This document summarizes a study on the durability of concrete mixtures containing fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) when exposed to sulfate and seawater environments. Five concrete mixtures were tested: a control concrete and concretes with 20% and 40% cement replaced by fly ash or GGBS. Cubes of each mixture were cured in water, seawater, or sulfuric acid solution for up to 60 days. Compressive strength and weight changes were measured. Results showed fly ash and GGBS concretes generally performed better than the control in seawater and acid exposures. Specifically, the 20% GGBS and 20% fly ash replacements showed the best durability
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Curing Methods and Their Effects on The Strength of ConcreteIJERA Editor
There are a lot of arguments on which method of curing concrete gives good strength. These different opinions results into this study, which aim at investigating the effects of different curing methods on the strength of concrete. Laboratory test was employed for this study. Normal concretes were prepared using specified mix ratio of 1:2:4 and 1:3:6. The cubes tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, 21, and 28 days of curing respectively using four curing methods namely immersion, sprinkling, polythene sheeting and sharp sand coating. Testing indicate that water immersion curing method as well as sprinkling (spraying ) methods of curing, provide better results than membrane (polythene sheeting) method of curing. While sharp sand gives least strength. The rate of drying was significant when the specimens were subjected to curing with polythene sheet method of curing. This thus hampered the hydration process and thus affected the compressive strength property of the hardened concrete. The overall findings of this study suggests that concrete should be cured by water immersion or spraying regularly to achieve a better compressive strength in concrete.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Curing Methods and Their Effects on The Strength of ConcreteIJERA Editor
There are a lot of arguments on which method of curing concrete gives good strength. These different opinions results into this study, which aim at investigating the effects of different curing methods on the strength of concrete. Laboratory test was employed for this study. Normal concretes were prepared using specified mix ratio of 1:2:4 and 1:3:6. The cubes tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, 21, and 28 days of curing respectively using four curing methods namely immersion, sprinkling, polythene sheeting and sharp sand coating. Testing indicate that water immersion curing method as well as sprinkling (spraying ) methods of curing, provide better results than membrane (polythene sheeting) method of curing. While sharp sand gives least strength. The rate of drying was significant when the specimens were subjected to curing with polythene sheet method of curing. This thus hampered the hydration process and thus affected the compressive strength property of the hardened concrete. The overall findings of this study suggests that concrete should be cured by water immersion or spraying regularly to achieve a better compressive strength in concrete.
An Experimental Study on Structural Grade Concrete Using Multi Mineral Admixt...IJERD Editor
Supplementary cementitious material (SCM) such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag
sand silica fume are extensively used in construction. A partial replacement of cement by mineral admixtures
such as, fly ash, GGBFS, silica fume (SF) in concrete mixes would help to overcome these problems and lead to
improvement in the durability of concrete. In this thesis of work, an attempt has been made to study the
mechanical properties of structural grade concrete using ternary blend.
compressive strength of concrete containing milled glass as partial substitut...IJAEMSJORNAL
This work reports the outcome of an experiment carried out by using milled glass (MG) of varying percentages (20%, 40% and 60% by weight)of cement in concrete making. MG was sourced for and milled to required fineness. The concrete was batched with mix ratio of 1։2։ 4. Concrete Cube specimens produced were allowed to cure for 7-28 days and compressive strength, slump and setting time tests were carried out and were compared with those of conventional concrete (0% MG). Results obtained showed that compressive strength of the concrete increased with increase in length of curing age, but decreased as the percentage of MG increased. However, the strength still remained in the allowable range of workability for concrete in line with British standard. MG replacement of 20% was found to be the most suitable mix considering the strength and safe use of the concrete. It was concluded that MG replacement of 20% showed no significant loss in strength compared to the control sample and is stable and could be acceptable in most concrete. At the long run. Waste glass that currently constitutes waste concern in built environment in Nigeria can best be managed through alternative use in concrete production.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Production and Utilization of Retarder from Hardwood Sawdustijtsrd
In this study, production of retarding admixture ASTM C494 Type B from hardwood sawdust and utilization on concrete by using various dosage of admixture was studied. In production of retarder as a local product lignosulphonates based retarding admixture was produced to investigate differences of test results by using admixtures. In this project, selected raw material was Pyin Ka do sawdust and sodium sulphite Na2SO3 was used as a cooking aid chemical liquor by heating at 110°C based on pulp and paper sulphite process. The mechanisms of action of lignosulphonate admixture in cement water systems are prescribed by five different types interaction between retarder and cement grains i Reduction in surface tension of water ii Adsorption iii Electrical repulsion iv Dispersion and v Deflocculation. These reactions cause delaying in setting time.In utilization of retarder on concrete, setting time of hydraulic cement paste, compressive strength of mortar and concrete were considered by using produced admixture dosage of 0.5 , 1 , 1.5 by weight of cement. The setting time testing of cement paste was made by using vicat needle penetration test, and compressive strength was tested with standard cubes. The test results of produced admixture were compared with ASTM C494 1993 . Compressive strength of mortar was tested with 3 inches cube and that of concrete was tested by 6 inches standard cube. For comparison of cost and results of produced admixture, commercial admixture 0.5 by weight of cement was tested. Nay Myo Kyaw Thu | Swe Swe Khaing "Production and Utilization of Retarder from Hardwood Sawdust" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27911.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/27911/production-and-utilization-of-retarder-from-hardwood-sawdust/nay-myo-kyaw-thu
RESIDUAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE AT ELEVATED TEMPERA...Ijripublishers Ijri
The extensive use of concrete as a structural material for the high rise buildings, storage tanks, nuclear reactors and
pressure vessels increase the risk of concrete being exposed to high temperatures. This has led to a demand to improve
the understanding of the effect of temperature on concrete. The behavior of concrete exposed to high temperature is a
result of many factors including the exposed environment and constituent materials.
