SYNTAX Directed Translation PPT || Compiler Construction Zain Abid
The document discusses syntax-directed translation (SDT) which is a method of compiler implementation where source language translation is driven by the parser. SDT uses an augmented context-free grammar called an attribute grammar to control semantic analysis and translation. SDT translates a string into a sequence of actions by attaching actions to each rule of the grammar. The parsing process and parse trees are used to direct semantic analysis and translation of the source program according to the order specified by the semantic rules embedded in the grammar.
The document discusses the semantic analyzer phase of a compiler. It checks whether operations in a source program are semantically correct by verifying type compatibility and scope. Semantic analysis ensures declarations and statements make sense according to language rules. It may perform type conversions, error reporting, or using an intermediate representation between parsing and code generation.
This presentation contains:
About Monolithic and Procedural Programming and their features
Difference between Monolithic and Procedural Programming
Examples of Monolithic and Procedural Programming
Combine example of Monolithic and Procedural Programming
Data flow testing uses a program's control flow graph annotated with symbols like d, k, u to track the state of variables and identify anomalies. Static analysis can detect some anomalies but is insufficient on its own due to limitations in analyzing dynamic features like pointers, concurrency, and interrupts. The data flow model represents each statement as a node and links are weighted with sequences of symbols showing variable states to identify anomalies like ku that indicate bugs.
The document discusses quick sort, an algorithm for sorting arrays. Quick sort works by choosing a pivot element and partitioning the array around the pivot so that all elements less than the pivot come before it and all elements greater than the pivot come after. It then recursively applies the same approach to the sub-arrays on each side of the pivot. The document explains that the middle element is often used as the pivot and describes the partition algorithm in detail.
This document discusses ranking query results in databases to return the most relevant results. It addresses two common problems: empty answers, when a query returns no results, and many answers, when a query returns too many results. For empty answers, it proposes automated ranking functions to return approximately matching tuples without revising the query. For many answers, it adapts probabilistic information retrieval models to rank tuples based on global and conditional scores of specified and unspecified attributes. The document also describes implementing a ranking system with pre-processing, intermediate storage, and a query processing component.
Semantic scaffolds for pseudocode to-code generation (2020)Minhazul Arefin
They propose a method for program generation based on semantic scaffolds, lightweight structures representing the high-level semantic and syntactic composition of a program. By first searching over plausible scaffolds then using these as constraints for a beam search over programs, we achieve better coverage of the search space when compared with existing
techniques. We apply our hierarchical search method to the SPoC dataset for pseudocodeto- code generation, in which we are given line-level natural language pseudocode annotations
and aim to produce a program satisfying execution-based test cases. By using semantic scaffolds during inference, we achieve a 10% absolute improvement in top-100 accuracy
over the previous state-of-the-art. Additionally, we require only 11 candidates to reach the top-3000 performance of the previous best approach when tested against unseen problems, demonstrating a substantial improvement in efficiency.
States, state graphs and transition testinggeethawilliam
The document discusses software testing techniques using finite state machines and state graphs. It provides details on:
1) Defining states, inputs, transitions, and outputs in a state graph to model software behavior.
2) Implementing state graphs using state tables to encode inputs, specify transitions between states, and define outputs.
3) Identifying good properties of state graphs like having a specified transition for each state/input pair and ways to return to each state, as well as bad properties like equivalent states.
SYNTAX Directed Translation PPT || Compiler Construction Zain Abid
The document discusses syntax-directed translation (SDT) which is a method of compiler implementation where source language translation is driven by the parser. SDT uses an augmented context-free grammar called an attribute grammar to control semantic analysis and translation. SDT translates a string into a sequence of actions by attaching actions to each rule of the grammar. The parsing process and parse trees are used to direct semantic analysis and translation of the source program according to the order specified by the semantic rules embedded in the grammar.
The document discusses the semantic analyzer phase of a compiler. It checks whether operations in a source program are semantically correct by verifying type compatibility and scope. Semantic analysis ensures declarations and statements make sense according to language rules. It may perform type conversions, error reporting, or using an intermediate representation between parsing and code generation.
