International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
LOW VOLTAGE RIDE - THROUGH CAPABILITY OF WIND FARMSEditor IJMTER
Nowadays wind turbines are generally required to offer ancillary services similar to those
provided by conventional generators. One of the most important services wind turbines must offer is
to stay connected to the grid in fault situations delivering the reactive current specified in the recent
grid codes. In this paper, FACTS solutions for fixed speed wind farms such as DVR (Dynamic
Voltage Restorer) are presented as well as classic control and crowbar solutions for variable speed
wind turbines.
Simulation and Comparison of DVR and DSTATCOM Used for voltage sag mitigation...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power Quality problem in a system leads to various disturbances such as voltage fluctuations, transients and waveform distortions that results in a mis-operation or a failure of end user equipment. There are different types of custom power devices like Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which can effectively use for mitigation of different type of power quality problems. This paper describes the technique of correcting the supply voltage sag distributed system and also describes performance comparison are presented between DVR and DSTATCOM to know how both the devices successfully been applied to power system for regulating system voltage effectively. DSTATCOM and DVR both of them based on VSI principle. A DVR is a series compensation device which injects a voltage in series with system and a DSTATCOM is a shunt compensation device which injects a current into the system to correct the power quality problems. This paper presents a power system operation with PI controller with abc to dq0 convertor approach. Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is also calculated for the system with and without compensation. Results are presented to assess the performance of devices as a potential custom power solution. Improve dynamic voltage control and thus increase system load ability. This paper presents modeling and simulation of DVR & DSTATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink.
Analysis of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Level of Distribution Network Usi...IJERA Editor
The modern sensitive, Non-linear and sophisticated load affects the power quality. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) provides the fast, flexible and efficient solution to improve the power quality for such distribution network [8]. The active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operations are the major source of affecting power quality. The intent of this paper is to demonstrate the improvements obtained with DVR in power system network using MATLAB/SIMULINK. In this paper, an overview of the DVR, its functions, configurations, components, control strategies are reviewed. The Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of DVR in Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The results showed clearly the performance of using DVR in improving THD level.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
LOW VOLTAGE RIDE - THROUGH CAPABILITY OF WIND FARMSEditor IJMTER
Nowadays wind turbines are generally required to offer ancillary services similar to those
provided by conventional generators. One of the most important services wind turbines must offer is
to stay connected to the grid in fault situations delivering the reactive current specified in the recent
grid codes. In this paper, FACTS solutions for fixed speed wind farms such as DVR (Dynamic
Voltage Restorer) are presented as well as classic control and crowbar solutions for variable speed
wind turbines.
Simulation and Comparison of DVR and DSTATCOM Used for voltage sag mitigation...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power Quality problem in a system leads to various disturbances such as voltage fluctuations, transients and waveform distortions that results in a mis-operation or a failure of end user equipment. There are different types of custom power devices like Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which can effectively use for mitigation of different type of power quality problems. This paper describes the technique of correcting the supply voltage sag distributed system and also describes performance comparison are presented between DVR and DSTATCOM to know how both the devices successfully been applied to power system for regulating system voltage effectively. DSTATCOM and DVR both of them based on VSI principle. A DVR is a series compensation device which injects a voltage in series with system and a DSTATCOM is a shunt compensation device which injects a current into the system to correct the power quality problems. This paper presents a power system operation with PI controller with abc to dq0 convertor approach. Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is also calculated for the system with and without compensation. Results are presented to assess the performance of devices as a potential custom power solution. Improve dynamic voltage control and thus increase system load ability. This paper presents modeling and simulation of DVR & DSTATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink.
Analysis of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Level of Distribution Network Usi...IJERA Editor
The modern sensitive, Non-linear and sophisticated load affects the power quality. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) provides the fast, flexible and efficient solution to improve the power quality for such distribution network [8]. The active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operations are the major source of affecting power quality. The intent of this paper is to demonstrate the improvements obtained with DVR in power system network using MATLAB/SIMULINK. In this paper, an overview of the DVR, its functions, configurations, components, control strategies are reviewed. The Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of DVR in Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The results showed clearly the performance of using DVR in improving THD level.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Sag mitigation in distribution system by using Dynamic voltage Restorer (DVR)IJERA Editor
Power quality is most important concern in the current age. It’s now a day’s necessary with the refined devices, where performance is very perceptive to the quality of power supply. Power quality crisis is an incidence manifest as a typical voltage, current or frequency that results in a failure of end use equipments. One of the major crises dealt here is the power sag. Perceptive industrial loads and distribution networks suffer from different types of service interruptions and outages which results in a major financial loss. To improve the power quality, custom power-devices are used. The device considered in this work is Dynamic Voltage Restorer. This paper shows modelling, analysis and simulation of a DVR test systems using MATLAB.