Concrete structures are exposed to fire when a fire accident occurs. Damage in concrete structures due to fire depends
to a great extent on the intensity and duration of fire. The distress in the concrete manifests in the form of cracking and
spalling of the concrete surface.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Marine Sand as Partial Replacement of ...IJERA Editor
The process of depleting sources of natural aggregates challenges the production of technically and
environmentally adequate concrete. Alternative material from marine sources is good enough for the
replacement of fine aggregate in the concrete. The material was stockpiled in the open air and no washing,
drying or decontamination process was carried out. Physical and chemical properties of DMS material were
determined. All the materials used in the concrete were selected and tested as per the standard procedures of the
Indian standards. A unique design mix will be done based on the entire material test results. Different mixtures
were produced using DMS in different proportions from 15% to 100% as per the finalized trial of the design
mix. The concrete were submitted to compressive strength testsafter 7, 28 and 90 days of moist curing, as well
as flexure and splitting tensile strength tests for M-25 grade.
Effect of Relative Proportion of Pozzolana on Compressive Strength of Concret...CSCJournals
In this experimental and analytic research, the effect of curing regime on various combinations of silica fume and fly ash was investigated in terms of development of compressive strength. Over 24 mixes were prepared with the water-to-binder ratios of 0.45, 0.35 and 0.25 and with differing percentage of additives used as a combination of 2 or 3 binders. The specimens were subjected to five different curing regimes ranging from continuously water cured to continuously air cured. Results show that it is economical to use a combination of silica fume and fly ash rather than using only silica fume for attaining the same strength level. Poor curing condition adversely affect the strength characteristics of pozzolanic concrete than that of OPC concrete. For silica fume concrete, it is necessary to apply water curing for the initial 7 days to explore pozzolainc activity but it is imperative to cure the fly ash concrete for an extended period to utilize its full potential.
study on comparison of self curing of concrete by using normal coarse aggreg...Ijripublishers Ijri
Curing is the name given to the procedure used for promoting the hydration of the cement and consist a control of temperature
and moisture movement from the concrete. Curing allows continuous hydration of cement and consequently
continuous gain in the strength, once curing stops strength gain of the concrete also stops. Proper moisture conditions
are critical because the hydration of the cement virtually ceases when the relative humidity within the capillaries drops
below 80%. Proper curing of concrete structures is important to meet performance and durability requirements. In conventional
curing this is achieved by external curing applied after mixing, placing and finishing. Self-curing or internal
curing is a technique that can be used to provide additional moisture in concrete for more effective hydration of cement
and reduced self-desiccation. When concrete is exposed to the environment evaporation of water takes place and loss of
moisture will reduce the initial water cement ratio which will result in the incomplete hydration of the cement and hence
lowering the quality of the concrete.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Locally available Red soil were used for the experimental analysis to study the
effects of seawater impact in concrete structures with comparison of normal water in
terms of its strength properties and changes on the behavior of Red soil. M-20 & M-
30 concrete cubes were casted with 0.45 water-cement ratio. Casted Concrete cubes
are buried in red Soil near Costal zone to observe the Compressive strength and NDT
during 28th day and 84th day with addition of fly ash class-C of two different
proportions 20% & 30%. Totally 72 specimen were cast with normal water. The
highest value of compressive strength obtained is 35.13N/Sq.mm during 84th day for
Seawater curing in addition of fly ash class-C and lowest value is 15.57N/Sq.mm
during 84th day for seawater curing without fly ash
Physical and chemical properties of host environment to concrete structures have serious impact on
the performance and durability of constructed concrete facilities. This paper presents a 7-month study that
simulated the influence of soil contamination due to organic abattoir waste and indiscriminate disposal of spent
hydrocarbon on strength and durability of embedded concrete. Concrete mix, 1:1.5:3 was designed for all cube
and beam specimens with water-cement ratio of 0.5 and the compressive and flexural strengths of the specimen
were measured from age 28 days up to 196 days in the host environment. It was found that both host
environments attack the physical and strength of concrete in compression and flexure. However, hydrocarbon
had much greater adverse effect on the load-carrying capacity of concrete structures and hence make
constructed facilities less serviceable and vulnerable to premature failure.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An Experimental Study on Structural Grade Concrete Using Multi Mineral Admixt...IJERD Editor
Supplementary cementitious material (SCM) such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag
sand silica fume are extensively used in construction. A partial replacement of cement by mineral admixtures
such as, fly ash, GGBFS, silica fume (SF) in concrete mixes would help to overcome these problems and lead to
improvement in the durability of concrete. In this thesis of work, an attempt has been made to study the
mechanical properties of structural grade concrete using ternary blend.
