International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Treatability study of cetp wastewater using physico chemical process-a case s...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT FROM A BULK DRUG MANUFACTURING IND...Journal For Research
A study has been carried out on aerobic biological treatment of a bulk drug industrial effluent which is highly acidic in nature and shows high value of BOD5 (≈ 36000 mg/l), COD (≈ 84000 mg/l). Chemical treatment conducted for neutralizing the pH followed by biological treatment using a lab-scale reactor with acclimatized bacterial consortia isolated from natural soil has confirmed its feasibility for biological treatment. About 99% removal of COD from starting value of around 8000 mg/l has been achieved. The COD value in different hydraulic retention time (HRT) has been brought down to less than 100 mg/l in treated effluent, showing high removal of dissolved organics by aerobic biological treatment.
Treatability study of cetp wastewater using physico chemical process-a case s...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT FROM A BULK DRUG MANUFACTURING IND...Journal For Research
A study has been carried out on aerobic biological treatment of a bulk drug industrial effluent which is highly acidic in nature and shows high value of BOD5 (≈ 36000 mg/l), COD (≈ 84000 mg/l). Chemical treatment conducted for neutralizing the pH followed by biological treatment using a lab-scale reactor with acclimatized bacterial consortia isolated from natural soil has confirmed its feasibility for biological treatment. About 99% removal of COD from starting value of around 8000 mg/l has been achieved. The COD value in different hydraulic retention time (HRT) has been brought down to less than 100 mg/l in treated effluent, showing high removal of dissolved organics by aerobic biological treatment.
Oxidation of Acetaminophen by Fluidized-bed Fenton Process: Optimization usin...Oswar Mungkasa
prepared by M.C. Lu*, R.M. Briones**, and M.D.G. de Luna**, *** *Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan (E-mail: mmclu@mail.chna.edu.tw) ** Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, University of the Philippines, 1011 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines (Email: rowenambriones@yahoo.com) *** Department of Chemical Engineering, University for Urban Environments in Asia, 25-28 May 2011, Manila, Philippines. organized by International Water Association (IWA).
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Poster presented at a conference "Water Research at University of Oulu"Tero Luukkonen
Poster presented at a conference "Water Research at University of Oulu". The poster presents some disinfection results with peracetic acid in wastewater and sludge matrixes.
Water pollution is one of the environmental challenges facing the world society. Consequently, the pollutants both domestic and industrial wastewater are identified as an environmental threat. Hydrochar (HC) appears as a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution to this environmental threat. HC is the solid produced from the wet pyrolysis process for biomass that is rich in carbon in a sub-critical liquid phase, called the Hydro-Thermal Carbonization Process (HTC). This review aims to address the possibility of using HC as the most effective solution to the industrial wastewater. HTC has proven a greater yield than dry pyrolysis (30%-60% wt). To date, HC is listed as a promising lower-cost alternate adsorbent for removing wastewater pollutants. In Egypt for example, only few studies have been published investigating the properties of HC and its environmental applications. In this review, we will shed light on the preparation, characterization, and previous studies on the development and recent applications of HC. In addition, we will discuss the challenges to produce HC at a commercial scale. To the best of our knowledge, there is only few research studies addressing the HC production in the Middle East countries. Therefore, the door is still opened for more research on developing production techniques on HC from different biomass, and implementation in various environmental applications
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Enhancing the adsorption of disinfection by products onto activated carbon us...Ahmed Hasham
The removal of contaminants from consumable waters by the traditional water treatment techniques is highly difficult. Disinfection of water alludes to the inactivation or pulverization of unsafe living pathogenic beings, which living in the water. Occurrence of disinfection by products (DBPs) during disinfection normally demonstrates lethal impacts on human health. Granular activated carbon (GAC) has the oldest history of decreasing of organic matters, but its role is reducing by time. TiO2 is used to accelerate the removal of the DBPs. TiO2 nanoparticles have good adsorption phenomena on the removal of those organic compounds at various pHs and temperatures and give good results. This study proved that TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced the efficiency of GAC to remove DBPs from water. While the elimination of trihalomethanes (THMs), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) using 0.5 g of GAC was determined as 61.7, 69.8 and 83.2% respectively, the elimination of them by 0.1 g of TiO2 nanoparticles :GAC (1:1) was estimated as 100, 96 and 100%, respectively.
