AmE Phonetic Maps

1. The PRINCIPAL PARTS of the VERB 'TO SPEAK'&
Its SIMPLE and COMPOUND TENSES
SIMPLE TENSES [+]
(verb phrase has 1 verb form)
A n v w S h o w s
bUDject agreement.
4,you,WeJhey
He,She,lt
l,You,WeJhey <j=>spoke
He,SheJt
Verb [ending] #
<=>speak_ [-0] 1.
<=> speaks [-s] 2.
[-ed/...] 3.
v o w e l c h a n g e - irreg.v.
P r e s e n t S i m p l e T e n s e [ + ]
P a s t S i m p l e T e n s e [ + ]
COMPOUND TENSES (+/-/!/ 1
(verb phrase usually has 2 - 4 verb forms )
V (help v e r b ) + V ( m a i n v e r b )
S u b j . O did « d O [-/!/?]
« d o e s ^
S u b j . <=!> would |<I=>wlll
should > shall
could
mighj^
can
ma^
PAST /PRESENT SIMPLE [-/!/?]
^
SPEAK [-0]
INFINITIVE l.i
o u g h t t o
S u b j . o had !c::^>have
i has SPOKEN I-ED/ E N ]
PAST PARTICIPLE 4.
C O N D I T I O N A L S / FUTURE
PAST / PRESENT PERFEa
S u b j was <=C>am
were , are
Is
A l l lenses: B E V-ED/-EN
SPEAKING i - i N G ]
PRESENT PARTICIPLE 5.
PAST/ PRESENT CONTIN.
A l l s i m p l e I n f i n i t i v e s [ l i ] a r e t h e s a m e a s t h e p r e s e n t s i m p l e t e n s e [1]
e x c e p t f o r t h e ' t o B E ' , T r a n s f o r m t i o n s : [ +/- ] P o s i t i v e o r N e g a t i v e s e n t .
[ I ] W i t h e m p h a t i c s t r e s s o n h e l p v. [ ] Q u e s t i o n w o r d o r d e r i n s e n t e n c e

2. (TO) BE #i' INFINITIVE
S <=> am/are # i present tense
S #2 Present Tense
S 6d> w a s / w e r e #3 Pnet tenee
B E E N #4 PAST PARTICIPLE
BEING #8 PRES. PARTIOIPLi
LM
tx.
was
were
had BEEN
Irreg, Verb-TENSES of t O
am
are
is
- ^ 1
4 3
^ have
has
mm
z
o
u
UJ
UJ
was
BEING
were
had BEEN BEiNg TBfiili beinq
tm
MODAL
would BE <=• vvillBE
2 ij
4
would HAVE BEEN < = • Will HAVE BEEN
would BE BEING , will BE.BEING
w o u l d HAVE BEEN B E I N G ^ - ^ w i l l BE! BEING
I
GT3.'BE

3. t
T H E MEANING of the VERB TENSES
EXPRESSED GRAPHICAIXY
0 P A S T T I M E P R E S E N T M O M E N T © i s T I C K I N G A W A Y F U T U R E T I M E ©
S i m p l e T e n s e
It h a p p e n e d t h e n
P r e s e n t S i m p l e T e n s e F u t u r e S i m p l e T e n s e
It h a p p e n s , ^ v e ^ y f I f II h a p p e n
• J
s o o n / l a t e r
Past C o n t i n u o u s
AAA/Wl
it w a s h a p p e n i n g
P r e s e n t C o n t i n u o u s T e n s e
I
F u t u r e C o n t i n u o u s
AAAAAA
w h i l e . . . I f s h a p p e n i n g
AAAAA/
r i g h t n o w I t w i l l b e h a p p e n i i g s o o n
F u t u r e P e r f e c t Tense I
It h a d h a p p e n e d T I t h a s h a p p e n e d .T I t w i l l h a v e h a p p e n e d b v ^
b e f o r e t h e . . . a l r e a d y '
S I M P L E T E N S E S : P A S T P R E S E N T F U T U R E
S h e w o r k e d t h e r e i n J a n . H e w o r k s f r o m 9 t o 5 W e w i l l w o r k i f . . .
C O N T I N U O U S T E N S E S :
H e w a s w o r k i n g w h e n w e c a m e . T h e y a r e w o r k i n g n o w . W e w i l l b e w o r k i n g this time tomorrow.
PERFECT TENSES
1 h a d w o r k e d a s ... b e f o r e 1... H e h a s n e v e r w o r k e d i n a... T h e y w i l l h a v e w o r k e d i t o u t b y n o o n .
TIME-TENSECART-BOX2