compressive strength of concrete containing milled glass as partial substitut...IJAEMSJORNAL
This work reports the outcome of an experiment carried out by using milled glass (MG) of varying percentages (20%, 40% and 60% by weight)of cement in concrete making. MG was sourced for and milled to required fineness. The concrete was batched with mix ratio of 1։2։ 4. Concrete Cube specimens produced were allowed to cure for 7-28 days and compressive strength, slump and setting time tests were carried out and were compared with those of conventional concrete (0% MG). Results obtained showed that compressive strength of the concrete increased with increase in length of curing age, but decreased as the percentage of MG increased. However, the strength still remained in the allowable range of workability for concrete in line with British standard. MG replacement of 20% was found to be the most suitable mix considering the strength and safe use of the concrete. It was concluded that MG replacement of 20% showed no significant loss in strength compared to the control sample and is stable and could be acceptable in most concrete. At the long run. Waste glass that currently constitutes waste concern in built environment in Nigeria can best be managed through alternative use in concrete production.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Production and Utilization of Retarder from Hardwood Sawdustijtsrd
In this study, production of retarding admixture ASTM C494 Type B from hardwood sawdust and utilization on concrete by using various dosage of admixture was studied. In production of retarder as a local product lignosulphonates based retarding admixture was produced to investigate differences of test results by using admixtures. In this project, selected raw material was Pyin Ka do sawdust and sodium sulphite Na2SO3 was used as a cooking aid chemical liquor by heating at 110°C based on pulp and paper sulphite process. The mechanisms of action of lignosulphonate admixture in cement water systems are prescribed by five different types interaction between retarder and cement grains i Reduction in surface tension of water ii Adsorption iii Electrical repulsion iv Dispersion and v Deflocculation. These reactions cause delaying in setting time.In utilization of retarder on concrete, setting time of hydraulic cement paste, compressive strength of mortar and concrete were considered by using produced admixture dosage of 0.5 , 1 , 1.5 by weight of cement. The setting time testing of cement paste was made by using vicat needle penetration test, and compressive strength was tested with standard cubes. The test results of produced admixture were compared with ASTM C494 1993 . Compressive strength of mortar was tested with 3 inches cube and that of concrete was tested by 6 inches standard cube. For comparison of cost and results of produced admixture, commercial admixture 0.5 by weight of cement was tested. Nay Myo Kyaw Thu | Swe Swe Khaing "Production and Utilization of Retarder from Hardwood Sawdust" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27911.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/27911/production-and-utilization-of-retarder-from-hardwood-sawdust/nay-myo-kyaw-thu
RESIDUAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE AT ELEVATED TEMPERA...Ijripublishers Ijri
The extensive use of concrete as a structural material for the high rise buildings, storage tanks, nuclear reactors and
pressure vessels increase the risk of concrete being exposed to high temperatures. This has led to a demand to improve
the understanding of the effect of temperature on concrete. The behavior of concrete exposed to high temperature is a
result of many factors including the exposed environment and constituent materials.