This presentation contains:
About Monolithic and Procedural Programming and their features
Difference between Monolithic and Procedural Programming
Examples of Monolithic and Procedural Programming
Combine example of Monolithic and Procedural Programming
Data flow testing uses a program's control flow graph annotated with symbols like d, k, u to track the state of variables and identify anomalies. Static analysis can detect some anomalies but is insufficient on its own due to limitations in analyzing dynamic features like pointers, concurrency, and interrupts. The data flow model represents each statement as a node and links are weighted with sequences of symbols showing variable states to identify anomalies like ku that indicate bugs.
The document discusses quick sort, an algorithm for sorting arrays. Quick sort works by choosing a pivot element and partitioning the array around the pivot so that all elements less than the pivot come before it and all elements greater than the pivot come after. It then recursively applies the same approach to the sub-arrays on each side of the pivot. The document explains that the middle element is often used as the pivot and describes the partition algorithm in detail.
This document discusses ranking query results in databases to return the most relevant results. It addresses two common problems: empty answers, when a query returns no results, and many answers, when a query returns too many results. For empty answers, it proposes automated ranking functions to return approximately matching tuples without revising the query. For many answers, it adapts probabilistic information retrieval models to rank tuples based on global and conditional scores of specified and unspecified attributes. The document also describes implementing a ranking system with pre-processing, intermediate storage, and a query processing component.
Semantic scaffolds for pseudocode to-code generation (2020)Minhazul Arefin
They propose a method for program generation based on semantic scaffolds, lightweight structures representing the high-level semantic and syntactic composition of a program. By first searching over plausible scaffolds then using these as constraints for a beam search over programs, we achieve better coverage of the search space when compared with existing
techniques. We apply our hierarchical search method to the SPoC dataset for pseudocodeto- code generation, in which we are given line-level natural language pseudocode annotations
and aim to produce a program satisfying execution-based test cases. By using semantic scaffolds during inference, we achieve a 10% absolute improvement in top-100 accuracy
over the previous state-of-the-art. Additionally, we require only 11 candidates to reach the top-3000 performance of the previous best approach when tested against unseen problems, demonstrating a substantial improvement in efficiency.
States, state graphs and transition testinggeethawilliam
The document discusses software testing techniques using finite state machines and state graphs. It provides details on:
1) Defining states, inputs, transitions, and outputs in a state graph to model software behavior.
2) Implementing state graphs using state tables to encode inputs, specify transitions between states, and define outputs.
3) Identifying good properties of state graphs like having a specified transition for each state/input pair and ways to return to each state, as well as bad properties like equivalent states.
Variables in C programming can have local, global, or formal (parameter) scope. [1] Local variables are declared within a function and can only be accessed within that function. [2] Global variables are declared outside of functions and can be accessed anywhere. [3] Formal parameters declared in a function signature take precedence over global variables of the same name within that function.
States, state graphs and transition testingABHISHEK KUMAR
The document discusses finite state machines and state graphs. Some key points:
- State graphs can model software behavior using states, inputs that cause transitions between states, and outputs.
- States represent conditions or attributes of what is being modeled. Transitions between states are caused by inputs.
- State graphs can be represented as state tables for clarity, with rows for each state and columns for each input.
- Finite state machines are useful for software testing as they provide models of software structure and behavior to design tests against.
Introduction to programming using mat abAhmed Hisham
This document provides an introduction to programming in MATLAB using MOOCs. It discusses:
1. How the rand function generates random numbers between 0 and 1, and how multiplication and addition can stretch or shift this range.
2. How to return multiple variables from a function using brackets, and how to call such a function assigning the results to multiple variables.
