The system development life cycle (SDLC) consists of 5 phases: 1) Planning, 2) Analysis, 3) Design, 4) Implementation, and 5) Maintenance. In the planning phase, project requests are reviewed and resources are allocated. During analysis, the current system is studied and user requirements are determined. In design, system details and hardware/software needs are developed. Next, implementation involves developing programs, testing the new system, training users, and converting to the new system. Finally, maintenance includes performing updates, monitoring performance, and ensuring security.

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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
1. Identify the steps of system development life
cycle
2. Describe each step of system development life
cycle
INFORMATION SYSTEM
Learning Outcome

2. 2
7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Collection of phases that contain set a group
of activities in the information system
development.

3. 3
Activities contain five (5) phases
3. Design
4.
Implementation
5.
Maintenance
1. Planning
2.
Analysis
7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

4. 4
4th phase: Implementation
1st phase: Planning
5th phase: Maintenance.
 Review project requests
 Prioritize project requests
 Allocate resources
 Identify project development
team
2nd phase: Analysis
 Conduct preliminary investigation
 Perform detailed analysis activities:
- Study current system
- Determine user requirements
- Recommend solution
3rd phase: Design
 Acquire hardware and
software, if necessary
 Develop details of the new
or modified system.
 Develop programs,
 Install and test new system
 Train users
 Convert to new system
. Perform maintenance activities
. Monitor system performance
. Evaluate system security
SDLC
(Major Activities)

5. 1st phase: Planning
• Begins when the steering committee
received a project request
• Committee members usually consists of five
to nine members
• example: mix of vice presidents, managers,
non-management users, and IT personnel
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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
1st phase: Planning
 Review project requests
 Prioritize project requests
 Allocate resources
 Identify project development team

6. 1. Conduct preliminary investigation
• Sometimes called the feasibility study
• Defines the problem - The main purpose is to determine the
exact nature of the problem or improvement & decide
whether it is worth pursuing.
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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
2nd phase: Analysis
2nd phase: Analysis
1. Conduct preliminary investigation
2. Perform detailed analysis activities:
- Study current system
- Determine user requirements
- Recommend solution

7. 1. Conduct preliminary investigation
• Interview the user who submitted the project request and
others users.
• Upon completion of the preliminary investigation, the
systems analyst writes the feasibility report to present the
team’s findings to the steering committee.
• Decide pursuing or not.
• Four (4) tests to evaluate feasibility of a project:
1. Operational feasibility
2. Schedule feasibility
3. Technical feasibility
4. Economic feasibility7
7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
2nd phase: Analysis

8. 2. Perform detailed analysis activities:
• Detailed analysis sometimes is called logical design
because the systems analysts develop the proposed
solution without regard to any specific hardware or
software.
• Involves three major activities:
(1) study how the current system works
(2) determine the users’ wants, needs & requirements
(3) recommend a solution.
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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
2nd phase: Analysis

9. 1. Acquire hardware and software
• The activity consists of four major tasks:
(1) identify technical specifications
(2) request vendor proposals
(3) test and evaluate vendor proposals
(4) make a decision
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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
3rd phase: Design
3rd phase: Design
1. Acquire hardware and software, if necessary
2. Develop details of the new or modified system

10. 2. Develop details of the new or modified system
• After the systems analyst identifies the data and
process requirements, the next step is to develop
detailed design specifications for the components in
the proposed solution.
• A detailed design sometimes is called a physical
design because it specifies hardware & software —
the physical components required — for automated
procedures.
• The activities include developing designs for the
databases, inputs, outputs & programs.
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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
3rd phase: Design

11. 4th phase: Implementation
• The purpose of this phase is to Construct or
build the new or modified system and then
deliver it to the user
• Four (4) major activities
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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
4th phase: Implementation
1. Develop programs
2. Install and test new system
3. Train users
4. Convert to new system

12. 1. Develop programs
• If the organization purchases packaged software (no
modifications required) the development team may skip this
activity.
• For custom software or packaged software, however,
programs are developed or modified either by an outside
firm or in-house.
• Programmers write or modify programs from the program
specification package created during the analysis phase.
• These program development follow an organized set of
activities known as the program development life cycle.
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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
4th phase: Implementation

13. 2. Install and test new system
• If the organization acquires new hardware or software,
someone must install and test it
• Tests performed during this step include:
1. unit tests - verifies that each individual program or object
works by itself.
2. systems tests - verifies that all programs in an application
work together properly
3. integration tests - verifies that an application works with
other applications.
4. acceptance tests - performed by end- users & checks the
new system to ensure that it works with actual data.
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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
4th phase: Implementation

14. 3. Train user
• Training involves showing users exactly how
they will use the new hardware and software in
the system.
• Some training takes place as one-on-one
sessions or classroom style lectures
• Other organizations use Web-based training,
which is a self-directed, self-paced online
instruction technique.
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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
4th phase: Implementation

15. 4. Convert to new system
• The final implementation activity is to change
from the old system to the new system.
• This change can take place using one or more
of the following conversion strategies:
1. direct
2. parallel
3. phased
4. pilot
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4th phase: Implementation
7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
4th phase: Implementation

17. 5th phase: Maintenance
• Provide ongoing assistance for an information
system after the system is implemented
• Three (3) major activities
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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
5th phase: Maintenance.
1. Perform maintenance activities
2. Monitor system performance
3. Evaluate system security

18. 1. Perform maintenance activities
• corrective maintenance
• adaptive maintenance
2. Monitor system performance
• perfective maintenance
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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
5th phase: Maintenance

19. 3. Evaluate system security
• All elements of an information system must be secure
from threats both inside and outside.
• Users should be allowed access only to the data and
information for which they are authorized (Maintain
confidentiality)
• Data should be secure so that intruders cannot alter,
damage, or steal data. (Ensure integrity and reliability)
• Networks need safeguards to prevent them from being
compromised. (Limited access to information)
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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
5th phase: Maintenance

20. Shelly, G.B., & Vermaat, M. (2012). Discovering computers:
Your interactive guide to the digital world. Boston, MA:
Course Technology/ Cengage Learning.
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REFERENCES
7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)