1) In the late 16th and 17th centuries, pirates operated independently from governments and as democracies, attacking Spanish ships for their gold and silver with the support of Queen Elizabeth I of England. 2) By the late 17th century, as Spanish ships declined and pirates began attacking British ships, they lost government support and were eliminated from many areas by 1730. 3) In Hawaii in the late 18th century, increased maritime contact with Europe brought new trade opportunities as well as germs, livestock, and weapons. The chief Kamehameha exploited these influences to conquer the islands and become their monarch.

1. American ColoniesPart OneLindsey MillerHistory 140

2. Ch 13 –Revolutions – “Pirates”Counterculture

3. Pirates became alienated from social convections and structures of authority

4. Wanted to live merrily

5. Pirating allowed for offended sailors to strike back on the operators of merchant ships

6. Crews codified rules in a written compact

7. Operated as democracies when deciding who commanded, where to sail and what to attackLate 16th and 17th CenturyEngland is a poor country with limited navyQueen Elizabeth I protects and encourages use of piracy to attack SpainPirates were able to steal gold and silverEnd of 17th Century