3. Examples of defining functions, subfunctions, and global variables in MATLAB.
White box testing involves testing internal paths, logic, and calculations of a program. It helps ensure data processing and calculations are correct by testing all paths and lines of code through techniques like path coverage and line coverage. McCabe's cyclomatic complexity metrics measure the number of independent paths in a program to help determine test coverage needs. Software qualification and reusability testing check if code and documentation meet standards to help with maintenance, reuse, and developing new software using existing code. While white box testing helps improve quality, it also has higher costs since it requires an experienced tester with knowledge of the internal program structure.
Introduction,Developing a Program, Program Development Life Cycle, Algorithm,Flowchart,Flowchart Symbols,Guidelines for Preparing Flowcharts,Benefits and Limitations of Flowcharts
This document discusses recursive problem solving, where a problem is broken down into smaller instances of the same problem. For a recursive procedure to work, it must have a base case - an input where the solution is already known. The procedure recursively applies itself to progressively smaller inputs until the base case is reached. This evaluation "spirals" inward until the base case output unwinds back to the original call. The example procedure g recursively counts down from its input n to 0 before returning 1.
This document summarizes a session on software engineering that covered basis path testing and cyclomatic complexity. It defines basis path testing as designing test cases to execute all linearly independent paths in a program based on its control flow graph (CFG). The CFG describes the program's control flow and can be constructed by representing statements as nodes and control transfers as edges. Cyclomatic complexity provides a way to determine the maximum number of independent paths and required test cases. It is calculated based on the number of edges and nodes in the CFG or bounded areas in the graph. The document outlines three methods for computing cyclomatic complexity from the graph properties.
An algorithm is a step-by-step process for solving a problem or completing a task. There are two main tools used to document algorithms: flowcharts and pseudocode. A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm that uses standardized symbols to show the sequence of steps, while pseudocode specifies the algorithm steps using natural language. The five steps in using a computer as a problem-solving tool are: developing an algorithm and flowchart, writing the program code, entering the program into the computer, testing and debugging the program, and running the program to obtain results.
Data of any application is always critical from a business perspective. If basic database operations such as insert, update delete are performed without testing database for consistency then there is a risk of entire system crash. Database testing is nothing but finding errors in the databases to eliminate them.
This document discusses the program development cycle and different programming paradigms. The program development cycle includes steps like analysis, design, coding, testing and debugging, and documentation. It then defines four major programming paradigms: imperative, functional, logic, and object-oriented. Each paradigm is described in terms of its approach, examples of languages that use it, and differences from the other paradigms.
Hybrid Knowledge Bases for Real-Time Robotic ReasoningHassan Rifky
This 3-year grant from the Army Research Office funded research into computation and implementation of nonmonotonic deductive databases at the University of Maryland. The research investigated efficient reasoning methods for situations with incomplete or uncertain information. Key areas studied included computing minimal models, stable models, well-founded models and circumscriptive databases using integer programming techniques. The research also explored partial instantiation methods, non-ground semantics, probabilistic databases, and view maintenance in deductive databases. The grant resulted in 49 publications in major journals and conferences.
This document discusses an approach for automatically checking the substitutability of components when software evolves. It proposes using labeled Kripke structures to abstract components and predicate abstraction to obtain finite behavioral models. Containment is checked using under- and over-approximations, while compatibility leverages dynamic assume-guarantee reasoning and regular language learning via the L* algorithm. The approach was implemented in the ComFoRT model checker and evaluated on an industrial communication software, demonstrating reuse of previous verification results for multiple upgrades. Future work includes symbolic analysis, liveness properties, and combining static and dynamic analysis.
This document outlines the requirements for System Programming Assignment 3, which involves writing a program to perform typesetting operations on text files. Students are asked to write a program that can handle XML-style tags for inserting characters, changing case, and reversing text. The program must be compiled into an executable called "Typeset" and process files according to the tags. Students must submit source code, a makefile, and a documentation report by the given deadline.
