Evolution of mechanical ventilation in the last 20 yearsDr.Mahmoud Abbas
Evolution of mechanical ventilation in the last 20 years lecture presented by Dr Andres Esteban at the Egyptian Critical care Summit 2015 held at Cairo, Egypt. The Summit is the leading medical event and exhibition for critical care medicine in Egypt
Lecture presented by Dr.Ronald Dahl at Allergy Alex , February 2014 held at Alexandria, Egypt.
Allergy Alex is the leading medical event and exhibition for Allergy, Asthma and COPD in Egypt. www.allergyalex.com
Evolution of mechanical ventilation in the last 20 yearsDr.Mahmoud Abbas
Evolution of mechanical ventilation in the last 20 years lecture presented by Dr Andres Esteban at the Egyptian Critical care Summit 2015 held at Cairo, Egypt. The Summit is the leading medical event and exhibition for critical care medicine in Egypt
Lecture presented by Dr.Ronald Dahl at Allergy Alex , February 2014 held at Alexandria, Egypt.
Allergy Alex is the leading medical event and exhibition for Allergy, Asthma and COPD in Egypt. www.allergyalex.com
Internal medicine review for national license examination 2 Santi Silairatana
Internal Medicine review, with focus on pulmonary medicine and critical care medicine including pneumonia, asthma, COPD, tuberculosis, and sepsis & septic shock. Intended to be used for medical students.
Monocytes and macrophages are innate immune cells that reside and accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions but also in the healthy and injured heart and brain. The cells and their subsets pursue distinct functions in steady state and disease, and their tenure may range between hours to months. Some subsets are highly inflammatory, while others support tissue repair.
Dr. Matthias Nahrendorf discusses current concepts of cell supply by the hematopoietic system, lineage relationships and systems’ cross talk, highlights open questions, and describes imaging tools for studying monocytes, macrophages and their progenitors.
Key Topics Include:
- Resident versus bone marrow derived macrophages
- Roles and phenotypes of heart leukocytes
- Hematopoiesis and the bone marrow in cardiovascular disease
Internal medicine review for national license examination 2 Santi Silairatana
Internal Medicine review, with focus on pulmonary medicine and critical care medicine including pneumonia, asthma, COPD, tuberculosis, and sepsis & septic shock. Intended to be used for medical students.
Monocytes and macrophages are innate immune cells that reside and accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions but also in the healthy and injured heart and brain. The cells and their subsets pursue distinct functions in steady state and disease, and their tenure may range between hours to months. Some subsets are highly inflammatory, while others support tissue repair.
Dr. Matthias Nahrendorf discusses current concepts of cell supply by the hematopoietic system, lineage relationships and systems’ cross talk, highlights open questions, and describes imaging tools for studying monocytes, macrophages and their progenitors.
Key Topics Include:
- Resident versus bone marrow derived macrophages
- Roles and phenotypes of heart leukocytes
- Hematopoiesis and the bone marrow in cardiovascular disease
Dr Denis Wat of Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital and Kevin Auton of Aseptika present their feasibility study on self care with COPD patients at ECO9 event on 13th September 2016
COPD EXACBATION WITH CONSOLIDATION , WITH DIABETESLalit Jagtap
case presentation ... Department of Clinical Pharmacy .
hronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also known as chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), and chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD),
3 Pharmacy Trends You Should Know for 2015weatrust
WEA Trust’s new Director of Clinical Pharmacy, Alan Lukazewski, will share his pharmacy forecast for the upcoming year. Learn about the phenomenon of generic drug inflation, how expensive brand drugs will change formularies, and the cost imperative to proper medication usage.
Lukazewski has over 30 years of industry experience, from long term care consulting to retail pharmacy. His mission is to deliver a sustainable, high-quality pharmacy benefit along with a highly responsive, personalized customer service experience.
The latest guidelines on the management of a COPD patient ( Stable COPD, patient with an exacerbation of COPD), latest modalities of treatment of a COPD patient
Mechanical Ventilation of Patient with COPD ExacerbationDr.Mahmoud Abbas
Mechanical Ventilation of Patient with COPD Exacerbation lecture presented by Dr Andres Esteban at the Egyptian Critical care Summit 2015 held at Cairo, egypt.
The Egyptian Critical Care Summit is the leading medical event and exhibition for Intensive Care Medicine in Egypt.
Dr. Roberto Machado from the University of Illinois at Chicago presented an update on PAH at a Patient Education Conference on March 15, 2014 hosted by the Scleroderma Foundation, Greater Chicago Chapter.
