3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process where 3D objects are created by laying down successive layers of material under computer control. A digital 3D model is first designed using CAD software and sliced into layers. The 3D printer then deposits material layer by layer to build the physical object. Common materials used include plastics, metals, ceramics, and composites. 3D printing offers advantages over traditional manufacturing as it can create complex geometries and customized parts with less material waste. The technology is finding applications in industries like engineering, healthcare, fashion, and space exploration.