The document discusses semantic analysis in compiler design. It begins by introducing semantic analysis and its goals of ensuring a program has well-defined meaning and checking properties that aren't caught in earlier parsing phases, like variable declarations and type consistency. It then discusses implementing semantic analysis using an annotated abstract syntax tree and syntax-directed definitions. These attach attributes and semantic rules to symbols and productions in a context-free grammar. The document provides examples of simple semantic rules and building an attributed parse tree. It also discusses different types of attributes and syntax-directed translation schemes. Finally, it covers type checking as a key part of semantic analysis.
Overlapping optimization with parsing through metagrammarsIAEME Publication
This document describes techniques for improving the performance of a meta framework developed by combining C++ and Java language segments. The meta framework identifies and parses source code containing C++ and Java statements using a metagrammar. Bytecodes are generated from the abstract syntax tree and optimized using techniques associated with the metagrammar, such as constant propagation. Constant propagation identifies constant values and replaces variables with those values to simplify expressions and reduce unnecessary computations. Other optimizations discussed include function inlining, exception handling, and eliminating unreachable code through constant folding. The goal is to develop an optimized meta framework that generates efficient bytecodes for hybrid C++ and Java source code.
Regular Expression to Deterministic Finite AutomataIRJET Journal
This document discusses converting regular expressions to deterministic finite automata (DFA). It first provides background on regular expressions and DFAs. It then reviews several existing approaches for converting regular expressions to NFAs and then NFAs to equivalent DFAs using subset construction. The methodology section outlines the step-by-step process for this conversion. It begins with converting the regular expression to a non-deterministic finite automata (NFA) and then converting the NFA to an equivalent DFA. The results and discussion section evaluates limitations and applications. It concludes that regular expression to DFA conversion is well-understood and important for applications involving pattern matching and text parsing.
A switch statement allows a program to evaluate an expression and branch to different parts of code based on the resulting value. It provides an alternative to multiple if/else statements. The switch expression is compared to the values provided in each case, and if a match is found, the associated block of code is executed until a break statement. If no match is found, an optional default case is executed. Labels such as case and default are used to mark the different potential branches of code.
This document discusses query processing in a database system. It covers parsing queries, optimization to choose the most efficient evaluation plan, and executing the plan. Query optimization aims to minimize costs like I/O by choosing plans with the lowest estimated execution time. The document describes different algorithms for operations like selection, sorting, joins, and expression evaluation, and how equivalence rules and heuristics can transform queries into more efficient forms.
Variables in C programming can have local, global, or formal (parameter) scope. [1] Local variables are declared within a function and can only be accessed within that function. [2] Global variables are declared outside of functions and can be accessed anywhere. [3] Formal parameters declared in a function signature take precedence over global variables of the same name within that function.
States, state graphs and transition testingABHISHEK KUMAR
The document discusses finite state machines and state graphs. Some key points:
- State graphs can model software behavior using states, inputs that cause transitions between states, and outputs.
- States represent conditions or attributes of what is being modeled. Transitions between states are caused by inputs.
- State graphs can be represented as state tables for clarity, with rows for each state and columns for each input.
- Finite state machines are useful for software testing as they provide models of software structure and behavior to design tests against.
Introduction to programming using mat abAhmed Hisham
This document provides an introduction to programming in MATLAB using MOOCs. It discusses:
1. How the rand function generates random numbers between 0 and 1, and how multiplication and addition can stretch or shift this range.
2. How to return multiple variables from a function using brackets, and how to call such a function assigning the results to multiple variables.
3. Examples of defining functions, subfunctions, and global variables in MATLAB.
White box testing involves testing internal paths, logic, and calculations of a program. It helps ensure data processing and calculations are correct by testing all paths and lines of code through techniques like path coverage and line coverage. McCabe's cyclomatic complexity metrics measure the number of independent paths in a program to help determine test coverage needs. Software qualification and reusability testing check if code and documentation meet standards to help with maintenance, reuse, and developing new software using existing code. While white box testing helps improve quality, it also has higher costs since it requires an experienced tester with knowledge of the internal program structure.