I have considered single line to ground fault for linear load. The role of DVR is to “compensate load voltage” is examined during the different fault conditions like voltage sag, single phase to ground faults.
Simulation of D-STATCOM to study Voltage Stability in Distribution systemijsrd.com
This paper presents the simulation of D-statcom to understand the improvement of voltage stability [1] of distribution system. The power circuits of the D-STATCOM and distribution networks are made up of simpower system blocks, while the control circuits made with the simulink blocks The STATCOM is applied to regulate transmission voltage to allow greater power flow in a voltage limited transmission network, in the same manner as a static var compensator (SVC), the STATCOM has further potential by giving an inherently faster response and greater output to a system with depressed voltage and offers improved quality of supply. The main applications of the STATCOM are; Distribution STATCOM (D-STATCOM) exhibits high speed control of reactive power to provide voltage stabilization and other type of system control. The DSTATCOM protects the utility transmission or distribution system from voltage sag and /or flicker caused by rapidly varying reactive current demand. During the transient conditions the D-STATCOM provides leading or lagging reactive power to active system stability, power factor correction and load balancing.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Low frequency ac transmission for power systems by Aamir SaleemAamir Saleem
Voltage instability is one of the major issue in
HVAC power network operating at 50 Hz frequency due to
limited power transfer capability and distance limit. The stable
operation of power system must be kept within limits to
increase the efficiency of power transmission system. In this
research Low Frequency AC (LFAC) transmission system has
been proposed as a new power transmission technology to
reduce the losses of transmission network and controlling the
reactive power using Flexible AC transmission device. A
LFAC Transmission lines operates at 16.7Hz frequency for
transmission of power from source to load and use two
Frequency converters at source and load side. The normal
operation of power system depends on the reactive power
flowing through the power transmission lines, which can be
adjusted by a flexible AC transmission device; Static
synchronous compensator. LFAC transmission lines with
STATCOM controller improve the Power system voltage
stability under various disturbances and enhance the power
transmission capability as compare to HVAC transmission.
The simulations are done in Matlab Simulink 2017a .The
Output of Matlab Simulink model shows that voltage will
become Stable and reactive power is compensated for best
performance for power system.
DVR with Artificial Intelligent Controller for Voltage Sag MitigationMohamed Khaleeel
This paper concludes that DVR is an effective device to compensate the voltage sag in power distribution systems. In term of DVR applications, although Mamdani-type and Sugeno-type share the same functions and rules, there are some distinctions between them.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
Comparison of Dynamic Stability Response of A SMIB with PI and Fuzzy Controll...ijeei-iaes
Consumer utilities are non –linear in nature. This injects increased flow of current and reduced voltage with distortions which cause adverse effect on the stability of consumer utilities. To overcome this problem we are using a modern Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System controller i.e. distributed power flow controller (DPFC). This controller is similar to UPFC, which can be installed in a transmission line between the two electrical areas. In DPFC, instead of the common Dc link capacitor three single phase converters are used. In this paper we are concentrating on system stability (oscillation damping). For analyzing the stability of a single machine infinite bus system (SMIB) we have used PI controlled Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) and Fuzzy controlled DPFC. All these models are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows Fuzzy controlled DPFC are better than PI controlled DPFC. The significance of the results are better stability and constant power supply.
Performance Assessment of IPFC with IDVR for Two Feeder Transmission systemsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Low voltage ride through control of modular multilevel converter based hvdc s...Ghazal Falahi
Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) is an important grid requirement for Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based HVDC links. This paper studies the performance of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) VSC based HVDC systems during faults or voltage dips and proposes a new control strategy to improve the LVRT performance. The proposed algorithm controls the system to generate the required active and reactive powers that are calculated mathematically based on the ratings of the MMC-HVDC system and LVRT requirements. The injected active and reactive power values obey the LVRT guidelines and are adaptable to different grid codes. The mathematical calculations are presented and EMTDC/PSCAD simulation evaluates the performance of the proposed method.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This article proposes a novel scheme to improve the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) behavior during grid fault. The DFIG’s are sensitives to voltage variations when abrupt variations of the wind velocity arrive. For enhancing DFIG behavior, protecting the converters, and smoothing the fluctuations power output of the DFIG under sag voltage; a novel hybrid energy storage system scheme and its controller are proposed. The main advantages of our approach are a faster response and suppressing overvoltage on DC bus and globally less stress in the storage system. The control structure decreases the tiredness on the battery and restores the DC bus voltage rapidly, globally the battery system operating time increases. The results obtained by simulations in MATLAB validate the benefits of the suggested control.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Sag mitigation in distribution system by using Dynamic voltage Restorer (DVR)IJERA Editor
Power quality is most important concern in the current age. It’s now a day’s necessary with the refined devices, where performance is very perceptive to the quality of power supply. Power quality crisis is an incidence manifest as a typical voltage, current or frequency that results in a failure of end use equipments. One of the major crises dealt here is the power sag. Perceptive industrial loads and distribution networks suffer from different types of service interruptions and outages which results in a major financial loss. To improve the power quality, custom power-devices are used. The device considered in this work is Dynamic Voltage Restorer. This paper shows modelling, analysis and simulation of a DVR test systems using MATLAB.