Fertilizer plant waste carbon slurry has been investigated after some processing as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes and phenols using columns. The results show that the carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from carbon slurry being porous and having appreciable surface area (380 m2/g) can remove dyes both cationic (meldola blue, methylene blue, chrysoidine G, crystal violet) as well as anionic (ethyl orange, metanil yellow, acid blue 113), and phenols (phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol) fruitfully from water. The column type continuous flow operations were used to obtain the breakthrough curves. The breakthrough capacity, exhaustion capacity and degree of column utilization were evaluated from the plots. The results shows that the degree of column utilization for dyes lies in the range 60 to 76% while for phenols was in the range 53-58%. The exhaustion capacities were quite high as compared to the breakthrough capacities and were found to be 217, 211, 104, 126, 233, 248, 267 mg/g for meldola blue, crystal violet, chrysoidine G, methylene blue, ethyl orange, metanil yellow, acid blue 113, respectively and 25.6, 72.2, 82.2 and 197.3 mg/g for phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol, respectively
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Evaluation of the levels of haloacetic acids in gharbiya governorate, egypt[#...Ahmed Hasham
The occurrence of haloacetic acids (HAAs) was studied in the drinking water samples from Gharbiya
governorate water treatment plants and its water supply network that served more than 5 million people. Drinking
water disinfection by-products are formed when a disinfectant reacts with natural organic matter and/or
bromide/iodide present in a raw water source. Trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids are the two most prevalent
classes of DBPs and are regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency as well as being subject to World
Health Organization guidelines due to their potential health risk. Drinking water samples were collected from 4
sites monthly over one year (2017-2018). The aims of the present study are to investigate the levels of HAAs in
Gharbiya governorate (middle of Delta Egypt) drinking water. monochloroacetic acid ranged from 6.8 to 32.5
µg/L, dichloroacetic acid ranged from 9.8 to 43.7 µg/L, and the trichloroacetic acid ranged from 6.5 to 31.8 µg/L,
the minimum values observed during winter 2018 and the maximum value observed during summer 2017., The
HAAs species values were complying with the Egyptian standard (Ministerial Decree No.458/2007) and as well
as WHO 2012) standards for drinking water
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Oxidation of Acetaminophen by Fluidized-bed Fenton Process: Optimization usin...Oswar Mungkasa
prepared by M.C. Lu*, R.M. Briones**, and M.D.G. de Luna**, *** *Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan (E-mail: mmclu@mail.chna.edu.tw) ** Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, University of the Philippines, 1011 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines (Email: rowenambriones@yahoo.com) *** Department of Chemical Engineering, University for Urban Environments in Asia, 25-28 May 2011, Manila, Philippines. organized by International Water Association (IWA).
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Poster presented at a conference "Water Research at University of Oulu"Tero Luukkonen
Poster presented at a conference "Water Research at University of Oulu". The poster presents some disinfection results with peracetic acid in wastewater and sludge matrixes.