Concrete structures are exposed to fire when a fire accident occurs. Damage in concrete structures due to fire depends
to a great extent on the intensity and duration of fire. The distress in the concrete manifests in the form of cracking and
spalling of the concrete surface.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Marine Sand as Partial Replacement of ...IJERA Editor
The process of depleting sources of natural aggregates challenges the production of technically and
environmentally adequate concrete. Alternative material from marine sources is good enough for the
replacement of fine aggregate in the concrete. The material was stockpiled in the open air and no washing,
drying or decontamination process was carried out. Physical and chemical properties of DMS material were
determined. All the materials used in the concrete were selected and tested as per the standard procedures of the
Indian standards. A unique design mix will be done based on the entire material test results. Different mixtures
were produced using DMS in different proportions from 15% to 100% as per the finalized trial of the design
mix. The concrete were submitted to compressive strength testsafter 7, 28 and 90 days of moist curing, as well
as flexure and splitting tensile strength tests for M-25 grade.
Effect of Relative Proportion of Pozzolana on Compressive Strength of Concret...CSCJournals
In this experimental and analytic research, the effect of curing regime on various combinations of silica fume and fly ash was investigated in terms of development of compressive strength. Over 24 mixes were prepared with the water-to-binder ratios of 0.45, 0.35 and 0.25 and with differing percentage of additives used as a combination of 2 or 3 binders. The specimens were subjected to five different curing regimes ranging from continuously water cured to continuously air cured. Results show that it is economical to use a combination of silica fume and fly ash rather than using only silica fume for attaining the same strength level. Poor curing condition adversely affect the strength characteristics of pozzolanic concrete than that of OPC concrete. For silica fume concrete, it is necessary to apply water curing for the initial 7 days to explore pozzolainc activity but it is imperative to cure the fly ash concrete for an extended period to utilize its full potential.
study on comparison of self curing of concrete by using normal coarse aggreg...Ijripublishers Ijri
Curing is the name given to the procedure used for promoting the hydration of the cement and consist a control of temperature
and moisture movement from the concrete. Curing allows continuous hydration of cement and consequently
continuous gain in the strength, once curing stops strength gain of the concrete also stops. Proper moisture conditions
are critical because the hydration of the cement virtually ceases when the relative humidity within the capillaries drops
below 80%. Proper curing of concrete structures is important to meet performance and durability requirements. In conventional
curing this is achieved by external curing applied after mixing, placing and finishing. Self-curing or internal
curing is a technique that can be used to provide additional moisture in concrete for more effective hydration of cement
and reduced self-desiccation. When concrete is exposed to the environment evaporation of water takes place and loss of
moisture will reduce the initial water cement ratio which will result in the incomplete hydration of the cement and hence
lowering the quality of the concrete.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Locally available Red soil were used for the experimental analysis to study the
effects of seawater impact in concrete structures with comparison of normal water in
terms of its strength properties and changes on the behavior of Red soil. M-20 & M-
30 concrete cubes were casted with 0.45 water-cement ratio. Casted Concrete cubes
are buried in red Soil near Costal zone to observe the Compressive strength and NDT
during 28th day and 84th day with addition of fly ash class-C of two different
proportions 20% & 30%. Totally 72 specimen were cast with normal water. The
highest value of compressive strength obtained is 35.13N/Sq.mm during 84th day for
Seawater curing in addition of fly ash class-C and lowest value is 15.57N/Sq.mm
during 84th day for seawater curing without fly ash
Physical and chemical properties of host environment to concrete structures have serious impact on
the performance and durability of constructed concrete facilities. This paper presents a 7-month study that
simulated the influence of soil contamination due to organic abattoir waste and indiscriminate disposal of spent
hydrocarbon on strength and durability of embedded concrete. Concrete mix, 1:1.5:3 was designed for all cube
and beam specimens with water-cement ratio of 0.5 and the compressive and flexural strengths of the specimen
were measured from age 28 days up to 196 days in the host environment. It was found that both host
environments attack the physical and strength of concrete in compression and flexure. However, hydrocarbon
had much greater adverse effect on the load-carrying capacity of concrete structures and hence make
constructed facilities less serviceable and vulnerable to premature failure.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
We’re all trying to find that idea or spark that will turn a good project into a great project. Creativity plays a huge role in the outcome of our work. Harnessing the power of collaboration and open source, we can make great strides towards excellence. Not just for designers, this talk can be applicable to many different roles – even development. In this talk, Seasoned Creative Director Sara Cannon is going to share some secrets about creative methodology, collaboration, and the strong role that open source can play in our work.
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...Brian Solis
From the impact of Pokemon Go on Silicon Valley to artificial intelligence, futurist Brian Solis talks to Mathew Parsons of World Travel Market about the future of travel, tourism and hospitality.
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsBarry Feldman
If your B2B blogging goals include earning social media shares and backlinks to boost your search rankings, this infographic lists the size best approaches.
