies that TE10A Burst firing and Single Cycle fired products,
installed and used in compliance with their manual, meet the following EMC
standards and enable the system which incorporates them to comply with the
EMC Directive as far as those TE10A products are concerned.
EMC STANDARDS
Immunity Generic standard: EN 50082-2
Test standards : EN 61000-4-2, EN 61000-4-4,EN 61000-4-5
ENV 50140, ENV 50141, ENV 50204
Emission Generic standard: EN 50081-2
Test standard : EN 55011
Product standard : IEC 1800-3
User manual TE10A4
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:34 Page 4
5. User manual TE10A 5
INTERNAL EMC FILTER
An EMC filter is incorporated into the Burst firing and Single Cycle firing
TE10A to reduce conducted emission in accordance with the EMC Directive.
VALIDATION BY INDEPENDENT BODY
Eurotherm has validated the compliance of these TE10A controllers with the
Low Voltage Directive mentioned above and with EMC standards through
product design and laboratory testing.
The controls carried out on TE10A products are listed in a Technical
Construction File validated by the LCIE (Central Laboratory for the Electrical
Industries), a Recognised Competent Body.
PRECAUTIONS
Before installation, please read this manual thoroughly.
Eurotherm cannot be held responsible for any damage to persons or property,
or for any financial loss or costs arising from incorrect use of the product or
failure to observe the instructions given in this manual.
PERSONNEL
The installation, configuration, commissioning and maintenance of the power
unit should only be carried out by personnel qualified and trained to work
with low voltage electrical equipment in an industrial environment.
INDEPENDENT SAFETY DEVICE
Given the value of the equipment controlled by TE10A, it is the responsibility
of the user, and it is highly recommended, that an independent safety device
(alarm) should be installed. This alarm must be tested regularly. Eurotherm
can supply suitable equipment.
'ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY' INSTALLATION GUIDE
In order to help you reduce the effects of electromagnetic interference
depending on the product installation, Eurotherm can supply you with the
'Electromagnetic Compatibility' Installation Guide (ref. HA025464).
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:34 Page 5
6. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Power
Nominal current at 45°C 16, 25 or 40A.
Nominal voltage 100Vac to 500Vac +10%, -15%
Supply frequency 50 or 60Hz (nominal) ±2Hz
Current in ‘off state’ Below 30mA typically
Regulation
Type of regulation The load power is proportional to the control input
Linearity Better than ±2% of the full range
Stability Automatic compensation for supply variations
from ±10% of the nominal voltage. Stability
better than ± 2% of the full range on constant
resistance
Firing modes Thyristor firing at zero voltage
• Burst mode: firing and non-firing over a
whole number of mains cycles
• Single-cycle: firing or non-firing for one mains
cycle
• Advanced Single-cycle: firing over a whole
number of mains cycles, non-firing over a whole
number of half cycles
Firing indicator Green LED on front facia
Control Inputs
External signal type Analogue, DC voltage or current:
0 - 5V, 0 - 10V or 4 - 20mA
Input impedance Voltage 100KΩ, current 250Ω
Local control External potentiometer 10k
'Dry' contact: logic operation - 'all or nothing'
A '5V user' voltage is available
CE marking
Electrical safety The CE Mark in accordance with the Low
Voltage Directive 73/23/EC amended by the
Directive 93/68/EC of 22/7/93
User manual TE10A6
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:34 Page 6
7. EMC These TE10A products comply with
Electromagnetic Compatibility test standards
(see page 4)
Environment
Operating temperature 0 to 60°C, (see derating curves) at maximum
altitude of 2000m
Storage: -10 to +70°C
Operating atmosphere Non-conductive, non-explosive and non-
corrosive
Humidity RH: 5 to 95%, non-condensing
Pollution Pollution degree 2 permissible (IEC 664)
Thyristor protection External fuse, internal MOV (varistor) and
RC snubber
Protection degree IP20 (in accordance with IEC 529; ¶11.4,
table 5)
Isolation distances according to IEC 664
Insulation (1 minute test) 2000Vac between power and earth
3600Vac between power and control inputs
Cooling Natural convection
Mounting Vertical on DIN rail
Option
Auxiliary power supply 115Vac or 230Vac used in the case of non-
standard mains or if independent power
supply required
Wiring The separate auxiliary power supply must be in
phase or anti-phase with the load supply
Guarantee Two years for parts and labour (return to
factory)
In order to maintain its ‘leading edge’ Eurotherm may have to make changes to its
specifications without advance notice. For any further information, or if in doubt, please
contact Eurotherm Controls.