I have considered single line to ground fault for linear load. The role of DVR is to “compensate load voltage” is examined during the different fault conditions like voltage sag, single phase to ground faults.
Simulation of D-STATCOM to study Voltage Stability in Distribution systemijsrd.com
This paper presents the simulation of D-statcom to understand the improvement of voltage stability [1] of distribution system. The power circuits of the D-STATCOM and distribution networks are made up of simpower system blocks, while the control circuits made with the simulink blocks The STATCOM is applied to regulate transmission voltage to allow greater power flow in a voltage limited transmission network, in the same manner as a static var compensator (SVC), the STATCOM has further potential by giving an inherently faster response and greater output to a system with depressed voltage and offers improved quality of supply. The main applications of the STATCOM are; Distribution STATCOM (D-STATCOM) exhibits high speed control of reactive power to provide voltage stabilization and other type of system control. The DSTATCOM protects the utility transmission or distribution system from voltage sag and /or flicker caused by rapidly varying reactive current demand. During the transient conditions the D-STATCOM provides leading or lagging reactive power to active system stability, power factor correction and load balancing.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Low frequency ac transmission for power systems by Aamir SaleemAamir Saleem
Voltage instability is one of the major issue in
HVAC power network operating at 50 Hz frequency due to
limited power transfer capability and distance limit. The stable
operation of power system must be kept within limits to
increase the efficiency of power transmission system. In this
research Low Frequency AC (LFAC) transmission system has
been proposed as a new power transmission technology to
reduce the losses of transmission network and controlling the
reactive power using Flexible AC transmission device. A
LFAC Transmission lines operates at 16.7Hz frequency for
transmission of power from source to load and use two
Frequency converters at source and load side. The normal
operation of power system depends on the reactive power
flowing through the power transmission lines, which can be
adjusted by a flexible AC transmission device; Static
synchronous compensator. LFAC transmission lines with
STATCOM controller improve the Power system voltage
stability under various disturbances and enhance the power
transmission capability as compare to HVAC transmission.
The simulations are done in Matlab Simulink 2017a .The
Output of Matlab Simulink model shows that voltage will
become Stable and reactive power is compensated for best
performance for power system.
DVR with Artificial Intelligent Controller for Voltage Sag MitigationMohamed Khaleeel
This paper concludes that DVR is an effective device to compensate the voltage sag in power distribution systems. In term of DVR applications, although Mamdani-type and Sugeno-type share the same functions and rules, there are some distinctions between them.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
Comparison of Dynamic Stability Response of A SMIB with PI and Fuzzy Controll...ijeei-iaes
Consumer utilities are non –linear in nature. This injects increased flow of current and reduced voltage with distortions which cause adverse effect on the stability of consumer utilities. To overcome this problem we are using a modern Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System controller i.e. distributed power flow controller (DPFC). This controller is similar to UPFC, which can be installed in a transmission line between the two electrical areas. In DPFC, instead of the common Dc link capacitor three single phase converters are used. In this paper we are concentrating on system stability (oscillation damping). For analyzing the stability of a single machine infinite bus system (SMIB) we have used PI controlled Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) and Fuzzy controlled DPFC. All these models are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows Fuzzy controlled DPFC are better than PI controlled DPFC. The significance of the results are better stability and constant power supply.