Each technological age has been marked by a shift in how the industrial platform enables companies to rethink their business processes and create wealth. In the talk I argue that we are limiting our view of what this next industrial/digital age can offer because of how we read, measure and through that perceive the world (how we cherry pick data). Companies are locked in metrics and quantitative measures, data that can fit into a spreadsheet. And by that they see the digital transformation merely as an efficiency tool to the fossil fuel age. But we need to stretch further…
Study of Concrete Properties under Acid Attacksijtsrd
Acidic attack on concrete imparts a unique set of damage mechanisms and manifestations compared to other durability issues of concrete. Sulfuric acid attack limits the service life of concrete elements and, thus, results in increased expenditures for the repair or in some cases replacement of the whole structure. To date, there is lack of standardized tests for specifically evaluating the resistance of concrete to sulfuric acid attack, which has caused great variability, for example in terms of solution concentration, pH level control, etc., among previous studies in this area. Accordingly, there are conflicting data about the role of key constituents of concrete e.g. supplementary cementitious materials SCMs , and uncertainty about building codes' stipulations for concrete exposed to sulfuric acid. Hence, the first objective of this thesis was to assess the behaviour of the same concretes, prepared with single and blended binders, to incremental levels mild, severe and very severe of sulfuric acid solutions over 36 weeks. The test variables included the type of cement general use GU or portland limestone cement PLC and SCMs fly ash, silica fume and nano silica . The severe 1 , pH of 1 and very severe aggression 2.5 , pH of 0.5 phases caused mass loss of all specimens, with the latter phase providing clear distinction among the performance of concrete mixtures. The results showed that the penetrability of concrete was not a controlling factor, under severe and very severe damage by sulfuric acid attack, whereas the chemical vulnerability of the binder was the dominant factor. Mixtures prepared from PLC performed better than that of counterparts made from GU. While the quaternary mixtures comprising GU or PLC, fly ash, silica fume and nano silica showed the highest mass losses after 36 weeks, binary mixtures incorporating GU or PLC with fly ash had the lowest mass losses. S. Durgasravanthi | M. Krishna Kumar "Study of Concrete Properties under Acid Attacks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26392.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/26392/study-of-concrete-properties-under-acid-attacks/s-durgasravanthi
Introduction of concrete
Historic development
Composition of concrete
Advantages of concrete over other materials
Advances and future trends in concrete
Overview of Sustainability and Concrete development.
Improving the Properties of Self-compacted Concrete with Using Combined Silic...Pouyan Fakharian
The viscosity is the main property of self- compacted concrete (SCC) and using of pozzolan material such as metakaolin (MK) and Silica fume (SF) can help to achieve that goal. The effect of simultaneous substitution of MK and SF instead of cement on the rheological and mechanical properties of self-compacted concrete was experimentally investigated in this paper. Seventeen mix designs were cast with a substitution weight percentage (5, 10, 15, 20 %) in water to adhesive material ratio equal 0.32. All mixes were examined by compressive, tensile strengths and water absorption tests with an appropriate fluidity, without having signs of segregation or instability. The test results were indicated that the SCC mixes containing MK and SF had higher compressive and tensile strengths in comparison with no-pozzolan concrete. The comparison of linear multiple regression techniques (LMRT) and nonlinear multiple regression technique outputs with experimental results showed an appropriate similarity.
Fly Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete and Durability Study o...IJERD Editor
Cement production gives rise to CO2emissions generated by the calcinations of CaCo3 and by the
fossil, being responsible for about 5% of the Co2 emissions in the world. This can be substantially reduced if
cement replacement materials such as a fly ash are used Within the frame work of a comprehensive research
concerning this residual of coal industries, studied some durability characteristics of concretes made with Fly
ash. In this project report the results of the tests carried out on Sulphate attack on concrete cubes in water curing
along with H2SO4 solution. Also, aiming the use of fly-ash as cement replacement. The present experimental
investigation were carried on fly ash and has been chemically and physically characterized, and partially
replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% by weight of cement in concrete. Fresh concrete tests like
compaction factor test was hardened concrete tests like compressive Strength at the age of 28 days, 60 days, 90
days was obtained and also durability aspect of fly ash concrete for sulphates attack was tested. The result
indicates that fly ash improves concrete durability.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
1. A.H.L.Swaroop, K.Venkateswararao, Prof P Kodandaramarao / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.285-289
285 | P a g e
Durability Studies On Concrete With Fly Ash & Ggbs
A.H.L.Swaroop1
, K.Venkateswararao2
, Prof P Kodandaramarao3
1
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Gudlavalleru Engineering College,Gudlavalleru
2 Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Gudlavalleru Engineering College,Gudlavalleru
3
Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Gudlavalleru Engineering College,Gudlavalleru
ABSTRACT
Durability of concrete is defined as its
ability to resist weathering action, chemical
attack, abrasion or any other process of
detoriation. It also includes the effects of quality
and serviceability of concrete when exposed to
sulphate and chloride attacks.