Introduction,Developing a Program, Program Development Life Cycle, Algorithm,Flowchart,Flowchart Symbols,Guidelines for Preparing Flowcharts,Benefits and Limitations of Flowcharts
This document discusses recursive problem solving, where a problem is broken down into smaller instances of the same problem. For a recursive procedure to work, it must have a base case - an input where the solution is already known. The procedure recursively applies itself to progressively smaller inputs until the base case is reached. This evaluation "spirals" inward until the base case output unwinds back to the original call. The example procedure g recursively counts down from its input n to 0 before returning 1.
This document summarizes a session on software engineering that covered basis path testing and cyclomatic complexity. It defines basis path testing as designing test cases to execute all linearly independent paths in a program based on its control flow graph (CFG). The CFG describes the program's control flow and can be constructed by representing statements as nodes and control transfers as edges. Cyclomatic complexity provides a way to determine the maximum number of independent paths and required test cases. It is calculated based on the number of edges and nodes in the CFG or bounded areas in the graph. The document outlines three methods for computing cyclomatic complexity from the graph properties.
An algorithm is a step-by-step process for solving a problem or completing a task. There are two main tools used to document algorithms: flowcharts and pseudocode. A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm that uses standardized symbols to show the sequence of steps, while pseudocode specifies the algorithm steps using natural language. The five steps in using a computer as a problem-solving tool are: developing an algorithm and flowchart, writing the program code, entering the program into the computer, testing and debugging the program, and running the program to obtain results.
Data of any application is always critical from a business perspective. If basic database operations such as insert, update delete are performed without testing database for consistency then there is a risk of entire system crash. Database testing is nothing but finding errors in the databases to eliminate them.
This document discusses the program development cycle and different programming paradigms. The program development cycle includes steps like analysis, design, coding, testing and debugging, and documentation. It then defines four major programming paradigms: imperative, functional, logic, and object-oriented. Each paradigm is described in terms of its approach, examples of languages that use it, and differences from the other paradigms.
Hybrid Knowledge Bases for Real-Time Robotic ReasoningHassan Rifky
This 3-year grant from the Army Research Office funded research into computation and implementation of nonmonotonic deductive databases at the University of Maryland. The research investigated efficient reasoning methods for situations with incomplete or uncertain information. Key areas studied included computing minimal models, stable models, well-founded models and circumscriptive databases using integer programming techniques. The research also explored partial instantiation methods, non-ground semantics, probabilistic databases, and view maintenance in deductive databases. The grant resulted in 49 publications in major journals and conferences.
This document discusses an approach for automatically checking the substitutability of components when software evolves. It proposes using labeled Kripke structures to abstract components and predicate abstraction to obtain finite behavioral models. Containment is checked using under- and over-approximations, while compatibility leverages dynamic assume-guarantee reasoning and regular language learning via the L* algorithm. The approach was implemented in the ComFoRT model checker and evaluated on an industrial communication software, demonstrating reuse of previous verification results for multiple upgrades. Future work includes symbolic analysis, liveness properties, and combining static and dynamic analysis.
This document outlines the requirements for System Programming Assignment 3, which involves writing a program to perform typesetting operations on text files. Students are asked to write a program that can handle XML-style tags for inserting characters, changing case, and reversing text. The program must be compiled into an executable called "Typeset" and process files according to the tags. Students must submit source code, a makefile, and a documentation report by the given deadline.
The document discusses semantic analysis in compiler design. It begins by introducing semantic analysis and its goals of ensuring a program has well-defined meaning and checking properties that aren't caught in earlier parsing phases, like variable declarations and type consistency. It then discusses implementing semantic analysis using an annotated abstract syntax tree and syntax-directed definitions. These attach attributes and semantic rules to symbols and productions in a context-free grammar. The document provides examples of simple semantic rules and building an attributed parse tree. It also discusses different types of attributes and syntax-directed translation schemes. Finally, it covers type checking as a key part of semantic analysis.