Performance Assessment of IPFC with IDVR for Two Feeder Transmission systemsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Low voltage ride through control of modular multilevel converter based hvdc s...Ghazal Falahi
Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) is an important grid requirement for Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based HVDC links. This paper studies the performance of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) VSC based HVDC systems during faults or voltage dips and proposes a new control strategy to improve the LVRT performance. The proposed algorithm controls the system to generate the required active and reactive powers that are calculated mathematically based on the ratings of the MMC-HVDC system and LVRT requirements. The injected active and reactive power values obey the LVRT guidelines and are adaptable to different grid codes. The mathematical calculations are presented and EMTDC/PSCAD simulation evaluates the performance of the proposed method.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This article proposes a novel scheme to improve the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) behavior during grid fault. The DFIG’s are sensitives to voltage variations when abrupt variations of the wind velocity arrive. For enhancing DFIG behavior, protecting the converters, and smoothing the fluctuations power output of the DFIG under sag voltage; a novel hybrid energy storage system scheme and its controller are proposed. The main advantages of our approach are a faster response and suppressing overvoltage on DC bus and globally less stress in the storage system. The control structure decreases the tiredness on the battery and restores the DC bus voltage rapidly, globally the battery system operating time increases. The results obtained by simulations in MATLAB validate the benefits of the suggested control.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IMPLEMENTATION OF FUZZY CONTROLLED PHOTO VOLTAIC FED DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER...Wireilla
Power Quality(PQ) has become an area of concern in the electrical distribution system. Dynamic Voltage Restorer(DVR) restores load voltage to a nominal balanced sinusoidal voltage, when the source voltage has harmonic distortions, sag, swell and unbalances. In this paper a Photo Voltaic(PV) fed DVR is proposed to mitigate PQ problems. The PV system can supply the maximum power to the load at a particular operating point known as Maximum Power Point (MPP), at which the entire PV system operates with maximum efficiency. A Fuzzy Controller based MPPT is implemented to generate the optimal voltage from the photovoltaic system by modulating the duty cycle applied to the boost converter. The DVR is implemented using a Fuzzy Logic Controller based voltage source inverter with Photovoltaic system. The test system has been simulated and the efficacy of the proposed PV based Fuzzy controlled DVR is compared with Proportional Integral (PI) controlled DVR.
Implementation of Fuzzy Controlled Photo Voltaic Fed Dynamic Voltage Restorer...ijfls
Power Quality(PQ) has become an area of concern in the electrical distribution system. Dynamic Voltage
Restorer(DVR) restores load voltage to a nominal balanced sinusoidal voltage, when the source voltage
has harmonic distortions, sag, swell and unbalances. In this paper a Photo Voltaic(PV) fed DVR is
proposed to mitigate PQ problems. The PV system can supply the maximum power to the load at a
particular operating point known as Maximum Power Point (MPP), at which the entire PV system operates
with maximum efficiency. A Fuzzy Controller based MPPT is implemented to generate the optimal voltage
from the photovoltaic system by modulating the duty cycle applied to the boost converter. The DVR is
implemented using a Fuzzy Logic Controller based voltage source inverter with Photovoltaic system. The
test system has been simulated and the efficacy of the proposed PV based Fuzzy controlled DVR is
compared with Proportional Integral (PI) controlled DVR.
Improving Stability of Utility-Tied Wind Generators using Dynamic Voltage Res...IJMTST Journal
The generation of electricity using wind power is significantly increasing and has received considerable attention in recent years. One important problem with the induction generator based wind farms is that they are vulnerable to voltage disturbances and short circuit faults. Any such disturbance may cause wind farm outages. Since wind power contribution is in considerable percentage, such outages may lead to power system stability issues and also violate the grid code requirements. Thus, improving the reliability of wind farms is essential to maintain the stability of the system. The proposed strategy is to use Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), which is one of the promising devices to compensate the voltage disturbance and to improve the stability of the system. It provides the wind generator with the fault ride through capability and improves the reliability of the system. Fuzzy Logic controller is used as a controller in order to control the dc link voltages and to reduce the harmonics. Simulation results for a 2 MW wind turbine are presented, especially for asymmetrical grid faults. They show the effectiveness of the DVR in comparison to the low voltage ride-through of the DFIG using a crowbar that does not allow continuous reactive power production. Extensive simulation results are included to illustrate the operation of DVR and fault compensation.
Utilization of DVR with FLC to Inject Voltage in a Transmission LineIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Compensation of Single-Phase and Three-Phase Voltage Sag and Swell Using Dyna...IJAPEJOURNAL
DVR is a equipment which was connected in series and adjusting the loading voltage by feeding the voltage in system. The first installation was in 1996. usually DVR installed between sensitive loads feeder and source in distribution system .The main duty, fast support load voltage (by fast detection algorithm) during disturbance to avoid any disconnection. in this paper approaches to compensate for voltage sag and swell as a common disturbance in voltage transmission and distribution networks is presented. A dynamic voltage restorer based on the dq0 algorithm for three-phase and dynamic voltage restorer based on the average detection method for single-phase are discussed, also in this paper we compare the two methods used to compensate the single-phase and three-phase process. result of three-phase and single-phase voltage sag and swell simulation has been presented by MATLAB/SIMULINK.
POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING 5-LEVEL FLYING CAPACITOR MULTILEVEL CONVERTER...ijiert bestjournal
This paper present the use of five level flying cap acitor multilevel converters based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) on power distributio n system to decrease the power- quality disturbances in distribution system,such a s voltage imbalances,harmonic voltages,and voltage sags. This DVR based five mul tilevel topology is suitable for medium-voltage applications and operated by the con trol scheme based on the so called repetitive control. The organization of this paper has been divided into three parts;the first one eliminates the modulation high-frequency harmonics using filter increase the transient response. The second one deal with the lo ad voltage;and the third is flying capacitors charged with balanced voltages . The MATLAB Simulation results are presented to illustrate and understand the performa nces of DVR in supporting load voltage.
Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a device that can compensate harmonic, voltage sag and voltage swell condition that exists in a three-phase system. Other than that, DVR can also be used to enhance the energy efficiency or energy saving by reducing excessive amount of incoming power via the reduction incoming voltage at allowable limit. The DVR can inject the required voltage in the system so that the interruption of supply voltage can be compensated. The compensation of voltage supply interruption is improved based on the hysteresis voltage output of controller used in the DVR to detect the difference between reference voltage and disrupted voltage. The hysteresis voltage control mainly controlled by relays switching so that the signal can be sent to IGBT switches controller. The hysteresis voltage control and unipolar SPWM is supplied to control the IGBT switches by the DC supply for voltage interruption compensation. The unipolar SPWM technique converts the DC supply voltage into AC supplied voltage, thus making the DVR injection become easier to inject the AC voltage into the system to compensate voltage sag and voltage swell.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
• Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
• Information Engineering and Technology,
• Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
• Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
• Material and Chemical Engineering,
• Civil and Architecture Engineering,
• Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
• Environmental Engineering,
• Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
• Marine and Agriculture engineering,
• Aerospace Engineering.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
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Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
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LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
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Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
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Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
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To Graph or Not to Graph Knowledge Graph Architectures and LLMs
T34123128
1. M.Manohara, M.I.S.T.E, K.Vinod Kumar and Dr.T.Devaraju / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.123-128
123 | P a g e
Implementation of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Mitigation of
Voltage Sag
K.Vinod Kumar PG Scholar,M.ManoharaM.Tech., M.I.S.T.E and
Dr.T.Devaraju Ph.D.
Abstract
Power quality is one of major concerns
in the present. It has become important,
especially with the introduction of sophisticated
devices, whose performance is very sensitive to
the quality of power supply. The dynamic voltage
restorer (DVR) is one of the modern devices used
in distribution systems to improve the power
quality. In this paper, emergency control in
distribution systems is discussed by using the
proposed multifunctional DVR control strategy.
Also, themultiloop controller using the Posicast
and P+Resonant controllers is proposed in order
to improve the transient response and eliminate
the steady state error in DVR
response,respectively.The proposed process is
applied to some riots in load voltage effected by
induction motors starting, and a three-phase
short circuit fault. The three-phase short circuits,
and the large induction motors are suddenly
started then voltage sags areoccurred.The
innovation here is that by using the
Multifunctional Dynamic Voltage Restorer,
improve the power quality in distribution side.
Simulation results show the capability of the
DVR to control the emergency conditions of the
distribution systems by using
MATLAB/Simulink software.
Index Terms—Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR),
Power quality problems, posicast controller,
P+resonant controller.
I. INTRODUCTION
Modern power systems are complex
networks, where hundreds of generating stations and
thousands of load centers are interconnected through
long power transmission and distribution networks.
The main concern of customer is the quality and
reliability of power supply at various load centers.
Even though power generation is most well
developed countries is fairly reliable, the quality of
supply is not. In power system especially the
distribution system have numerous nonlinear loads,
which are significantly affecting the quality of
power supply. As a result, the purity of waveform of
supply lost. This ends up producing many power
quality problems [1].
Voltage sag and voltage swell are two of the most
important power-quality (PQ) problems that
encompass almost 80% of the distribution system
PQ problems.Short circuits, starting large motors,
sudden changes of load, and energizations of
transformers are the main causes of voltage sags.
Voltage sag is defined as a sudden reduction in
supply voltage to between 90% and 10% of the
nominal value, followed by a recovery after a short
interval. Voltage swell is defined as sudden
increases in supply between 110% and 180% of the
nominal value of the duration of 10 milli seconds to
1 minute. Switching off a large inductive load or
energizing a large capacitor bank is a typical system
even that causes swells to compensate the sag/swell
in a system; appropriate devices need to be installed
at suitable location [2] [3].