Fly ash and Ground Granulated Burnt
Slag (GGBS) are chosen mainly based on the
criteria of cost and their durable qualities.,
Not only this, Environmental pollution
can also be decreased to some extent because the
emission of harmful gases like carbon monoxide
& carbon dioxide are very limited.
In this paper our study is mainly
confined to evaluation of changes in both
compressive strength and weight reduction in
five different mixes of M30 Grade namely
conventional aggregate concrete (CAC), concrete
made by replacing 20% of cement by Fly Ash
(FAC1), concrete made by replacing 40% of
cement by Fly Ash (FAC2), concrete made by
replacing 20% replacement of cement by GGBS
(GAC1) and concrete made by replacing 40%
replacement of cement by GGBS (GAC2).
The effect of 1% of H2SO4 and sea water
on these concrete mixes are determined by
immersing these cubes for 7days, 28days, 60days
in above solutions and the respective changes in
both compressive strength and weight reduction
had observed and up to a major extent we can
conclude concretes made by that Fly Ash and
GGBS had good strength and durable properties
comparison to conventional aggregate in severe
Environment.
Keywords: Durability, Flyash, GGBS, Strength,
Weight Changes, CAC, FAC1, FAC2, GAC1, GAC2.
I. INTRODUCTION
Now-a-days the most suitable and widely
used construction material is concrete. This building
material, until these days, went through lots of
developments. The definition of concrete is the
mixture of cement, water, additives or sometimes
super-plasticizers. It is artificial material. In the
beginning it is soft, ductile or fluid, and gradually
will be solid. We can consider this
building material as an artificial stone. The most
important part of concrete is cement. The production
process of this raw material produces a lot of CO2.
It is well known, that CO2 emission initiates
harmful environmental changes. Nowadays
researchers make efforts to minimize industrial
emission of CO2.
The most effective way to decrease the
CO2 emission of cement industry, is to substitute a
proportion of cement with other materials. These
materials called supplementary cementing materials
(SCM’s). Usually used supplementary cementing
materials are Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
(GGBS), Fly Ash (FA), Silica Fume (SF), Trass or
Metakaolin (MK).These are typically industrial by-
products, hence the application of SCM’s results
less CO2 during cement production. The SCM’s
provide other advantages and that is why the usage
in the concrete technology is more and more
general. The aim of our study is to get acquainted
with these SCM’s and to examine some features.
The most interesting feature is to increase chemical
resistance of concrete. We will focus in our
examinations on GGBS and FA. In our scientific
experiments we examine the influence of SCM’s on
weight loss and on the strength also. . In this study
we describe the results of examinations and
conclusions with GGBS & FA. We present the
experimental program the further activities and
works.
1.1 Durability
A long service life is considered
synonymous with durability. Since durability under
one set of conditions does not necessarily mean
durability under another, it is customary to include a
general reference to the environment when defining
durability. According to ACI Committee 201,
durability of Portland cement concrete is defined as
its ability to resist weathering action, chemical
attack, abrasion, or any other process of
deterioration; that is, durable concrete will retain its
original form, quality, and serviceability when
exposed to its environment. No material is
inherently durable; as a result of environmental
interactions the microstructure and, consequently,
the properties of materials change with time. A
material is assumed to reach the end of service life
when its properties under given conditions of use
have deteriorated to an extent that the continuing
2. A.H.L.Swaroop, K.Venkateswararao, Prof P Kodandaramarao / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.285-289
286 | P a g e
use of the material is ruled either unsafe or
uneconomical.
1.2 Environmental Related Causes of Concrete
Durability Problems
Durability problems related to
environmental causes include the following: steel
corrosion, delamination, cracking, carbonation,
sulphate attack, chemical attack, scaling, spalling,
abrasion and cavitation.
Important degradation mechanisms in concrete
structures include the following:
1. Freeze-thaw damage (physical effects,
weathering).
2. Alkali-aggregate reactions (chemical
effects).
3. Sulfate attack (chemical effects).
4. Microbiological induced attack (chemical
effects).
5. Corrosion of reinforcing steel embedded in
concrete (chemical effects).
a) carbonation of concrete
b) chloride induced
6. Abrasion (physical effects).
7. Mechanical loads (physical effects).
fig1: Degradation mechanisms in concrete structures
1.3 Sulphate Attack
Most soils contain some sulphate in the
form of calcium, sodium, potassium and
magnesium. They occur in soil or ground water.