Water pollution is one of the environmental challenges facing the world society. Consequently, the pollutants both domestic and industrial wastewater are identified as an environmental threat. Hydrochar (HC) appears as a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution to this environmental threat. HC is the solid produced from the wet pyrolysis process for biomass that is rich in carbon in a sub-critical liquid phase, called the Hydro-Thermal Carbonization Process (HTC). This review aims to address the possibility of using HC as the most effective solution to the industrial wastewater. HTC has proven a greater yield than dry pyrolysis (30%-60% wt). To date, HC is listed as a promising lower-cost alternate adsorbent for removing wastewater pollutants. In Egypt for example, only few studies have been published investigating the properties of HC and its environmental applications. In this review, we will shed light on the preparation, characterization, and previous studies on the development and recent applications of HC. In addition, we will discuss the challenges to produce HC at a commercial scale. To the best of our knowledge, there is only few research studies addressing the HC production in the Middle East countries. Therefore, the door is still opened for more research on developing production techniques on HC from different biomass, and implementation in various environmental applications
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Enhancing the adsorption of disinfection by products onto activated carbon us...Ahmed Hasham
The removal of contaminants from consumable waters by the traditional water treatment techniques is highly difficult. Disinfection of water alludes to the inactivation or pulverization of unsafe living pathogenic beings, which living in the water. Occurrence of disinfection by products (DBPs) during disinfection normally demonstrates lethal impacts on human health. Granular activated carbon (GAC) has the oldest history of decreasing of organic matters, but its role is reducing by time. TiO2 is used to accelerate the removal of the DBPs. TiO2 nanoparticles have good adsorption phenomena on the removal of those organic compounds at various pHs and temperatures and give good results. This study proved that TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced the efficiency of GAC to remove DBPs from water. While the elimination of trihalomethanes (THMs), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) using 0.5 g of GAC was determined as 61.7, 69.8 and 83.2% respectively, the elimination of them by 0.1 g of TiO2 nanoparticles :GAC (1:1) was estimated as 100, 96 and 100%, respectively.
Fertilizer plant waste carbon slurry has been investigated after some processing as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes and phenols using columns. The results show that the carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from carbon slurry being porous and having appreciable surface area (380 m2/g) can remove dyes both cationic (meldola blue, methylene blue, chrysoidine G, crystal violet) as well as anionic (ethyl orange, metanil yellow, acid blue 113), and phenols (phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol) fruitfully from water. The column type continuous flow operations were used to obtain the breakthrough curves. The breakthrough capacity, exhaustion capacity and degree of column utilization were evaluated from the plots. The results shows that the degree of column utilization for dyes lies in the range 60 to 76% while for phenols was in the range 53-58%. The exhaustion capacities were quite high as compared to the breakthrough capacities and were found to be 217, 211, 104, 126, 233, 248, 267 mg/g for meldola blue, crystal violet, chrysoidine G, methylene blue, ethyl orange, metanil yellow, acid blue 113, respectively and 25.6, 72.2, 82.2 and 197.3 mg/g for phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol, respectively
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Evaluation of the levels of haloacetic acids in gharbiya governorate, egypt[#...Ahmed Hasham
The occurrence of haloacetic acids (HAAs) was studied in the drinking water samples from Gharbiya
governorate water treatment plants and its water supply network that served more than 5 million people. Drinking
water disinfection by-products are formed when a disinfectant reacts with natural organic matter and/or
bromide/iodide present in a raw water source. Trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids are the two most prevalent
classes of DBPs and are regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency as well as being subject to World
Health Organization guidelines due to their potential health risk. Drinking water samples were collected from 4
sites monthly over one year (2017-2018). The aims of the present study are to investigate the levels of HAAs in
Gharbiya governorate (middle of Delta Egypt) drinking water. monochloroacetic acid ranged from 6.8 to 32.5
µg/L, dichloroacetic acid ranged from 9.8 to 43.7 µg/L, and the trichloroacetic acid ranged from 6.5 to 31.8 µg/L,
the minimum values observed during winter 2018 and the maximum value observed during summer 2017., The
HAAs species values were complying with the Egyptian standard (Ministerial Decree No.458/2007) and as well
as WHO 2012) standards for drinking water
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Treatability study of cetp wastewater using physico chemical process-a case s...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present study is focused on a Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) located at Umaraya, District Baroda. Waste water from about thirty five small and medium scale industries majorly comprising of chemical manufacturing and pharmaceutical industries are treated in this CETP. The incoming wastewater was collected and mixed to prepare samples. They were then oxidized by Fenton’s reagent (Fe2+/H2O2) reduction in COD and BOD were observed at different H2O2 and FeSO4 doses to determine the optimum values. Thereafter pretreated wastewater was subjected to filtration with ordinary charcoal and COD and BOD reductions were noted.COD and BOD reduction of 64.35% and 68.57% respectively was achieved by Fenton’s reagent and after filtration the values were well within the disposal standards. The results clearly indicate that conventional system should be replaced by physicochemical process like oxidation and filtration. Index Terms: CETP, COD and BOD reduction, Fenton’s Reagent, Charcoal Filtration
Performance evaluation of Effluent Treatment Plant of Dairy IndustryIJERA Editor
Dairy industry is among the most polluting of the food industries in regard to its large water consumption. Dairy
is one of the major industries causing water pollution. Considering the increased milk demand, the dairy
industry in India is expected to grow rapidly and have the waste generation and related environmental problems
are also assumed increased importance. Poorly treated wastewater with high level of pollutants caused by poor
design, operation or treatment systems creates major environmental problems when discharged to the surface
land or water. Various operations in a dairy industry may include pasteurization, cream, cheese, milk powder
etc. Considering the above stated implications an attempt has been made in the present project to evaluate one of
the Effluent Treatment Plant for dairy waste. Samples are collected from three points; Collection tank (CT),
primary clarifier (PC) and Secondary clarifier (SC) to evaluate the performance of Effluent Treatment Plant.
