The document discusses the TATA box, a DNA sequence found in gene promoters. It summarizes that the TATA box: - Was identified in 1978 and has the core sequence TATAAA. - Indicates where genetic sequences can be read and decoded, acting as a promoter sequence specifying where transcription begins. - Is typically located 25-35 base pairs before the transcription start site. - Can determine RNA polymerase specificity, with different sequences favoring RNAP II or III transcription.

1. TOPIC:- TATA - Box
Rakesh sarma
Ph.D research scholar
Department of Plant physiology
Institute of Agricultural science,
BHU,Varanasi

2. TATA box
 TATA box was first identified in 1978 by American biochemist
David Hogness and Gold-berg.
 It is an example of a cis-regulatory element and has the core
sequence 5' TATAAA 3'
TATA box is a DNA sequence that indicates where a genetic
sequence can be read and decoded.
It is a type of promoter sequence, which specifies to other
molecules where transcription begins.
Its located at 25-35 base pairs before the transcription start site of
a gene.

6. Role of TATA box in RNA polymerase
specificity
 TATA box sequence can act as a basal promoter.
 TATA sequence TATAAAAA specifically supported
transcription by RNAP II in an unfractionated Drosophila
nuclear extract,
 Where as the sequence TTTTTATA (the same sequence
in reverse orientation) directed RNAP III transcription.
 the data indicate that T residues at positions 2 and 4 of
the TATA box appear to be important determinants of
RNAP III selectivity ,
 whereas A residues at these positions favor RNAP II
transcription
Wang et al.,1996(nature genetics)

7. Marbach-bar et al., (Nature comunication,2013)

8. TATA boxes in gene transcription and poly (A) tails in
mRNA stability: New perspective on the effects of
berberine
• Berberine (BBR) is a natural compound with variable
pharmacological effects and a broad panel of target genes.
• BBR inhibits gene transcription by binding the TATA boxes in the
transcriptional regulatory region, but it promotes higher levels of
expression by targeting the poly (A) tails of mRNAs.
• The binding affinity sequence, from strong to weak, was TATA box
> CAAT box > GC box . The ability of BBR to bind TT, TA, TTAA and
TATA sequences increased with increasing repetitions of the target
sequences.
• Berberine can use to cure severel genetic disease and cancer by its
gene regulatory effect.

9. • SAGA (Spt–Ada–Gcn5 Acetyltransferase) is a transcriptional
co-activator complex that regulates numerous cellular
processes through the coordination of multiple post-
translational histone modifications, including acetylation,
deubiquitination, and chromatin recognition.
• the composition of the SAGA complex in plants are likely
involved in the regulation of the inducible expression of genes
under light, cold, drought, salt, and iron stress, although the
functions of several of its components remain unknown.

10. SAGA molecule signaling during abiotc
stress

11.  TATA-box being only an eight-nucleotide sequence, individual position may determine
specific aspects in promoter function
 (Kiran et al., 2006) showed that the seventh and eighth positions in the prototype core
TATA-box TCACTATATATAG determine light-induced promoter expression.
The presence of a G or C at these positions resulted in failure to form a light-specific
transcription initiation complex.
Substitution of T at the ninth position with G or C enhanced transcription from the
promoter in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants.
However, the 9G/C mutants in the presence of lre failed to respond to phytochromes,
sugar, and calcium signaling, in contrast to the prototype TATA-box withlre.
The expression in both light and dark was enhanced equally as compared with the
prototype promoter. The light-specific activation in transcription is affected by the
intracellular level of Glc (Acevedo-Hernandez et al., 2005), Ca2+ (Neuhaus et al., 1993; Wu
et al., 1996), and phytochromes (Martinez-Garcia et al., 2000; Kim et al., 2002; Quail,
2002)

12. Role of TATA box in phytochrome
signaling

13. Rice transcription regulator OsWRKY13 influences the
functioning of more than 500 genes in multiple signalling
pathways, with roles in disease resistance, redox homeostasis,
abiotic stress responses, and development.
The most stringent definition for a WRKY binding site, a W-box,
is a hexamer of TATAA(A/T), which is found in the promoter
regions of many pathogenesis-related genes .
Rice OsWRKY13 is a potentially important transcriptional
regulator involved in multiple physiological processes. It mediates
disease resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas
oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and fungal blast caused by Magnaporthe
grisea through activation of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent
pathways and suppression of jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent
pathways;

14. The p68 is an evolutionarily conserved protein which plays pivotal roles
in all aspect RNA metabolism processes.
It is well established that helicases provides abiotic stress adaptation in
plants but analysis of cis-regulatory elements present in the upstream
regions is still infancy.
The promoter of Psp68 was isolated by gene walking PCR from pea
genomic DNA library constructed in BD genome walker kit. In silico analysis
revealed that promoter of Psp68 contained a TATA, a CAAT motif and also
harbors some important stress and hormone associated cis regulatory
elements, including E-box, AGAAA, GATA-box, ACGT, GAAAA and GTCTC.
Functional analyses were performed by Agrobacterium-mediated
transient assay in tobacco leaves. Very high level of GUS activity was
observed in agroinfiltrated tobacco leaves by the construct carrying
the Psp68promoter::GUS, subjected to abiotic stress and exogenous
hormonal treatments. Stress-inducible nature of Psp68 promoter opens
possibility for the study of the gene regulation under stress condition.
Therefore, may be useful in the field of agriculture and biotechnology.

15. Reference
• Yukawa, Y., Sugita, M., Choisne, N., Small, I., & Sugiura, M. (2000). The TATA motif,
the CAA motif and the poly (T) transcription termination motif are all important for
transcription re‐initiation on plant tRNA genes. The Plant Journal, 22(5), 439-447.
• Chen, M., Chory, J., & Fankhauser, C. (2004). Light signal transduction in higher
plants. Annu. Rev. Genet., 38, 87-117.
• Marbach-Bar, N., Ben-Noon, A., Ashkenazi, S., Harush, A. T. B., Avnit-Sagi, T.,
Walker, M. D., & Dikstein, R. (2013). Disparity between microRNA levels and
promoter strength is associated with initiation rate and Pol II pausing.Nature
communications,
• Yamamoto, Y. Y., Yoshitsugu, T., Sakurai, T., Seki, M., Shinozaki, K., & Obokata, J.
(2009). Heterogeneity of Arabidopsis core promoters revealed by high‐density TSS
analysis. The Plant Journal, 60(2), 350-362.