In this paper, a Multifunctional Dynamic
voltage Restorer protects the distribution side
voltage using Posicast and P+Resonant controllers
when the source of disturbance is the parallel
feeders.Posicast and P+ResonantControllers can be
used to improve the transient responseand eliminate
the steady-state error in DVR. The Posicast
controller is a kind of step function with two parts
and is used to improve the damping of the transient
oscillations initiated at the start instant from the
voltage sag. The P+Resonant controller consists of a
proportional function plus a resonant function and it
eliminates the steady-state voltage tracking error [4].
The remainder of this paper is organized as
follows: The basic arrangements of DVR and its
equations are provided in section II. The operation
of DVR using Posicast and P+Resonant controllers
has been presented in section III.Finally, the
simulation results are provided in section IV.
II. BASIC ARRANGEMENT AND
EQUATIONS RELATED TO DVR
A. DVR Arrangement
The basic arrangement of a DVR is shown
in fig.1. It is divided in to six categories: (i) Energy
Storage Unit: It is responsible for energy storage in
DC form. It is supplies the real power requirements
of the system when DVR is used for compensation.
(ii) Capacitor: DVR has a large DC capacitor to
ensure stiff DC voltage input to inverter. (iii)
Inverter: An Inverter system is used to convert dc
storage into ac form.(iv)Filter circuit: Before
injecting the inverter output to the system, it must be
2. M.Manohara, M.I.S.T.E, K.Vinod Kumar and Dr.T.Devaraju / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.123-128
124 | P a g e
filtered so that harmonics due to switching function
in the inverter are eliminated. (v)Voltage injection
transformers: it is used for voltage injection
purpose.(vi) By pass switch: it is used to protect the
inverter from high currents in the presence of faulty
conditions. [5].
Fig.1.Basic structure of DVR
B. Equations related to DVR
Fig 2.shows the equivalent circuit diagram
of DVR. The system impedance Zth depends on the
fault level of the load bus .when the system voltage
(Vth) drops, the DVR injects a series voltage Vdvr
through the injection transformer so that the desired
load voltage magnitude 𝑉𝐿 can be maintained. The
series injected voltage of the DVR can be written as
𝑉DVR = VLoad + ZLine ILoad − VSource (1)
Where
VLoad = Load side voltage
ZLine = Line impedance
ILoad = Load current
VSource = System voltage during fault condition.
The load current 𝐼𝐿 is given by,
𝐼𝐿=
PL+jQL
V
(2)
When VLoad is considered as a reference as a
equation can be rewritten as
𝑉𝐷𝑉𝑅 𝛼 = 𝑉𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 0 + 𝑍 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝛽 − 𝜃 − 𝑉𝑆𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝛿
𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛿are angles of𝑉DVR ,𝑍 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 , 𝑉𝑆𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 respectively
and 𝜃is power angle.
𝜃=tan−1 𝜃 𝑙
𝑝 𝑙
(3)
The complex power injection of the DVR can be
written as,
Sdvr = Vdvr IL (4)
It requires the injection of only reactive
power and the DVR itself is capable of generating
the reactive power [6].
III. OPERATION OF DVR USING
POSICAST AND P+RESONANT
CONTROLLERS
The DVR system shown in Fig. 1, controls
the load voltage by injecting an appropriate voltage
phasor(𝑉DVR ) in series with the system using the
injection series transformer. In most of the
sagcompensation techniques, it is necessary that
during compensation, the DVR injects some active
power to the system. Therefore, the capacity of the
storage unit can be a limiting factor in
compensation, especially during long-term voltage
sags.
The phasor diagram in Fig.3 shows the
electrical conditions during voltage sag. Voltages
𝑉1, 𝑉2and 𝑉𝑑𝑣𝑟 are the source-side voltage, the load
side voltage, and the DVR injected voltage,
respectively. Also, the operators I,𝜑, and𝛿are the
load current, the load power factor angle, the source
phase voltage angle, and the voltage phase advance
angle, respectively.
Fig 2.Equivalent circuit diagram of DVR
Fig. 3.Phasor diagram of the electrical conditions
during a voltage sag.