Parameters analyzed for evaluation of performance of Effluent Treatment Plant are pH, TDS, TSS, COD, and
BOD at 200C The pH, TDS, TSS, COD and BOD removal efficiency of Effluent Treatment Plant were 26.14 %,
33.30 %, 93.85 %, 94.19 % and 98.19 % respectively.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Distillery Wastewater Decontamination by the Fenton Advanced Oxidation MethodIJRES Journal
This study evaluated the effect of Fenton advanced oxidation process on the treatment of an industrial wastewater (distillery). The comparison of the effects of Fe2+ loadings, H2O2 dosages (2%(v/v)and 4%(v/v)), reaction temperature and reaction time, established optimum efficiency in terms of BOD and COD reductions. The best operating conditions for the treatment of the distillery wastewater containing 43.85 mg/L BOD concentration and 274.28 mg/L COD concentration in the raw effluent was 2% H2O2 dosage at constant loadings of Fe2+ (1.5 g), 80 oC pretreatment temperature, and 1 h reaction time. At this optimized condition, the BOD content reduced to about 35 mg/L (about 21% removal) and COD content reduced to about 53 mg/L (about 81% removal). There was a complete removal of the initial colour present in the wastewater after the treatment process. The process proved the ability to effectively reduce the COD content which when high in industrial wastewaters can lead to serious impacts to the environment.
Hydrogen Gas Production from Tannery Wastewater by Electrocoagulation of a Co...IOSRJAC
The performance of a continuous electrocoagulation (EC) process was investigated for tannery wastewater treatment using aluminum and iron electrodes. The effects of the operating parameters, such as current density, pH of solution and inlet flow rate, on pollutants removal efficiency and recovery of hydrogen gas were investigated in order to optimize process performance. In the case of aluminum electrodes, The results showed that for tannery wastewater with an influent pH adjusted at about 6, the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 73, 94, 100 and 51%, respectively. The energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 16% of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. However, in the case of iron electrodes, with effluent pH adjusted at about 7, , the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 67, 93, 100 and 46 %, respectively. And also, the energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 15 % of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. Thus, the operating costs for two cases were found to be 0.675 $/m3 wastewater. It could be seen that hydrogen gas production coupled with pollutants removal efficiency by EC continuous mode would be an effective approach for energy recovery and wastewater reutilization.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
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Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
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Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
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Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
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See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
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Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Empowering NextGen Mobility via Large Action Model Infrastructure (LAMI): pav...