Because of solubility of calcium sulphate is low,
ground waters contain more of other sulphates and
less of calcium sulphate. Ammonium sulphate is
frequently present in agricultural soil and water
from the use of fertilizers or from sewage and
industrial effluents. Decay of organic matters in
marshy land, shallow lakes often leads to the
formation of H2S, in which can be transformed in to
sulphuric acid by bacterial action. Water used in
concrete cooling towers can also be a potential
source of sulphate attack on concrete. Therefore
sulphate attack is a common occurrence in natural or
industrial situations.
Solid sulphates do not attack the concrete
severely but when the chemicals are in solution,
they find entry into porous concrete and react with
the hydrated cement products. Of all the sulphates
magnesium sulphate causes maximum damage to
concrete. A Characteristic whitish appearance is the
indication of sulphate attack. The term sulphate
attack denote an increase in the volume of cement
paste in concrete or mortar due to the chemical
action between the products of hydration of cement
and solution containing sulphates. In the hardened
concrete, calcium sulphoaluminate, forming within
the framework of hydrated cement paste. Because of
the increase in volume of the solid phase which can
go up to 227 percent, a gradual disintegration of
concrete takes place.
Another factor influencing the rate of
attack is the speed in which the sulphate gone into
the reaction is replenished. For this it can be seen
that when the concrete is subjected to the pressure of
sulphate bearing water on one side the rate of attack
is highest.
II. MIX PROPORTION
IS Code Method is used for Mix Design. The
final Mix proportion obtained for M30 grade
concrete is 1 : 1.21 : 2.77 (W/C is 0.45)
III. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
This experimental program consists of the
following steps:
o Collection of Materials
o Casting
o Curing
o Testing
o
3.1Collection of materials
The constituent materials used in this
investigation were procured from local sources.
These materials are used after conducting different
tests.The materials used are Cement, Flyash, GGBS,
Fine aggregate, Coarse aggregate,Water, The
compositions in various materials are as follows
Table 1: Chemical Composition of materials
Chemical
Constituent
Portland GGBS FA
CaO 65% 40% 55%
SiO2 20% 35% 30%
AI2O3 5% 10% 5%
MgO 2% 8% 5%
3. A.H.L.Swaroop, K.Venkateswararao, Prof P Kodandaramarao / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.285-289
287 | P a g e
3.2 Casting
Initially the constituent materials were
weighed and dry mixing was carried out for cement,
sand and coarse aggregate and admixtures. This was
thoroughly mixed manually to get uniform colour of
mix. The mixing duration was 2-5 minutes and then
the water was added as per the mix proportion. The
mixing was carried out for 3-5 minutes duration.
Then the mix poured in to the cube moulds of size
150 x 150x 150 mm and then compacted manually
using tamping rods.In this paper we mainly
Prepared five different mixes of M30 Grade namely
conventional aggregate concrete (CAC), concrete
made by replacing 20% of cement by Fly Ash
(FAC1), concrete made by replacing 40% of cement
by Fly Ash (FAC2), concrete made by replacing
20% replacement of cement by GGBS (GAC1) and
concrete made by replacing 40% replacement of
cement by GGBS (GAC2).
3.3 Curing
The cubes are demoulded after 1 day
of casting and then kept in respective solutions for
curing at room temperature with a relative humidity
of 85% the cubes are taken out from curing after
7days, 28 days and 60 days for testing.
Curing is a procedure that is adopted to promote
the hardening of concrete under conditions
of humidity and temperature which are conducive to
the progressive and proper setting of the constituent
cement. Curing has a major influence on the
properties of hardened concrete such as durability,
strength, water-tightness, wear resistance, volume
stability, and resistance to freezing and thawing.
Concrete that has been specified, batched, mixed,
placed, and finished can still be a failure if
improperly or inadequately cured. Curing is usually
the last step in a concrete project and, unfortunately,
is often neglected even by professionals.
Fig 2: Curing of Cubes in sea water
Fig 3: Curing of Cubes in H2SO4 solution
We casted 27 cubes of CAC concrete mix,
27cubes of FAC1 concrete mix, 27 cubes of FAC2
concrete mix, 27 cubes of GAC1 concrete mix, 27
cubes of GAC2 concrete mix. For each concrete mix
9 cubes are kept in three types of curing. These
cubes are tested after 7 days, 28 days and 60 days
and for testing 3 cubes are tested for specified
concrete mix and specified curing.
