Training and development (T&D) aims to continuously improve employee competency and organizational performance. To compete effectively, firms must keep employees well trained through determining training needs. There are several issues with T&D including time constraints in training employees, high employee turnover rates, overwhelming employees with too much information from multiple training programs, inexperienced new employees who require significant on-the-job training, and catering training to the uniqueness of how each individual employee learns best. Common T&D challenges involve assigning effective mentors, ensuring training retention if employees change jobs, prioritizing essential training, and assessing individual training absorption.