The document outlines a lesson plan on taxonomy, emphasizing the identification and classification of organisms using the Linnaean system and dichotomous keys. It covers the historical development of classification systems, including the modern five kingdoms and three domains, as well as concepts like phylogeny and cladistics. Students are encouraged to engage with the material through various learning activities and discussions about the importance of scientific naming and the need for classification.

1. TAXONOMY
Activity 14

2. Lesson Targets:
At the end of the lesson, the students CAN:
1. Identify the unique/distinctive characteristics of a
specific taxon relative to other taxa.
1.1 describe the Linnaean system of classification;
1.2 classify organisms into a hierarchy; and
1.3 identify unknown organisms using dichotomous
keys.

3. What is/are the
meaning of your
NAME/S?

4. Essential Ideas

5. - the grouping of objects or information based on similarities
-there are more than 1 million described species of plants and
animals
- many are still left undescribed
Classification
Taxonomy
Science of classification (grouping things)
Process of classifying biodiversity based on evolutionary relationships
Organizing organisms.
Groups and organisms based on different characteristics.

6. Taxonomy Developed the 1st widely accepted
system of biological classification
Everything grouped as plant or animal
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Binomial
Nomenclature
-Genus and species
-Genus is a group of similar species
-Written in Latin.
Structure
-Genus name---- always
capitalized
-Species name---- always
lowercase
-both names MUST be
underlined or italicized
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-Descriptive (Acer rubrum-red maple)
-Named after someone (genus-Linnea)
-Descriptive of where an organism lives
(D. californica)
-Named after person who first described
the organism (D. californica Torr)
-Many organisms have
common names
-Can be misleading
-Can have more than 1
common name,
depending on the area it
is found in
Early Taxonom
ic
System
s
ARISTOTLE
(359 B.C)
Carolus
Linnaeus
(1735)
• use of a species name
Based on looking at physical
and structural similarities
Revealed relationships of
organisms

7. Taxonomy
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T
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Based on
-Taxonomists study:
-Structural similarities
-Chromosomal structure
(karyotypes)
-Reproductive potential
-Biochemical similarities
Evolutionary
Relationships
Comparing DNA and
amino acids
-Embryology/development
-Breeding behaviour
-Geographic distribution
System
s
5 Kingdoms
(1965)
-Monera, Protista, and Fungi kingdoms added
to the 2 established kingdoms
-Kingdoms defined based on 2 main
characteristics
-Possession of a true nucleus (prokaryote or
eukaryote)
- How it gets food
3-Domain
(1980’s)
-Bacteria have distinct
differences
-All eukaryotic kingdoms
grouped into one domain
(Eukarya)
-Monera kingdom split into 2
domains (Archaea and
Eubacteria)

8. Taxonomy
How living things are
classified
-Groups of organisms called taxa or
taxons
-Organisms arranged in groups ranging
from very broad to very specific
characteristics
-Broader taxons have more general
characteristics and more species within it
-Smallest taxon---Species
-Largest taxon---Kingdom
Phylogeny- a family tree
for the evolutionary history
of a species
Dichotomous Key- way of
identifying organisms
by looking at the physical
characteristics
- uses a series of questions to
group into a hierarchy
classification
Cladogram- a branching
diagram to show the
evolutionary history of a
species
- helps scientists understand
how one lineage branched
from another in the course of
evolution
Cladistics- system of
classification based on
phylogeny
- derived characteristics/traits:
appear in recent parts of
a lineage but not in older
members

11. Learning experiences

12. A. Clarifying Understanding
Directions: Study the given pictures of different aliens. Use the
dichotomous key to find the scientific name for each one

13. 1. What is the importance of using of
scientific names instead of common
names?
2. Is there a need to classify organism/s?
Yes or No? Why?
B. Processing Questions

15. “Things Change. And friends leave. Life doesn’t
stop for anybody”
Stephen Chbosky. The perks of being a wallflower
C. Lifelong Learning
You have learned about the evidences of evolution.
Relate this quote on the changes that happened in the past
and that will happen in the future. Are changes good or
bad? Justify your answer.

16. Framing Concepts

17. Any Questions?
Clarifications?