T33108112
1. Prashant K. Lalwani, Malu D. Devadasan / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.108-112
108 | P a g e
Reduction Of Cod And Bod By Oxidation: A Cetp Case Study
Prashant K. Lalwani *, Malu D. Devadasan **
*Asst Professor in Civil Engineering Department, Ganpat University, Gujarat-384012, India
** Asst Professor in Civil Engineering Department, Ganpat University, Gujarat-384012, India
ABSTRACT
The present study is focused on a
Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP)
located at Umaraya, District Baroda. Waste
water from about thirty five small and medium
scale industries majorly comprising of chemical
manufacturing and pharmaceutical industries are
treated in this CETP. The incoming wastewater
was collected and segregated into three groups as
per their BOD/COD ratio. They were then
oxidized independently by two oxidants Fenton’s
reagent (Fe2+
/H2O2) and Sodium Hypochlorite
(NaOCl) and reduction in COD and BOD were
observed at different chlorine, H2O2, FeSO4 doses,
different pH values and contact time for
determining the optimum values. COD and BOD
values at optimized conditions for the two
oxidants were compared and observed that
maximum reduction of 64.35% and 68.57%
respectively was achieved by Fenton’s reagent.
The results clearly indicate that conventional
system should be replaced by advanced oxidation
process and Fenton’s reagent is a suitable choice.
Keywords - CETP, COD and BOD reduction,
Fenton’s Reagent, Optimum Conditions, Oxidation
I. INTRODUCTION
During the last few years the concept of
CETP for the different small and medium scale
industrial estates in the Gujarat state has developed
with a great speed. One of these CETP has been
established for the cluster of industries in western
side of Baroda district particularly between Padra
Taluka and Jambusar Taluka. M/s Enviro
Infrastructure Co. Ltd. (EICL), village Umaraya,
Taluka Padra has set up a Common Effluent
Treatment Plant (CETP). The plant is located on
Effluent Channel Road. The CETP was
commissioned on 1st May 2000. CETP was set up
to cater Small and Medium scale industries situated
in and around Padra & Jambusar Districts.
These small scale industries go on
expanding and as per the market demand they
change their processes also. Therefore the composite
wastewater strength on which a CETP is designed is
also getting changed in every couple of years.
Because of these changes in the parameters of the
composite wastewater it is observed that the present
CETP is not able to treat the composite effluent in
an efficient manner. It may happen that the entire
biological treatment along with the primary
treatment also gets totally and /or partially
disturbed. The study here is aimed for some
modifications in the CETP, for maintaining two of
the important parameter COD and BOD of the
treated waste water from CETP as they do not meet
the required GPCB (Gujarat Pollution Control
Board) disposal standards to discharge into ECP
(Effluent Channel Pipe) which is a closed effluent
channel that carries the effluent to Bay of Cambay.
This is achieved by oxidizing the
wastewater independently by two oxidants viz.
Fenton reagent (Fe2+
/H2O2) and Sodium
Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and comparing the results of
COD and BOD reduction between them. Such
advanced physico-chemical processes, can take
much higher fluctuating load and characteristics of
inlet effluent as compared to conventional biological
treatment methods.
1.1 Field Study
At present, there are 52 member units, out
of which only 35 member industries are discharging
their waste water at CETP. As only 35 industries are
working the study is carried out only for composite
waste water of these industries, discharged into
equalization tank of CETP. The following Table 1
shows the type of industries and their effluent
contributions.
Table 1 - Category of Industries and their
contribution to the CETP
Sr.
No
Category
No of
Industries
Effluent
flow
(m3
/d)
1
Chemical manufacturing
industries
25 144
2 Pharmaceutical industries 8 446
3
Glass manufacturing
industries
1 10
4 Others 1 0.4
Total flow 600.4
1.2 Present Condition of the CETP
CETP at Umaraya is provided for treatment
of about 52 member industries. The present CETP is
designed for 2250 m3
/d of flow. The present CETP
needs modification because though the quantity of
flow is very less (600.4 m3
/d) than the designed
capacity, the parameters like COD, BOD, NH3-N,
SS and oil & grease after final treatment comes out
to be 450,150, 87.8, 484 and 25mg/L respectively
which do not meet the GPCB disposal standard into
2. Prashant K. Lalwani, Malu D. Devadasan / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.108-112
109 | P a g e
ECP which are 250,100, 50, 100 and 20 mg/L
respectively.