User manual TE10A 7
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:34 Page 7
8. PRODUCT CODE
Model / Current / Voltage / Input / Firing /Option / 00
TE10A 16A 100V 415V 0V5 Separate
25A 115V 440V 0V10 Single-cycle: power
40A 200V 480V 4mA20 FC1 Supply
230V 500V Advanced 115V
240V Single-cycle: 230V
277V SCA*
380V Burst-firing:
400V FC
* SCA mode uses different firing board
THYRISTOR PROTECTION FUSES
(Thyristor protection except for short-wave infrared application)
Current Rating Code (Fuse & fuse-holder) Dimensions (mm)
16A 20A FU1038 / 16A / 00 81 x 17.5 x 68
25A 32A FU1038 / 25A / 00 81 x 17.5 x 68
40A 50A FU1451 / 40A / 00 95 x 26 x 86
CURRENT DERATING (as a function of ambient temperature)
User manual TE10A8
20 353025 40 45 50 60
0
10
20
30
40
50
IN = 16 A
IN = 25 A
55
IN : nominal current at 45°C
Ambient temperature (°C)
Ieff(A)
IN = 40 A
Dotted line
( ):
limit of
recommended
fuse
9. INSTALLATION AND DIMENSIONAL DETAILS
Minimum spacing between 2 TE10A units:
10mm up to 45°C
17·5mm over 45°C
Dimensions
(in mm)
DIN rail clip mounting
(EN 50022-35 x 7·5 and 35 x 15)
Ground continuity: For reasons of electromagnetic compatibility
ensure that the metal DIN rail of the TE10A installation is
electrically bonded to the reference ground (panel or bulkhead).
User manual TE10A 9
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:35 Page 9
11. TERMINALS AND CONNECTORS
Power terminal block: cage terminals for 1.5 to 16mm2
cables, strip
insulation by 16 mm, tightening torque 1.2 Nm.
Safety earth wiring: same section as power conductor, tightening
torque 2 Nm.
Control connection to terminals 5 & 6, and separate auxiliary power
supply connection (option) to terminals 8 & 10: use 0.5 to 1.5 mm2
wire, strip insulation by 7 mm, tightening torque 0.4 Nm (0.25 Nm
for terminals 8 & 10).
View from below
User manual TE10A 11
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:35 Page 11
12. WIRING
Control of TE10A by temperature controller
Example of wiring for TE10A (240V nominal, input 0 to 10V)
controlled by Eurotherm 2000 series temperature controller.
User manual TE10A12
1 2
3 4
EUROTHERM
1
4
2
Load
Analogue
output
Line protection
circuit breaker
(installed by user)
N
Thyristor
protection fuse1A
fuse
5 6 7
L
Safety
earth
N
L
1A 1B
EUROTHERM 2216
E
5 6
Analogue
input
0V +
7
Firing
indicator
Neutral
Controlled
phase
TE10A 3
ON
Temperature controller
V+
V-
Thermocouple
input
ε
+- 5V
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:35 Page 12
13. Local control by potentiometer
The input must be configured as 0 to 5V (code 0V5).
Local control by contacts
The input must be configured as 0 to 5V (code 0V5).
User manual TE10A 13
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:35 Page 13
14. Auxiliary power supply (option)
Use of TE10A with non-standard mains.
Example of separate auxiliary power supply wiring (option).
The auxiliary power supply must be in phase or in anti-phase with
the load supply.
User manual TE10A14
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:35 Page 14
15. INPUT SIGNAL
External control
The TE10A is controlled by a DC analogue signal.
Signal type: voltage (0 to 5V or 0 to 10V) or current (4 to 20mA).
Input impedance: in voltage: 100k; in current: 250 ohms.
Local control
Local control is possible using a 10k potentiometer (analogue
operation) or via ‘dry’ contacts (logic operation).
A '5V User' voltage output (terminal 7) is provided for these control
modes (see wiring diagrams, page 13).
The input must be configured for 0 to 5V (0V5) for local control.
Input configuration (see pages 19 and 20 for Firing
configuration)
The signal type (voltage or current) and the signal level are
configured in the factory by the ‘Coffee beans’ located on the circuit
board (see pages 19 and 20).
The following table enables the user to check the configuration or to
re-configure the TE10A if required. In this table, the x denotes the
corresponding solder link ('Coffee bean').
Signal type Solder links ('Coffee beans')
GR1 GR2 GR5
0 - 10V
0 - 5V x
4 - 20mA x x x
Local control x
User manual TE10A 15
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:35 Page 15
16. FIRING MODES
Three firing modes are possible:
Burst firing, Single-cycle and advanced Single-cycle.
Thyristor firing and quenching occurs at zero voltage which
minimises interference to the supply network.
Burst firing
Burst firing mode consists of supplying a series of whole mains
cycles to the load.
The load power is proportional to the ratio of the firing time (TF) to
the modulation time (TM). The OFF time (TNF) is also a series of
whole mains cycles.
TM = TF + TNF
The period of modulation is variable according to the output power
demand.
• At 50% of nominal power the thyristors are on for 300ms ±100ms
and are off for 300ms ±100ms (at 50 Hz)
• For a setpoint less than 50%, the non-firing period increases, and
the firing period is fixed (300ms ±100ms)
• For a setpoint greater than 50%, the firing period increases, and
it is the non-firing period which is fixed (300ms ±100ms)
User manual TE10A16
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:35 Page 16
17. Single-cycle
The mode of firing with only one firing or non-firing mains cycle is
called Single-cycle.
• At 50% of nominal power the thyristors are on for 20ms and are
off for 20ms (at 50Hz)
• For a setpoint less than 50% the non-firing period increases and
the firing period is fixed at 20ms
• For a setpoint greater than 50% the firing period increases and it is
the non-firing period which is fixed at 20ms.