3. M.Manohara, M.I.S.T.E, K.Vinod Kumar and Dr.T.Devaraju / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.123-128
125 | P a g e
The Posicast controller is used in order to
improve the transient response. Fig. 4(a) shows a
typical control block diagram of the DVR. Note that
because in real situations, we are dealing with
multiple feeders connected to a common bus,
namely “the Point of Common Coupling (PCC)”. As
shown in the figure, in the open-loop control, the
voltage on the source side of the DVR is compared
with a load-side reference voltage so that the
necessary injection voltage is derived. A simple
method to continue is to feed the error signal into
the PWM inverter of the DVR. But the problem
with this is that the transient oscillations initiated at
the start instant from the voltage sag could not be
damped sufficiently. To improve the damping, as
shown in Fig. 8, the Posicast controller can be used
just before transferring the signal to the PWM
inverter of the DVR. The transfer function of the
controller can be described as follows:
1 + G S = 1 +
δ
1+δ
(e−S
Td
2 − 1) (5)
Where 𝜹 and 𝑇𝑑 are the step response
overshoot and the period of damped response signal,
respectively. It should be noted that the Posicast
controller has limited high-frequency gain; hence,
low sensitivity to noise [4].Posicast can be easily
constructed in MATLAB’s SIMULINK
environment by using the transport delay block. A
sample diagram is shown in Fig. 4(b) [4].
Fig. 4. Block diagrams for Posicast controller.
The Posicast controller works by pole
elimination and proper regulation of its parameters
is necessary. For this reason, it is sensitive to
inaccurate information of the system damping
resonance frequency. To decrease this sensitivity, as
is shown in Fig. 9, the open-loop controller can be
converted to a closed loop controller by adding a
multi loop feedback path parallel to the existing feed
forward path. Inclusion of a feed forward and a
feedback path is commonly referred to as two-
degrees-of freedom (2-DOF) control in the
literature. As the name implies, 2-DOF control
provides a DOF for ensuring fast dynamic tracking
through the feed forward path and a second degree
of freedom for the independent tuning of the system
disturbance compensation through the feedback
path. The feedback path consists of an outer voltage
loop and a fast inner current loop. To eliminate the
steady-state voltage tracking error, a
computationally less intensive P+Resonant
compensator is added to the outer voltage loop [7].
The ideal P+Resonant compensator can be
mathematically expressed as
GR S = 𝐾𝑃 +
2𝐾 𝐼 𝑆𝜔 𝑐𝑢𝑡
𝑆2+𝜔0
2+2𝜔 𝑐𝑢𝑡 𝑆
(6)
Where 𝜔 𝑐𝑢𝑡 is the compensator cutoff frequency.
Fig.5. shows the Multiloop control using the
PosicastandP+Resonant controllers.
Fig.5. Multiloop control using the Posicast and
P+Resonant controllers.
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
In this part, the proposed DVR topology
and control algorithm will be used for emergency
control during the voltage sag. The three-phase short
circuit and the start of a three-phase large induction
motor will be considered as the cause of distortion
in the simulations.
A. Under Study Test System
In this paper, the IEEE standard 13-bus
balanced industrial system will be used as the test
system. The one-line diagram of this system is
shown in Fig. 6.The test system is modeled in
MATLAB SIMULINK software. Control method of
Fig.5 was applied to control the DVR, and the
voltage, current, flux, and charge errors were
included as the figures show. A 12-pulse inverter
was used so that each phase could be controlled
separately. Detailed specifications of the DVR
4. M.Manohara, M.I.S.T.E, K.Vinod Kumar and Dr.T.Devaraju / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.123-128
126 | P a g e
components are provided in the Appendix. The plant
is fed from a utility supply at 69 kV and the Local
plant distribution system operates at 13.8 kV.
The local (in-plant) generator is
represented as a simple Thevenin equivalent. The
internal voltage, determined from the converged
power-flow solution, is 13.8∟-1.520 kV. The
equivalent impedance is the sub transient impedance
which is0.036+j∟1.3651 Ω. The plant power factor
correction capacitors are rated at 6000 kvar. As is
typically done, leakage and sequences resistance of
the bank are neglected in this study. The detailed
description of the system can be found in . In the
simulations, the DVR is placed between buses “5”
and “6.”
Fig. 6. Under Study test system.
B. Three-Phase Short Circuit
In this part, the three-phase short circuit is
applied on“bus- 9,” and the capability of the DVR in
protecting the voltage on “bus- 6” will be
studied.Singleline diagram is shown in fig. 7. The
DVR parameters and the control system
specifications are provided in Appendices A and B.
At t=205 ms, the fault is applied at t= 285 ms, and
the breaker works and separates the line between
buses “5” and “9” from the system. At t= 305 ms,
the fault will be recovered and, finally, at t=310 ms,
the separated line will be rejoined to the system by
the breaker. The simulation results are shown in Fig.
