This document explains the concept of a system and its basic components such as input, process, and output, highlighting the distinction between manual and computer-based information systems. It outlines the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) phases, which include requirements identification, solution design, coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance, along with various deployment strategies and models. Additionally, it details methods of gathering information during the initial requirements phase, such as observation, interviews, and prototyping.

1. Chapter 2
System development

2. What is a system?
A system is a collection of components that
interact to achieve a specific task.

3. A system Consist of 3 basic components
Input Process Output

4. Example: School
Input Process Output
Children,
Teachers.
Text Book,
Syllabus,
Management,
Building….
Teaching
and Learning
A well-educated students

5. Information System
A system which converts data into information is known as
an information system
Data Process Information

6. There are two types of information system
1. Computer based (Automated)
Ex: Contact List
2. Manual information systems
Ex: School register

7. 1. Manual System
In this type of a system all processes are done manually.
2. Computer based (Automated)
A system which converts data into Information using a
computer is known as a computer based information
system.

8. System development Life cycle (SDLC)
This has the following steps.
1. Identification of requirements
2. Designing the solution
3. Coding of the solution
4. Testing and debugging
5. Deployment of the system
6. Maintenance of the system

9. 1. Identification of requirements
At this stage the system analyst will study the existing system
There are several methods of gathering information. Some of them are as follows;
1. Observation – The initially existing workflow of the system is observed as it is by
visiting , to gather information.
E.g. - Observation of issuing of books in a library
2. Interviews - discuss matters related to personal attitudes openly, it is useful to
identify personal requirements.
E.g. - Meet Librarian
3. Questionnaires -
4. Document sample collection – previous documents are observed
5. Prototyping – A model of the proposed system to be implemented is developed
and demonstrated to the staff and users for feedback

10. 2. Designing the solution
Some activities related to the design process are as follows:
1. Identification of software and software architecture
2. User interface - what the user sees on the screen and preparation
for data storage
3. Identification of dependency of each sub-system
4. Deciding on the required hardware and software to run the system
5. Designing infrastructure for software, databases, user interfaces

11. 3. Coding of the solution
Suitable Languages are selected, making the code simple
and efficient

12. 4. Testing and debugging
The main objective of this phase is to resolve errors. There are several
steps
1) Unit Testing – each unit in the system is tested
2) Integration Testing
3) System Testing – complete system is tested
4) Acceptance Testing – Users are allowed to use the system so that either they
approve and accept the system or request future changes.


13. 5. Deployment of the system
Deployment (i.e. install and use) of the system which has been
tested and debugged is carried out at this stage.

14. There are different deployment approaches
to deploy a system. They are as follows:
Direct deployment
The existing system is totally terminated and the new system is
installed.
Parallel deployment
The existing and the new systems are used parallel for a certain
period.
Pilot deployment
Pilot deployment is about using the newly developed system in a
selected area.
Phased deployment
Here, the new system is deployed in stages. Success with each stage
leads to the next and in completing the new system, the old system is
completely replaced by the new.

15. 6. Maintenance of the system
A system once installed and in the use for a certain period,
needs to be maintained well.

16. System Development Life cycle Models
There are several models of Systems Development Life
Cycle. Each model facilitates the system development in
different ways. Some example models are:
1. Waterfall Model - linear development.
2. Iterative Incremental Model - smaller portions at a time
(incremental).
3. Prototyping Model
4. Spiral Model

17. Thank you
ICTATOZ

18. 2020 1st
paper

19. 2021 1st
paper
2021 2nd paper