User manual TE10A 17
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:35 Page 17
18. Advanced Single-cycle (Uses different board)
In order to minimise power fluctuation during the modulation period,
the advanced Single-cycle mode uses half-cycles for non-firing.
Examples of firing in Single-cycle (a) and in advanced Single-cycle
(b) modes at 66.6% of nominal power.
• For a setpoint less than 50%, firing is effected on mains half-
cycles. The firing time is fixed at one cycle (20ms at 50Hz)
• For a setpoint greater than 50%, non-firing is reduced to one half-
cycle. Firing is effected over whole cycles.
The use of half-cycles for non-firing is the reason for the reduction in
flicker and brightness of infrared elements compared with Single-
cycle.
User manual TE10A18
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:35 Page 18
19. CONFIGURATION OF FIRING MODE
(see page 15 for Input configuration)
The thyristor firing mode is configured by means of the 'Coffee beans'
located on the circuit board.
According to the firing mode, the TE10A is fitted with one of two
boards:
• Board Type 1: Burst-firing or Single-cycle mode
• Board Type 2: Advanced Single-cycle mode
Burst firing and Single-cycle (codes FC and FC1)
In Burst-firing mode, ‘Coffee beans’ GR4 and GR6 are soldered.
In Single-cycle mode ‘Coffee beans’ GR4 and GR6 are not
soldered.
Board Type 1
Positioning of ‘Coffee beans’ on board Type 1 (solder-side view)
User manual TE10A 19
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:35 Page 19
20. Advanced Single-cycle (code SCA)
Board Type 2, which provides advanced Single-cycle firing, is not re-
configurable as far as the firing mode is concerned.
The information given below is intended for checking, if necessary,
the configuration of the thyristor firing mode and input type, or for a
possible change of input type.
In advanced Single-cycle mode, ‘Coffee bean’ GR8 must be
soldered
‘Coffee beans’ GR3, GR4, GR6, GR7 & GR9 must not be soldered
Board Type 2
Positioning of ‘Coffee beans’ on board Type 2 (solder-side view)
User manual TE10A20
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:35 Page 20
21. EUROTHERM CONTROLS LIMITED
UK SALES OFFICE
Eurotherm Controls Limited
Faraday Close, Durrington
Worthing
West Sussex BN13 3PL
TelephoneSales: (01903) 695888
Technical: (01903)
695777
Service: (01903)
695444
Fax (01903) 695666
Sales and support in over 30
countries worldwide
For countries not listed overleaf
enquiries/orders to:
Eurotherm Controls Limited
Export Dept.,
Faraday Close, Durrington, Worthing
West Sussex, BN13 3PL
Telephone (01903) 268500
Fax (01903) 265982
Telex 87114 EUROWG G
TE10ABurst Iss 2/MO.Correc 6/11/00 9:35 Page 21
23. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Addendum TE10 (50A/SWIR)
MAXIMUM CURRENT
In order to take into account supply voltage variations and
heating element resistance dispersion (all types of heating
elements including short wave infrared), a 0.8 safety coefficient
must be used on the thyristor unit current rating to determine the
maximum value of the load nominal current which the unit can
safely control.
TE10 rating SWIR maximum
controlled current
16 A 13 A
25 A 20 A
40 A and 50 A 32 A
SHORT WAVE INFRARED (SWIR) APPLICATIONS
Applications using short wave infrared heaters in Single Cycle,
Fast Cycle or Advanced Single Cycle are reserved to 16 A, 25 A
and 40 A current rating.
With a safety coefficient of 0.8 the maximum current for SWIR
which can be controlled is:
2
24. Addendum TE10 (50A/SWIR)
Models
TE10S/DC, TE10S/AC
TE10S/PDSIO
TE10S/PLF
TE10A/Burst
TE10A/PA
Weight
(g)
350
500
850
1100
550
700
900
1200
Width
(mm)
35
52.5
87.5
105
52.5
70
105
122.5
Nominal
current
16 A
25 A
40 A
50 A
16 A
25 A
40 A
50 A
Attention! For SWIR applications, the high-speed fuse
must not be used
Height 115 mm / Depth 92.5 mm
RANGE DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT
THYRISTOR PROTECTION FUSE
TE10
rating
16 A
25 A
40 A
50 A
Fuse
rating
20 A
32 A
50 A
63 A
Fuse & fuse-holder
Code Dimensions(mm)
FU1038/16A/00 81 x 17.5 x 68
FU1038/25A/00 81 x 17.5 x 68
FU1451/40A/00 95 x 26 x 86
FU2258/50A/00 140 x 35 x 90
3
25. 4 Addendum TE10 (50A/SWIR)
20 353025 40 45 50 60
0
10
20
30
40
50
IN = 25 A
55
Operation
tempereature (°C)
IN = 16 A
IN = 50 A
IN = 40 A
60
IRMS (A)
7065
Current derating as a fonction of ambient temperature (IN
= nominal current at
45°C)
Dotted line : limit due to recommended fuse