Stress & Strain during Lung Protective Ventilation Egypt Pulmonary Critical...Dr.Mahmoud Abbas
Stress & Strain During Lung Protective Ventilation. Presentation of Dr Lluis Blanch at Pulmonary Critical Care Egypt 2014 , the leading educational event and exhibition for Critical Care Medicine in Egypt. www.pccmegypt.com
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
6. Worldwide burden of COPD: Asia-Pacific 1. Ko FW et al. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12: 713–717. Asia-Pacific study area Overall prevalence of COPD (%) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Japan Hong Kong China Thailand Taiwan Prevalence assessed using the International Classification of Disease Prevalence assessed by community surveys utilising spirometry
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10. Health status changes following an exacerbation Spencer et al. Thorax 2003 *at presentation with acute exacerbation 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 4 Weeks 12 Weeks 26 Weeks 65 No Further Exacerbation Baseline* Further Exacerbation Within 6 months SGRQ Score
16. Inflammation in COPD occurs even in the early stages Hogg et al. N Engl J Med 2004 0 20 40 60 80 100 Neutrophils Macrophages Eosinophils CD4 cells CD8 cells Airways with measurable cells (%) GOLD Stage 0 GOLD Stage 1 GOLD Stage 2 & 3 GOLD Stage 4
17. Anti-inflammatory effects of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate in chronic obstructive lung disease End of double-blind phase = Sputum = Biopsy Run-In Seretide 50/500 μ g bd Randomisation Screen Week: Placebo bd -4 0 4 8 12 13 -1 * * Any previous ICS/OCS withdrawal 4 weeks Barnes et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006
18. Summary - absolute changes in biopsy endpoints -500 -300 0 100 SALM/FP 50/500 – placebo (cells/mm 2 ) -100 -400 -200 CD8 p=0.015 * CD68 p=0.255 * TNF- p=0.003 Mast cells p=0.083 *p-value has been adjusted for multiplicity (Data are median, 95% CI) Change favours SALM/FP Change favours placebo Barnes et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006 IFN- p=0.026
19. Sputum: neutrophil differential count * Adjusted for multiplicity (p=0.01 unadjusted) 0 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 Placebo (n = 60) Seretide (n = 51) Sputum neutrophil differential counts (%) Baseline Week 13 Week 8 Baseline Week 13 Week 8 p = 0.04* Barnes et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006
20. www.themegallery.com Adjusted mean changes from baseline in prebronchodilator FEV 1 Barnes NC et al. AJRCCM 2006 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Weeks - 0.1 - 0.05 0 0.1 0.2 0.05 0.15 Adjusted mean change (L) Placebo SALM/FP * * * * * p < 0.001 173 ml
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23. What do COPD patients die from? Mannino. Respir Med 2006 ASCVD=atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease 5.4 COPD deaths per 1,000 patient years 9.1 COPD deaths per 1,000 patient years 21.6 COPD deaths per 1,000 patient years 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% GOLD 2/3/4 GOLD 1 No COPD COPD ASCVD Lung Cancer Pneum/Inf Other
24. Effects of fluticasone with or without salmeterol on systemic biomarkers of inflammation in COPD + p=0.016 comparison placebo and fluticasone * p= 0.002 comparison placebo and fluticasone/salmeterol Sin DD, et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177:1207-1214 Placebo (n=39) Fluticasone (n=85) Fluticasone/salmeterol (n=88) P value CRP (mg/L) -0.145 (-1.923 to 1.732) -0.168 (-1.385 to 0.691) 0.074 (-1.205 to 2.674) 0.537 IL-6 (pg/ml) -0.2 (-1.3 to 0.5) 0.1 (-0.6 to 0.9) 0.2 (-0.5 to 1.1) 0.120 SP-D (ng/ml) -1.9 (9.8 to 15.2) -7.3 (-22.8 to -1.1) -12.3 (-28.4 to 0.4) 0.002 +*
25. Circulating SP-D levels related to changes in FEV 1 in COPD Sin DD, et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177:1207-1214
26. Circulating SP-D levels related to changes in health status scores in COPD Change in circulating SPD in quintiles (median values in ngl for each quintile) Test for trend p=0.002 Improved health status Change in total SGRQ score 1 (-39.2) 2 (-19.6) 3 (-8.8) 4 (-1.1) 5 (17.9) 4.0 2.0 0.0 -2.0 -4.0 -6.0 -8.0 Sin DD et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177: 1207–1214.