The effluent is received from different industries
through a rubber lined tanker. Before the effluent is
loaded in the equalization tank, the effluent
parameters are measured and then only effluent is
loaded in the equalization tank. From here, the
effluent is lifted to Flash Mixer. At this tank,
continuous dosing of hydrated lime and Aluminum
Sulfate (Alum) slurry is added for flocculation and
coagulation. After mixing, the effluent is transferred
to Primary Settling Tank. As per original treatment
scheme (2250 m3
/day), two stage Aeration followed
by Secondary Clarifier treatment process was
provided. As the present effluent quantity is very
less only one compartment of Aeration Tank is used.
At tertiary treatment level, four Dual Media Filter
tanks and chlorination unit is provided.
Generally, conventional biological
treatment such as activated sludge is only able to
degrade below 1000 mg/L of COD. Thus, an
alternative treatment or pre-treatment of the
wastewater is required. There are many treatment
options available for the removal of pollutants
successfully such as stripping, carbon adsorption
and membrane process. However, due to cost
effectiveness, stringent regulatory limits and process
limitations, advanced oxidation process (AOP) is a
flexible technique towards enhancing the existing
system. AOP is capable of improving the
biodegradability of complex or recalcitrant
compounds. This process is based on the chemical
oxidation technologies that use hydroxyl radical
(•OH) generated in situ. The radical oxidizes the
organic and/or inorganic contaminants to produce
environmentally friendly fragments and eventually
to CO2 and H2O if sufficient reagents and time are
allowed. There are various ways of generating
hydroxyl radical and one such method is using
Fenton’s reagent. Fenton’s reaction is based on the
catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by
Ferrous ions (Fe2+
) to produce very reactive
hydroxyl radicals [1]:
Fe2+
+ H2O2 → Fe3+
+ OH-
+ OH•
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Materials
All chemicals employed in this study were
analytical grade. All solutions were prepared in
distilled-deionized water made on each experimental
day. Glassware used in this work was soaked with
HNO3 (~10%) for 24 h, and rinsed with distilled-
deionized water prior to drying. A chlorine stock
was made from 12% (100ml=12mg) sodium
hypochlorite (NaOCl). Hydrogen peroxide was
prepared by using the analytical grade (30% by wt.)
H2O2 as purchased. The ferrous sulphate
heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) was used as the source
of Fe2+
in the Fenton process. Solutions of NaOH
and HCl were used for pH adjustments.
2.2 Sample Preparation
Sampling and analysis of the raw waste
water coming from different industries was done by
taking grab sample. The waste water sample was
collected directly from tanker on approximately
weekly basis for segregation purposes. The raw
waste water sample was first collected and analyzed
for different parameters to determine the quality of
the incoming raw waste water and then was
segregated into three groups as per BOD/COD ratio
as shown in Table 2. Segregation of effluent means
separation as per effluent characteristics. It is a new
concept for wastewater minimization and optimizes
the operation cost [2].
Table 2 - Various Industries Categorized in Groups
Group BOD/COD Flow rate
A < 0.30 480.00 m3
/day
B 0.30-0.40 90.00 m3
/day
C >0.40 70.00 m3
/day
2.3 Experimental Procedure
2.3.1Oxidation by Sodium Hypochlorite
Batches of 100 ml volume of wastewater
sample of the three groups A, B and C were
prepared. Chlorine solutions of known strength were
prepared in de-ionized water in the range of
concentration 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ml. The residual chlorine
was found for the different chlorine concentrations
by iodometric method. Then by using the optimum
chlorine dose obtained for the three group’s residual
chlorine for varying pH from 4-7 was found.
Residual chlorine graph for varying chlorine doses
and pH was plotted as shown in Fig.1. Using the
optimum chlorine dose and pH range found for the
three groups, COD and BOD of the wastewater after
chlorination was determined by standard methods
and graph was plotted as shown in Fig.6. All the
samples were kept in the dark during chlorination to
prevent photolysis.
