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Ancient Communication
System
Connection Oriented Communication
• Traditional Communication (Telephone)
• Traditional Telephone
Physical Medium (Wire)
Initial Electronic Communication
• Telephone
Person 1 Person 2
• Original Circuit
Amplifier
Power Source (Battery)
Person 1 Person 2
• Original Circuit of Telephone
• Magnetic effect of Electric Current for Mic
• Vibration generates electric current waveform which is sent over wire
• Magnetic effect of Electric Current for Speaker
• What is sound waves ? Time and Amplitude
| |
1 second 2 second0 second
H E L L 0
|
5 volt
Channel
Channel
Channel
Channel
A
C D
B
Channel
Bandwidth = 1 communication at a time only
Bandwidth = ? (The transmission capacity of channel)
A
C D
B
Channel
A
C D
B
CONNECTION ORIENTED COMMUNICATION
OSI & TCP/ IP
Open System Interconnection
What is TCP / IP ?
• Transmission Control Protocol.
• Higher and upgraded version of TCP is IP (Internet Protocol).
• Protocol - Rules which will be followed by hardware.
What are the rules for TCP/IP ?
1. If you are connected over channel listen and follow the timeline,
give your physical identity (MAC Address) in a form of packet in free
time interval.
2. Request and get a live address (IP address) on the network.
3. Read each and every packet.
4. Accept and process if matches your mac and further your ip address
else discard the packet.
Working of TCP IP
Channel
A
C
D
B1 second 2 second0 second
AB CD
|
1 communication cycle
Bandwidth = 2 communication at a time
Solve the problem by adding Data Link Layer
Channel
1st User
109 th User
N9 th User
Nth User1 second 2 second0 second
CD
||| | | | | || | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||
109 Cycles / Links
in a second (1 Giga)
Bandwidth = 1000000000 communications at a time
Problem with current situation
• 8,70,00,00,000 (8.7 billions) devices connected over internet till 2017.
• If we allocate each cycle to individual device it would take 4 secs for a
single device to respond to the packet which is sent over the internet.
• Latency in work.
• No control for future enhancement.
• Costly network to increase to TB/s speed for a small device as well.
• Solution on next slide……
Solving the problem by including network
layer using Tree Node Example.
Nodes
Nodes
Nodes
Network layer implementation
Network
Network
Network
Link Link
Link
Router
Router Router
Router Router
Router Router
Network layer implementation Benefits
Network
Link
Router
Router Router
Internet
109 Cycles / Links
in a second within the network
109 Cycles / Links
in a second within the network
109 Cycles / Links
in a second within the network
Software Protocols (TCP)
• Presentation Layer > Session Layer > Transport Layer.
• Transport Layer => Conversion of Packet to data.
• Session Layer=> Decrypting of data received in various segments.
• Presentation Layer => Arranging of discontigous data in order.
• Application Layer:-
• Logical port conversions on application layer.
Application Layer• 65,536 Logical ports (0-65535).
• Each application runs on different ports.
• For each IP address there is associated 65536 port, i.e, 65536
application can run on a single IP address.

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TCP/ IP Networking from Scratch

  • 4. Initial Electronic Communication • Telephone Person 1 Person 2
  • 5. • Original Circuit Amplifier Power Source (Battery) Person 1 Person 2
  • 6. • Original Circuit of Telephone
  • 7. • Magnetic effect of Electric Current for Mic
  • 8. • Vibration generates electric current waveform which is sent over wire
  • 9. • Magnetic effect of Electric Current for Speaker
  • 10. • What is sound waves ? Time and Amplitude | | 1 second 2 second0 second H E L L 0 | 5 volt
  • 14. Channel Bandwidth = 1 communication at a time only Bandwidth = ? (The transmission capacity of channel) A C D B
  • 16. OSI & TCP/ IP Open System Interconnection
  • 17.
  • 18. What is TCP / IP ? • Transmission Control Protocol. • Higher and upgraded version of TCP is IP (Internet Protocol). • Protocol - Rules which will be followed by hardware.
  • 19. What are the rules for TCP/IP ? 1. If you are connected over channel listen and follow the timeline, give your physical identity (MAC Address) in a form of packet in free time interval. 2. Request and get a live address (IP address) on the network. 3. Read each and every packet. 4. Accept and process if matches your mac and further your ip address else discard the packet.
  • 20. Working of TCP IP Channel A C D B1 second 2 second0 second AB CD | 1 communication cycle Bandwidth = 2 communication at a time
  • 21. Solve the problem by adding Data Link Layer Channel 1st User 109 th User N9 th User Nth User1 second 2 second0 second CD ||| | | | | || | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | || 109 Cycles / Links in a second (1 Giga) Bandwidth = 1000000000 communications at a time
  • 22. Problem with current situation • 8,70,00,00,000 (8.7 billions) devices connected over internet till 2017. • If we allocate each cycle to individual device it would take 4 secs for a single device to respond to the packet which is sent over the internet. • Latency in work. • No control for future enhancement. • Costly network to increase to TB/s speed for a small device as well. • Solution on next slide……
  • 23. Solving the problem by including network layer using Tree Node Example. Nodes Nodes Nodes
  • 24. Network layer implementation Network Network Network Link Link Link Router Router Router Router Router Router Router
  • 25. Network layer implementation Benefits Network Link Router Router Router Internet 109 Cycles / Links in a second within the network 109 Cycles / Links in a second within the network 109 Cycles / Links in a second within the network
  • 26.
  • 27. Software Protocols (TCP) • Presentation Layer > Session Layer > Transport Layer. • Transport Layer => Conversion of Packet to data. • Session Layer=> Decrypting of data received in various segments. • Presentation Layer => Arranging of discontigous data in order. • Application Layer:- • Logical port conversions on application layer.
  • 28. Application Layer• 65,536 Logical ports (0-65535). • Each application runs on different ports. • For each IP address there is associated 65536 port, i.e, 65536 application can run on a single IP address.