Information System Part 2

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7.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
1. Identify the steps of system development life
cycle
2. Describe each step of system development life
cycle
INFORMATION SYSTEM
Learning Outcome

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Collection of phases that contain set a group
of activities in the information system
development.

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Activities contain five (5) phases
3. Design
4.
Implementation
5.
Maintenance
1. Planning
2.
Analysis

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4th phase: Implementation
1st phase: Planning
5th phase: Maintenance.
 Review project requests
 Prioritize project requests
 Allocate resources
 Identify project development
team
2nd phase: Analysis
 Conduct preliminary investigation
 Perform detailed analysis activities:
- Study current system
- Determine user requirements
- Recommend solution
3rd phase: Design
 Acquire hardware and
software, if necessary
 Develop details of the new
or modified system.
 Develop programs,
 Install and test new system
 Train users
 Convert to new system
. Perform maintenance activities
. Monitor system performance
. Evaluate system security
SDLC
(Major Activities)

1st phase: Planning
• Begins when the steering committee
received a project request
• Committee members usually consists of five
to nine members
• example: mix of vice presidents, managers,
non-management users, and IT personnel
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1st phase: Planning
 Review project requests
 Prioritize project requests
 Allocate resources
 Identify project development team

1. Conduct preliminary investigation
• Sometimes called the feasibility study
• Defines the problem - The main purpose is to determine the
exact nature of the problem or improvement & decide
whether it is worth pursuing.
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2nd phase: Analysis
2nd phase: Analysis
2. Perform detailed analysis activities:
- Study current system
- Determine user requirements
- Recommend solution

• Interview the user who submitted the project request and
others users.
• Upon completion of the preliminary investigation, the
systems analyst writes the feasibility report to present the
team’s findings to the steering committee.
• Decide pursuing or not.
• Four (4) tests to evaluate feasibility of a project:
1. Operational feasibility
2. Schedule feasibility
3. Technical feasibility
4. Economic feasibility7
2nd phase: Analysis

2. Perform detailed analysis activities:
• Detailed analysis sometimes is called logical design
because the systems analysts develop the proposed
solution without regard to any specific hardware or
software.
• Involves three major activities:
(1) study how the current system works
(2) determine the users’ wants, needs & requirements
(3) recommend a solution.
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2nd phase: Analysis

1. Acquire hardware and software
• The activity consists of four major tasks:
(1) identify technical specifications
(2) request vendor proposals
(3) test and evaluate vendor proposals
(4) make a decision
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3rd phase: Design
3rd phase: Design
1. Acquire hardware and software, if necessary
2. Develop details of the new or modified system

2. Develop details of the new or modified system
• After the systems analyst identifies the data and
process requirements, the next step is to develop
detailed design specifications for the components in
the proposed solution.
• A detailed design sometimes is called a physical
design because it specifies hardware & software —
the physical components required — for automated
procedures.
• The activities include developing designs for the
databases, inputs, outputs & programs.
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3rd phase: Design

• The purpose of this phase is to Construct or
build the new or modified system and then
deliver it to the user
• Four (4) major activities
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1. Develop programs
2. Install and test new system
3. Train users
4. Convert to new system

1. Develop programs
• If the organization purchases packaged software (no
modifications required) the development team may skip this
activity.
• For custom software or packaged software, however,
programs are developed or modified either by an outside
firm or in-house.
• Programmers write or modify programs from the program
specification package created during the analysis phase.
• These program development follow an organized set of
activities known as the program development life cycle.
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2. Install and test new system
• If the organization acquires new hardware or software,
someone must install and test it
• Tests performed during this step include:
1. unit tests - verifies that each individual program or object
works by itself.
2. systems tests - verifies that all programs in an application
work together properly
3. integration tests - verifies that an application works with
other applications.
4. acceptance tests - performed by end- users & checks the
new system to ensure that it works with actual data.
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3. Train user
• Training involves showing users exactly how
they will use the new hardware and software in
the system.
• Some training takes place as one-on-one
sessions or classroom style lectures
• Other organizations use Web-based training,
which is a self-directed, self-paced online
instruction technique.
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4. Convert to new system
• The final implementation activity is to change
from the old system to the new system.
• This change can take place using one or more
of the following conversion strategies:
1. direct
2. parallel
3. phased
4. pilot
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5th phase: Maintenance
• Provide ongoing assistance for an information
system after the system is implemented
• Three (3) major activities
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5th phase: Maintenance.
1. Perform maintenance activities
2. Monitor system performance
3. Evaluate system security

1. Perform maintenance activities
• corrective maintenance
• adaptive maintenance
2. Monitor system performance
• perfective maintenance
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3. Evaluate system security
• All elements of an information system must be secure
from threats both inside and outside.
• Users should be allowed access only to the data and
information for which they are authorized (Maintain
confidentiality)
• Data should be secure so that intruders cannot alter,
damage, or steal data. (Ensure integrity and reliability)
• Networks need safeguards to prevent them from being
compromised. (Limited access to information)
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Shelly, G.B., & Vermaat, M. (2012). Discovering computers:
Your interactive guide to the digital world. Boston, MA:
Course Technology/ Cengage Learning.
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REFERENCES

Information System Part 2

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