2.3.2 Oxidation by Fenton’s Reagent
For various batches of 100 ml volume
samples of wastewater for three groups A, B, C,
COD and BOD was determined by standard
methods for varying doses of H2O2 (1,3,5,10ml) to
obtain optimum dose. 1mg fixed amount of solid
ferrous sulfate was added to the solution and mixed
until complete dissolution. The contact time, pH and
temperature was kept constant to 40 minutes, 7.5
and 30o
C respectively. Similarly the process was
repeated for obtaining optimum pH and contact time
by using optimized H2O2 dose, pH, and contact time
as experiments proceed and keeping all other
quantities constant. The graphs of COD and BOD
were plotted as shown in Fig. 2,3, 4 & 5.Then by
using all the optimized parameters obtained above
3. Prashant K. Lalwani, Malu D. Devadasan / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.108-112
110 | P a g e
COD and BOD was again determined and graph
was plotted (Fig.6).
Similarly, 100 ml volume sample was
prepared by mixing A, B and C group wastewaters.
There initial COD and BOD was measured and then
treated with different H2O2 dose (3, 4,5ml) to obtain
optimum dose using 1mg FeSO4, 4 pH, 60 min
contact time and 32o
C temperature. This process
was repeated using optimum H2O2 dose for varying
FeSO4 dose (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2mg) and graph was plotted
(Fig.7). The sludge formation was 3ml.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
After optimization of chlorination and
Fenton’s reaction, COD and BOD reduced for three
segregated groups of wastewater by both processes
can be compared. Figures 3 and 10 shows the initial
COD and BOD level and reduced levels after
treatment. The COD reduction during chlorination
was 23.2%, 19.16%, 45.14% while BOD reduction
was 38.91%, 24.27%, 44.67% [3]. Whereas the
COD and BOD reduction during Fenton treatment
was 50.86%, 49.47%, 60% and 34.55%, 49.33%,
56.67% respectively. Furthermore COD and BOD
reduction during Fenton treatment of mixed
wastewater at optimized pH, H2O2 and FeSO4
dosing was found to be 64.35% and 68.57%
respectively [4, 5]. The results obtained clearly
indicates that there is no significant difference
between the COD and BOD reductions for
segregated and mixed wastewater but rather the
Fenton’s reagent was more effective for combined
wastewater. Thus in this case segregation concept
cannot be applied. The reduction in other parameters
like NH3-N, SS and oil & grease after treatment
with Fenton’s reagent of mixed wastewater came
out to be 45.76%, 75.43% and 17.32% respectively.
It is obvious from the above data that COD
and BOD reduction was achieved maximum during
Fenton’s treatment. The optimum pH, contact time,
H2O2 and FeSO4 dosing was found to be 4, 60 min,
4ml and 1mg respectively at temperature 32o
C for
the mixed wastewater [6]. The reduction achieved
by oxidation process was more than that achieved
by conventional biological treatment at CETP. It
shows that the organic loading coming from the
chemical and pharmaceutical industries is majorly
of non-biodegradable type. In any case 100 per cent
oxidation could not be achieved because all the
added oxidant molecules may not be available for
the oxidation of organic matter contributing to
COD. A portion of oxidant might have also been
used in the oxidation of some other metals (in low
concentrations) in the sample [7].
IV. CONCLUSION
From the above experiments we can
conclude that conventional biological treatment of
the CETP should be replaced with physico-chemical
process like advanced oxidation process as
incoming COD value is more than 1000mg/L
majorly consisting of non-biodegradable load. The
study showed that among the two oxidants Sodium
Hypochlorite and Fenton’s reagent, the latter is the
most efficient as the maximum COD and BOD
reduction was observed for this oxidant.
Figure 1: Residual Chlorine for varying Chlorine
doses and pH values
Figure 2: Optimization of H2O2 dosing
4. Prashant K. Lalwani, Malu D. Devadasan / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.108-112
111 | P a g e
Figure 3: Optimization of pH
Figure 4: Optimization of Contact Time
Figure 5: Optimization of pH
Figure 6: Comparison of Chlorination and Fenton’s
treatment process at optimized conditions
5. Prashant K. Lalwani, Malu D. Devadasan / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.108-112
112 | P a g e
Figure 7: Optimum H2O2 and Iron dosing for mixed
wastewater
V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to acknowledge CETP
Umaraya for the assistance rendered.
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