8. As can be seen in the figure, the rms voltage of
PCC drops to about 0.25 p.u. during the fault. It is
obvious that this remaining voltage is due to the
impedances in the system. The DVR will start the
compensation just after the detection of sag. As can
be seen in the enlarged figure, the DVR has restored
the voltage to normal form with attenuation of the
oscillations at the start of the compensation in less
than half a cycle. It is worth noting that the amount
and shape of the oscillations depends also on the
time of applying the fault. As can be seen in the
enlarged figure, the voltage value of phase B is
nearly zero; this phase has minimum oscillation
when the fault starts.
Fig.7.Single-line simulation diagram, when the 3-
phase short circuit occurred in Bus-9
C. Starting the Induction Motor
A large induction motor is started on bus
“5.”The motor specifications are provided in
Appendix C. The large motor starting current will
cause the PCC voltage (bus “5” voltage) to drop.
Simulation one line diagram is shown in fig. 9. The
simulation results in the case of using the DVR are
shown in Fig. 10. In this simulation, the motor is
started at t= 405 ms. As can be seen in Fig. 10, at
this time, the PCC rms voltage drops to about 0.8
p.u. The motor speed reaches the nominal value in
about 1 s. During this period, the PCC bus is under
voltage sag. From 1.4 s, as the speed approaches
nominal, the voltage also approaches the normal
condition. However, during all of these events, the
DVR keeps the load bus voltage (bus “6” voltage) at
the normal condition. Also, as can be seen in the
enlarged version of Fig. 10, the DVR has succeeded
in restoring the load voltage in half a cycle from the
instant of the motor starting.
5. M.Manohara, M.I.S.T.E, K.Vinod Kumar and Dr.T.Devaraju / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.123-128
127 | P a g e
(a)
. (b)
(c)
Fig. 8.Three-phase fault compensation by DVR. (a)
Three-phase PCC voltages. (b) Three-phase load
voltages. (c) RMS voltages of PCC and load.
Fig.9.Single-line simulation diagram, when the
induction motor is started at Bus-5.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig. 10.Starting of an induction motor and the DVR
compensation.(a) Threephase PCC voltages. (b)
Three-phase load voltages. (c) RMS voltages of
PCC
and load.
6. M.Manohara, M.I.S.T.E, K.Vinod Kumar and Dr.T.Devaraju / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.123-128
128 | P a g e
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, dynamic voltage restorer is
used for protect the load side voltage against sudden
changes in voltage amplitude. Also, improving the
transient response of DVR responce and eliminating
the steady-state error, the Posicast and P+Resonant
controllers are used. The simulation results verify
the effectiveness and capability of the proposed
DVR in compensating for the voltage sags caused
by short circuits and the large induction motor
starting.
APPENDIX
DVR Parameters:
Filter inductance (Lf) =1mH
Filter capacitance (Cf) =700μF
Inverter modulation ratio=21 mF
Kind of DVR inverter: 12 Pulse
DC-link capacitance: 26 mF
Entered resistance for current limiting: 3 ohms
Entered inductance for current limiting: 2 mH
Supply battery: 12 kV.
Control System Parameters:
δ =1
Td=41.56
Kp=1
Ki=100
W0=314rad/s
Wcut=1.0 rad
Induction Motor Parameters:
Rated power: 2.4 MVA
Rated voltage: 13.8 kV
Moment of inertia: 3.7267 sec
Number of rotor squirrel cages: 1
Base frequency: 50 Hz
Stator resistance: 0.0034 p.u.
Rotor resistance: 0.298 p.u
Stator inductance: 0.0102 p.u.
Rotor inductance: 0.05 p.u
Magnetizing inductance: 0.9 p.u.
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K.Vinod Kumar was born in
Muddanur, YSR District,AP,India, on July 09, 1988.
He received the B.Tech degree in EEE from
JNTUA,AP,India, in 2011. He is currently pursuing
the M.Tech degree in Electrical power systems, Sree
Vidyanikethan Engineering College,
Tirupati,AP,India.
E-mail:vinu.honny@gmail.com
M.Manohara was born in Chittoor,
AP,India, on 3rd
July 1977.He received the B.E
degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
from the university of Madras in 1999 and M.Tech
degree in Electrical Power Systems from
JNTUCE,Anantapur.
He is presently working as Associate professor in
department of EEE, SreeVidyanikethan Engineering
College, Tirupati. His interesting areas are Electrical
Machines, Power systems, Control systems, Power
quality, Non-conventional energy sources etc.
E-mail:muppirimanohar@yahoo.com
Dr.T.Devaraju is presently working as
HOD and professor in the department of EEE,
SreeVidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati.