The document discusses various network protocols and components. It explains that ICMP is an Internet protocol that operates at the network layer, similar to IP, and is commonly used for ping and traceroute utilities. Ping uses ICMP packets to check if a host is available on the network, while traceroute uses UDP or ICMP packets to determine the route to a host. It also mentions TCP packets, UDP packets, the ping of death attack, routers, switches, IP, firewalls, proxy servers, LANs, and bandwidth. The second part describes how information packets are labeled with source and destination addresses and routed through a LAN and router to reduce traffic load.

1. AC_M4 – Tarefa Vídeo
TCP pacote
ICMP ping pacote
O ICMP - Internet ControlMessageProtocol - é um protocolo que faz parte da pilha TCP/IP,
enquadrando-se na camada de rede (nível 3), a mesma camada do protocolo IP - Internet
Protocol. O seu uso mais comum é feito pelos utilitários ping e traceroute. O pingevia pacotes
ICMP para verificar se um determinado host está disponível na rede. O traceroute faz uso do
envio de diversos pacotes UDP ou ICMP e, através de um pequeno truque, determina a rota
seguida para alcançar um host.
UDP pacote
Ping (Ping of Death )
Router
The Router Switch
IP (Internet Protocol)
Firewall
Proxy Server
LAN (Local Area Network)
Bandwidth
……………………………………………………….
The flow of information issent to personal mail room where IP divides the information
packages in into packets of information because every packet is limited. The Packets has a
label which contains important information’s such as sender´s address, receiver’s address and
what type of packet it is, besides this if the packet is going out onto the internet, it contains
address for the Proxy Server too.
Then the packet is launched to the LAN (Local Area Network), LAN connects all your local
computers, routers, printers and other devices for information exchange within the physical
walls of the building. LAN contains all types of information like IP packets, AppleTalk packets.
The Router reads and manages the packet inside the LAN and if necessary changes the routes
of the packets to different network within a LAN to reduce the traffic or load. Router controls
and organizes the packets inside the LAN.

2. Bibliografia:
http://www.sounerd.com.br/index.php/section-blog/77-Outros/40-entenda-o-que-sao-icmp-
ping-e-traceroute.html