The document discusses tacheometry, which is a method of surveying using a tacheometer. A tacheometer is a transit theodolite fitted with a stadia diaphragm consisting of two stadia hairs above and below the horizontal crosshair. The document discusses the components used in tacheometry including stadia rods, methods for determining tacheometric constants, and formulas for calculating distance and elevation from stadia readings taken with the tacheometer. It also provides examples of solving tacheometry problems.

1. BY ---- MOHIT DUREJA

2. BY ---- MOHIT DUREJA

3. BY ---- MOHIT DUREJA

4. INSTRUEMENT USED IN TACHEOMETRY
1) TACHEOMETER
• IT IS A TRANSIT
THEODOLITE FITTED WITH
A STADIA DIAPHRAGAM.
• THE STADIA DIAPHRAGAM
CONSIST OF ONE STADIA
ABOVE AND OTHER AN
EQUAL DISTANCE BELOW
THE HORIZONTAL CROSS
HAIR
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5. DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIAPHRAGAM
CROSS HAIR DIAPHRAGAM
STADIA HAIR DIAPHRAGAM
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6. 2) STADIA ROD
• For small sights
ordinary leveling staff
is used. It has a least
count of 5mm.
• For long sight stadia
rod is used. The least
count is 5mm or 10mm
cont… INSTRUEMENT USED IN TACHEOMETRY
BY ---- MOHIT DUREJA

7. Requirement/ Characteristics of
Tacheometer
• The value of multiplying constant should be
100
• The central horizontal hair must be exactly
mid way between the other two horizontal
hair
• The value of additive constant should be zero.
• In order to have bright image the aperture of
objective should be 35 to 45 mm.
BY ---- MOHIT DUREJA

8. METHODS OF TECHEOMETRY
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9. STADIA INTERVAL
0R
STAFF INTERCEPT (S)
S=(12.38 - 11.98)
S= 0.40 M
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11. :-The stadia method is based on the principle that
the ratio of the perpendicular to the base is
constant in similar isosceles
triangles
D
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12. D= K s + C
WHERE;
K= MULTIPLYING CONSTANT
C = ADDITIVE CONSTANT TACHEOMETRIC CONSTANT
Multiplying constant is usually taken as 100
Additive constant is taken as zero(0)
There values are generally provide by manufacturers BY ---- MOHIT DUREJA

13. DETERMINATION OF STADIA CONSTANT
1) BY DIRECTLY MEASURE FROM THE INSTRUMENT
D= f s + (f+d)
i
f
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14. 2) BY COMPUTATION
D1= f S1 + (f+d)
i
D2= f S2 + (f+d)
i
D3= f S3 + (f+d)
i
…………..1
…………..2
…………..3
SOLVE
EQ. 1 & 2
EQ. 2 & 3
EQ. 3 & 1
And find exact value by
their mean
f
i
(f+d) = ?
= ?K
C
BY ---- MOHIT DUREJA

15. Q .) Two distance of 90m and 250m were accurately measured out and the
intercepts on the vertical were 0.895 & 2.495m respectively. Calculate
Tacheometric constant.
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16. Q. With telescope horizontal, the readings taken by upper and
lower wires were 3.840 and1.060 m. Find the horizontal distance
and elevation of staff station if the RL of instrument axis is
341.540m. The central hair reading was 2.450. (K=100, c=0.4)
BY ---- MOHIT DUREJA

17. Distance and elevation formula with inclined sight
D=K Cos α S Cos α + C Cos α
V=K Sin α S Cos α + C Sinα
D= K S + C ……from Case 1
RL of staff station (M)= RL of Inst. Axis + (V-h)
D
α =ANGLE OF ELEVATION
BY ---- MOHIT DUREJA

18. Distance and elevation formula with inclined sight
D=K Cos α S Cos α + C Cos α
V=K Sin α S Cos α + C Sinα
D= K S + C ……from Case 1
RL of staff station (M)= RL of Instrument Axis - (V+h)
α =ANGLE OF DEPRESSION
BY ---- MOHIT DUREJA

19. Q.) A tacheometer was set up at A and the readings on staff held
vertical at B were 1.215, 1.825, 2.435, the line of sight at
elevation of 6ᴼ30’. Calculate distance between them and RL of
point B if the RL of the sight is 350.700 m. ( K=100 ,C=0.35)
BY ---- MOHIT DUREJA