27. Survival by lung function impairment Years 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Survival 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 GOLD 3 or 4 GOLD 2 GOLD 0 Normal Restricted GOLD 1 Mannino et al. Respir Med 2006
28. Survival by respiratory symptoms Mannino et al. Respir Med 2006 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Follow up in years Survival 1.0 .9 .8 .7 .6 .5 Gold stage 3 or 4 No Symptoms Symptoms
32. TORCH: study design TORCH FEB 07 SFC 50/500 µ g bd (N=1533) SAL 50 µg bd (N=1521) Placebo (N= 1524) 3-year study duration 2 week run-in FP 500 µg bd (N=1534) Vestbo et al . Eur Respir J 2004; Calverley et al . NEJM 2007
33. TORCH FEB 07 All-cause mortality at 3 years Vertical bars are standard errors 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Time to death (weeks) Probability of death (%) 1524 1533 1521 1534 1464 1487 1481 1487 1399 1426 1417 1409 1293 1339 1316 1288 Placebo SFC Number alive 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 Calverley et al. NEJM 2007 SALM FP
34. Primary analysis: all-cause mortality at 3 years TORCH FEB 07 Vertical bars are standard errors 1524 1533 1464 1487 1399 1426 1293 1339 Number alive 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 Time to death (weeks) Probability of death (%) HR 0.825, p=0.052 17.5% risk reduction 2.6% absolute reduction Calverley et al. NEJM 2007 SFC 12.6% Placebo 15.2%
35. Rate of moderate and severe exacerbations over three years TORCH FEB 07 *p < 0.001 vs placebo; † p = 0.002 vs SALM; ‡ p = 0.024 vs FP Mean number of exacerbations/year 1.13 0.97 * 0.93 * 0.85 * †‡ 25% reduction 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 Placebo SALM FP SFC Treatment Calverley et al. NEJM 2007
36. SGRQ total score TORCH FEB 07 – 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1 0 1 2 3 0 24 48 72 96 120 156 Adjusted mean change SGRQ total score (units) Time (weeks) Calverley et al. NEJM 2007 Placebo SALM * FP † *p = 0.057 vs placebo; † p < 0.001 vs placebo; †† p < 0.001 vs placebo, SALM and FP; v ertical bars are standard errors Number of subjects 1149 1148 1155 1133 854 906 942 941 781 844 848 873 726 807 807 814 675 723 751 773 635 701 686 731 569 634 629 681 SFC ††
37. Age 40-50 50-55 55-60 60-70 Courtesy of D. O’Donnell. Adapted from Fletcher CM, Peto R. BMJ 1977 FEV 1 (%) Relative to Age 25 Age (years) Death Disability Symptoms 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 20 40 60 80 20 100 Not Susceptible Susceptible Smokers Stopped smoking at 45 (mild COPD) Stopped smoking at 65 (severe COPD)
38. SFC slows the rate of decline of lung function over 3 years (TORCH) 1350 1300 1250 1200 1150 1100 Celli BR et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178: 332–338. FEV 1 (mL) 0 24 48 72 96 120 156 Weeks -39 mL/yr -42 mL/yr -55 mL/yr -42 mL/yr SFC versus placebo: 16 ml/year, p<0.001 Salmeterol versus placebo: 13 ml/year, p=0.003 FP versus placebo: 13 ml/year, p=0.003 Placebo SALM FP SFC
39.
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41. Exacerbations occur even in patients with FEV 1 ≥ 50% predicted O’Reilly et al. COPD4 2004 Number of exacerbations vs. FEV 1 % predicted 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 5 10 15 20 25 Number of exacerbations FEV 1 % predicted (L) <50% predicted >=50% predicted
42. TORCH : Exacerbation rate (patients with FEV1> 50% pred) Jone P. presented in APSR 2008
43. UPLIFT study design 1. Decramer M et al. J COPD 2004; 1: 303–312. All study medications delivered via HandiHaler ® device. *Patients permitted to use all previously prescribed respiratory medications. No restrictions for medications prescribed for exacerbations. † Active smokers advised to discontinue smoking and offered a smoking cessation program. 37 countries, 475 investigational sites Every 6 Months Spriometry SGRQ Review Patient Diary End of Study Spriometry SGRQ Review Patient Diary Tiotropium 18 mcg QD + concomitant respiratory medications* Placebo QD + concomitant respiratory medications* Ipratropium 30 days 4 years R Screening † Spriometry Randomisation Spriometry SGRQ Review Patient Diary Day 30 Spriometry SGRQ n = 5993
44. Study design: TORCH vs UPLIFT 1 . Tashkin D. Am J Med 2006; 119: S63–72. 2. Calverley PMA et al. N Eng J Med 2007; 356: 775-789. Design TORCH UPLIFT Patients (n) 6,112 5,993 Design – 3 years – 6184 patients (four arms, twice-daily dosing) – Salmeterol 50 mcg – Fluticasone 500 mcg – Fluticasone 500 mcg/salmeterol 50 mcg – Placebo – 4 years – 5993 patients (two arms, once-daily dosing) – TIO 18 mcg – Placebo Primary endpoint All-cause mortality (placebo vs SFC) Rate of lung function decline SGRQ Score 49 ± 17 46 ± 17 Baseline & predicted post-bronchodilator FEV 1 ~44% ~47% Concomitant medication – ICS: 0% – LABA: 0% – Long-term OCS: 0% – Theophylline permitted – ICS: ~75% – LABA: ~70% – Theophylline: ~35% Withdrawals – SFC: 34% – Placebo: 44% – Analysis including withdrawals – Tiotropium: 36% – Placebo: 45% – Analysis including withdrawals
45.
