2. Learning Objectives
1a/1b
outcome 2 and 3
Understand components of fitness and apply
simple tests to measure these (Blood Pressure)
The heart, arteries, capillaries and veins
Respiratory rate (HR), cardiac output, gas
exchange
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Taking blood pressure (manual and auto)
3. PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
B lo o d V e s s e ls
• D e liv e r y s y s t e m o f d y n a m ic s t r u c t u r e s t h a t
b e g in s a n d e n d s a t t h e h e a r t
– A r t e r ie s : c a r r y b lo o d a w a y f r o m t h e h e a r t ;
o x y g e n a t e d e x c e p t f o r p u lm o n a r y c ir c u la t io n a n d
u m b ilic a l v e s s e ls o f a f e t u s
– C a p illa r ie s : c o n t a c t t is s u e c e lls a n d d ir e c t ly s e r v e
c e llu la r n e e d s
– V e in s : c a r r y b lo o d t o w a r d t h e h e a r t
3L 1 8 B lo o d v e s s e ls b y D N
4. F ig u r e 1 9 .2
L a r g e v e i n s
L a r g e
l y m p h a t i c
v e s s e l s
A r t e r i o v e n o u s
a n a s t o m o s is
L y m p h a t i c c a p i l l a r y
V e n u l e
A r t e r i o l e s
M u s c u l a r a r t e r i e s
E l a s t i c a r t e r i e s
S m a l l v e i n s
L y m p h
n o d e
C a p i l l a r i e s
( e x c h a n g e v e s s e l s )
L y m p h a t ic
s y s t e m
V e n o u s s y s t e m A r t e r ia l s y s t e m
H e a r t
4
L 1 8 B lo o d v e s s e ls b y D N
5. F i g u r e 1 8 . 5
O x y g e n - r i c h ,
C O 2 - p o o r b l o o d
O x y g e n - p o o r ,
C O 2 - r i c h b l o o d
C a p i l l a r y b e d s
o f l u n g s w h e r e
g a s e x c h a n g e
o c c u r s
C a p i l l a r y b e d s o f a l l
b o d y t i s s u e s w h e r e
g a s e x c h a n g e o c c u r s
P u l m o n a r y v e i n s
P u l m o n a r y a r t e r i e s
P u l m o n a r y
C i r c u i t
S y s t e m i c
C i r c u i t
A o r t a a n d b r a n c h e s
L e f t a t r i u m
H e a r t
L e f t v e n t r i c l eR i g h t a t r i u m
R i g h t v e n t r i c l e
V e n a e c a v a e
1 6L 1 6 H e a r t P a r t 1 b y D N
6. F ig u r e 1 9 .1 b
T u n i c a m e d i a
( s m o o t h m u s c l e a n d
e l a s t i c f i b e r s )
T u n i c a e x t e r n a
L u m e n
A r t e r y
L u m e n
V e i n
I n t e r n a l e l a s t i c l a m i n a
V a l v e
( b )
E n d o t h e l i a l c e l l s
B a s e m e n t m e m b r a n e
C a p i l l a r y
n e t w o r k
C a p i l l a r y
T u n i c a i n t i m a
• E n d o t h e l i u m
• S u b e n d o t h e l i a l l a y e r
6L 1 8 B lo o d v e s s e ls b y D N
7. F ig u r e 1 9 . 3 a
R e d b lo o d
c e ll in lu m e n
In t e r c e llu la r
c le f t
E n d o t h e lia l
c e ll
E n d o t h e lia l
n u c le u s
T ig h t j u n c t io n
B a s e m e n t
m e m b r a n e
( a ) C o n t in u o u s c a p illa r y . L e a s t p e r m e a b le , a n d
m o s t c o m m o n ( e .g ., s k in , m u s c le ) .
1 3L 1 8 B lo o d v e s s e ls b y D N
8. F a c t o rs A id in g V e n o u s R e t u r n
R e s p ira to r y “ p u m p ” : p r e s s u re c h a n g e s c re a te d d u r in g
b re a t h in g m o v e b lo o d to w a rd t h e h e a r t b y s q u e e z in g
a b d o m in a l v e in s a s t h o ra c ic v e in s e x p a n d
M u s c u la r “ p u m p ” : c o n t ra c t io n o f s k e le ta l m u s c le s “ m ilk ”
b lo o d to w a rd t h e h e a r t a n d v a lv e s p r e v e n t b a c k flo w
2 1L 1 8 B lo o d v e s s e ls b y D N
9. F i g u r e 1 9 . 7
V a l v e ( o p e n )
C o n t r a c t e d
s k e l e t a l
m u s c l e
V a l v e ( c l o s e d )
V e i n
D i r e c t i o n o f
b l o o d f l o w
2 2L 1 8 B lo o d v e s s e ls b y D N
10. M o n it o r in g C ir c u la t o r y E ffic ie n c y
• V ita l s ig n s : p u ls e a n d b lo o d p re s s u re , a lo n g w it h
re s p ira to r y ra te a n d b o d y te m p e ra t u re
• P u ls e : p re s s u re w a v e c a u s e d b y t h e e x p a n s io n a n d
re c o il o f a r te r ie s :
• n e e d to b e a b le to id e n t ify t h e fo llo w in g p u ls e s :
– R a d ia l p u ls e
– U ln a r p u ls e
– C a ro t id p u ls e
– B ra c h ia l p u ls e
– F e m o ra l p u ls e
– D o rs a l p e d a l p u ls e
– P o s te r io r t ib ia l p u ls e
2 5L 1 8 B lo o d v e s s e ls b y D N
11. CARDIAC OUTPUT
Co = stroke volume X Heart rate (min)
SV= 70ml approx
during exercise--> ??????
12. Calculate your Cardiac Output
Find your radial pulse
count your pulse over 15 seconds and multiply
by 4 to find Heart Rate per/minute
multiply heart rate by 70ml
COMPARE:
FIT VS UNFIT (50BPM VS 90BPM)
13. BLOOD PRESSURE
Survivor monday night???
Erik taken from the game for medical reasons...
blood pressure was: 100/70 mmHG
remember this...
14. WHAT IS BLOOD PRESSURE????
Is the force exerted by the blood against the
artery walls as it is pumped around the body.
Why is it important? Constant flow of blood
to all tissues.
No oxygen? DEAD
16. SYSTOLIC & DIASTOLIC
- BLOOD PUMPING CREATES WAVES. The
peaks are the systolic pressure and the low
points are the diastolic pressure (s/d)
- REMEMBER BY BEING A 'GANGSTA'
hand is a heart: open vs closed
- dis (you dissin me? Slap!!!) open hand
- Sys (YO sister “knock knuckles”) closed hand
17. Healthy and unhealthy blood
pressure
Normal--- 120/80 mmHG
High >140/100 mmHG
Low < 90/60 mmHG
ERIK from survivor was in starvation mode
with low blood pressure of 100/70 mmHG...
18. HIGH VS LOW BLOOD
PRESSURE
HYPERtension-
systole >140 and diastole > 100:
increased pumping of heart or narrowing or
arteries. Can be life threatening lead to heart
attacks- DEAD (number one killer in Aus)
HYPOtension-
systole < 90 diastolic:<60
SYMPTONS
-low BP can cause dizziness blackouts and
fainting from lack of blood to the brain,
19. Lets test our blood pressure...
One automatic spectrophotometer per group
I have batteries
Write your result on the board next to your
Heart beat.
20. Add your results...
NAME systole diastole Heart rate
p/min
Cardiac Output
CO= HR X SV
Mr Britton
Mr Davies