Fig 4: Curing of Cubes in normal water
3.4Testing
Cubes are tested after completion of curing
and for 7days these are tested by UTM with rate of
loading 14mpa/min and for 7days, 28 days and 60
days these are tested by CTM with a rate of loading
of 14mpa/min
IV. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Compressive strength studies:
Table 2: Comparision of Compressive Strengths
of Various Concretes cured in normal water
STREN
GTH
IN
N/mm2
CAC FAC1 FAC2 GAC1
GAC
2
7DAYS
29.8
2
26.68 27.9 29.54 29.03
28
DAYS
46 48.91 46.35 47.35 45.97
60
DAYS
46.6
6
49.33 47.46 47.91 46.4
4. A.H.L.Swaroop, K.Venkateswararao, Prof P Kodandaramarao / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.285-289
288 | P a g e
Fig 5: Comparison of Compressive Strengths of
Various Concretes cured in normal water
Table 3:Comparison of Compressive Strengths of
Various Concretes cured in seawater
Fig 6: Comparision of Compressive Strengths of
Various Concretes cured in seawater
Table 4: Comparision of Compressive Strengths of
Various Concretes cured in H2so4 solution
STRENG
TH IN
N/mm2
CAC FAC1 FAC
2
GAC
1
GAC2
7DAYS 24.68 28.19 26.38 25.3 23.87
28 DAYS 38.43 41.33 40.01 40.44 37.35
60 DAYS 40.44 44.26 40.89 45.78 39.10
Fig 7Comparision of Compressive Strengths of
Various Concretes cured in Sulphuric acid solution
Table 5 Comparison of weight losses when cured
in Sea Water:
WEIGHT
LOSS(gm)
CAC FAC1 FAC2 GAC1 GAC2
7DAYS 0 20 35 0 5
28 DAYS 0 35 45 10 15
60 DAYS 0 50 55 20 25
STRENG
TH IN
N/mm2
CAC FAC1 FAC2 GAC1 GAC2
7DAYS 22.3 21.86 24.77 21.08 22.03
28 DAYS 42.44 39.55 38.92 42.12 40.39
60 DAYS 42.7 43.55 40.24 43.11 41.28
5. A.H.L.Swaroop, K.Venkateswararao, Prof P Kodandaramarao / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.285-289
289 | P a g e
Fig8 Comparsion of Weight losses when cured in
sulphuric acid solution
Table 6 Comparison of weight losses when cured
in seawater
WEIGHT
LOSS(gm)
CAC FAC1 FAC2 GAC1 GAC2
7DAYS 0 30 40 0 10
28 DAYS 0 45 55 20 35
60 DAYS 0 55 60 40 45
Fig9 Comparsion of Weight losses when cured in
sulphuric acid solution
V. CONCLUSIONS
From the experimental work carried out
and the analysis of the results following
conclusions seem to be valid with respect to the
utilization of Fly Ash and GGBS.
The early strength is compared to less in fly
ash and GGBS concretes then conventional
aggregate concrete
The results of fly ash and GGBS concretes
when replaced with 20% of cement are more
than compared to CAC at the end of 28 days
and 60 days for normal water curing
In sea water curing the GGBS when replaced
with 20% of cement shows good response for
durability criteria
In H2SO4 solution curing the Fly Ash when
replaced with 20% of cement shows good
response for durability criteria
There is no weight loss in case of CAC
In case of weight loss GGBS offer more
resistance than fly ash
From our experimental work carried out as
the strength of fly ash concrete when replaced
with 20% cement is increased and the
strength of fly ash concrete when replaced
with 40% cement is decreased, we
recommend the use of fly ash between 20-
40% replacement with cement for better
results.
REFERENCES
[1] C. Marthong, T.P.Agrawal / International
Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August
2012, pp.1986-1991 _1986 |
[2] Effect of Fly Ash Additive on Concrete
Properties.
[3] Vinay S. Nikam and Vikram Y.
Tambvekar/Advanced Materials for
Construction of Bridges, Buildings, and
Other Structures III, Art. 13 [2003]Effect
of different supplementary cementitious
material on the microstructure and its
resistance against chloride penetration of
concrete
[4] K.SuvarnaLAtha, M.V.SeshagiriRao, V.
Srinivas Reddy /International Journal of
Engineering and Advanced Technology
(IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 –8958,Volume-2
Issue-2 December 2012
[5] M. S. Shetty. Concrete Technology.
S.Chand& Company Ltd., 2005, New
Delhi
[6] Zahir kuhail, The journal of Islamic
University gaza, volume 11,2003/Effect of
seawater on concrete strength for different
exposures
[7] C.Marthong / International Journal of
Engineering Research and
Applications(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012,
pp.1980-1985/Sawdust Ash (SDA) as
Partial Replacement of Cement