46.
47. UPLIFT: Post bronchodilator FEV 1 decline (ITT population) Placebo Tiotropium p=0.21 1. Tashkin DP et al. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: (Online Suppl.). -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 FEV 1 decline (ml/yr)
48. UPLIFT: rate of decline in health-related quality of life (SGRQ) 1. Tashkin DP et al. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1543–54. Improvement SGRQ Total Score (units) Placebo (n=2337) Tiotropium (n=2478) 0 35 40 45 50 p=0.78 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 Month CRM: Concomitant respiratory medication
49. HR 0.86 (95%CI 0.81, 0.91) 14% 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Exacerbations Number per year Placebo Tiotropium UPLIFT: COPD exacerbations 1. Tashkin DP et al. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: (Online Suppl.).
50. UPLIFT: all-cause mortality 1. Tashkin DP et al. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1543–54. Years Mortality at 1470 days: Predefined secondary analysis 20 15 10 5 0 Probability of death from any cause (%) 0 1 2 3 4 Hazard ratio, 0.89 (95% Cl, 0.79-1.02) Tiotropium Placebo p<0.09
51. UPLIFT and TORCH: Mortality UPLIFT 1 TORCH 2 1. Tashkin DP et al. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1543–54. 2. Calverley PMA et al. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 775–789 Tiotropium Placebo Hazard Ratio (HR) N (%) N (%) HR 95% CI P-value ITT 1470 days 446 (14.9) 495 (16.9) 0.89 0.79-1.02 0.086 ITT 1440 days 430 (14.4) 491 (16.3) 0.87 0.76-0.99 0.034 On-treatment 381 (12.8) 411 (13.7) 0.84 0.73-0.97 0.016 SFC Placebo Hazard Ratio (HR) N (%) N (%) HR 95% CI P-value Log-rank adjusted 193 (12.6) 231 (15.2) 0.825 0.68-1.00 0.052 Cox proportional 193 (10.3) 231 (12.6) 0.811 0.67-0.98 0.03
53. A 2 year multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double dummy controlled trial 2 week Run-in 2-years treatment Oral prednisolone 30mg/day + inhaled salmeterol 50 g b.d. Tiotropium bromide 18 g o.d. via Handihaler (n=665) SFC 50/500 g b.d. via Accuhaler (n=658) Study design Discontinued all existing COPD maintenance medications Wedzicha JA, et al. AJRCCM 2008;177:19-26
54. Wedzicha JA, et al. AJRCCM 2008;177:19-26 Rate of HCU exacerbations
55. All Cause Mortality Time to death on treatment from Cox’s proportional hazards model ** * Includes all patients for whom mortality was known during the study ** Time to death on treatment excludes 7 deaths (3 SFC, 4 TIO) which occurred > 2 weeks after treatment cessation Wedzicha JA, et al. AJRCCM 2008;177:19-26 SFC 50/500 TIO 18 Number of deaths* p-value 21 (3%) 38 (6%) 0.032 Hazard Ratio 95% CI p-value SFC vs TIO 0.48 (0.27 to 0.85) 0.012
56. Wedzicha JA, et al. AJRCCM 2008;177:19-26 Time to death on treatment in SFC and TIO 52% risk reduction p=0.012
58. Pneumonia reported Wedzicha JA, et al. AJRCCM 2008;177:19-26 *Includes events of pneumonia, lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia
59. COPD treatment: Overview 1. Calverley PMA et al. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 775–789. 2. Wedzicha JA et al . Am J Crit Care Med 2008; 177: 19–26. SFC treats symptoms and disease progression 1 Tiotropium SFC Reduces inflammation 1,2 X Reduces breathlessness 1,2 Reduces exacerbations 1,2 Slows the rate of decline in lung function 1,2 X Improves and sustains quality of life 1,2 Potential to improve survival 1,2