Overlapping optimization with parsing through metagrammarsIAEME Publication
This document describes techniques for improving the performance of a meta framework developed by combining C++ and Java language segments. The meta framework identifies and parses source code containing C++ and Java statements using a metagrammar. Bytecodes are generated from the abstract syntax tree and optimized using techniques associated with the metagrammar, such as constant propagation. Constant propagation identifies constant values and replaces variables with those values to simplify expressions and reduce unnecessary computations. Other optimizations discussed include function inlining, exception handling, and eliminating unreachable code through constant folding. The goal is to develop an optimized meta framework that generates efficient bytecodes for hybrid C++ and Java source code.
Regular Expression to Deterministic Finite AutomataIRJET Journal
This document discusses converting regular expressions to deterministic finite automata (DFA). It first provides background on regular expressions and DFAs. It then reviews several existing approaches for converting regular expressions to NFAs and then NFAs to equivalent DFAs using subset construction. The methodology section outlines the step-by-step process for this conversion. It begins with converting the regular expression to a non-deterministic finite automata (NFA) and then converting the NFA to an equivalent DFA. The results and discussion section evaluates limitations and applications. It concludes that regular expression to DFA conversion is well-understood and important for applications involving pattern matching and text parsing.
A switch statement allows a program to evaluate an expression and branch to different parts of code based on the resulting value. It provides an alternative to multiple if/else statements. The switch expression is compared to the values provided in each case, and if a match is found, the associated block of code is executed until a break statement. If no match is found, an optional default case is executed. Labels such as case and default are used to mark the different potential branches of code.
This document discusses query processing in a database system. It covers parsing queries, optimization to choose the most efficient evaluation plan, and executing the plan. Query optimization aims to minimize costs like I/O by choosing plans with the lowest estimated execution time. The document describes different algorithms for operations like selection, sorting, joins, and expression evaluation, and how equivalence rules and heuristics can transform queries into more efficient forms.
GUI Programming in JAVA (Using Netbeans) - A ReviewFernando Torres
The powerpoint provides the user with a review of various concepts of GUI programming in JAVA. It covers various concepts like :
1. What is IDE ?
2. Various Methods and Properties of Components
3. Variable declaration
4. Data types
Etc
The document discusses several design patterns including Observer, State, Template Method, Memento, Command, Chain of Responsibility, Interpreter, Mediator, Iterator, Strategy, Visitor, Flyweight, and Singleton patterns. For each pattern, it provides the definition, participants, structure, intent, caveats, and examples.
1) The document presents a dependency-to-string translation model for a Chinese-Japanese statistical machine translation system.
2) The system achieves a BLEU score of 34.87 and a RIBES score of 79.25 on the Chinese-Japanese translation task, outperforming a baseline PBSMT system.
3) The dependency-to-string model uses two types of translation rules - HDR rules with generalized dependency fragments on the source side and strings on the target side, and H rules with single words on the source side.
IRJET - Pseudocode to Python Translation using Machine LearningIRJET Journal
This document describes a system that translates pseudocode written in natural language into executable Python code. It uses recurrent neural networks with sequence-to-sequence translation to first convert the pseudocode into an intermediate XML representation, and then recursively parses that XML to produce the final Python code. The system aims to help students learn programming by allowing them to test algorithms written in pseudocode. It was implemented using Keras and trained on a dataset containing pseudocode statements and their Python translations.
This document discusses various database query processing techniques including parsing and translation, optimization, and evaluation. It describes common operations like selection, sorting, joins, and expression evaluation. For each operation, it outlines different algorithms for implementing the operation, and factors like data size, indexing, and costs that go into choosing the most efficient algorithm. The goal of optimization is to find the lowest cost query evaluation plan by choosing the best algorithm for each operation.
This document discusses refactoring and metaprogramming. It provides an overview of topics including refactoring basics, refactoring tools in Squeak, and the implementation of the refactoring engine. The refactoring engine uses an abstract syntax tree to represent code and tree rewriting to specify transformations. Reflection is discussed, noting that while refactoring changes a system using itself, the refactoring engine builds its own abstraction layer rather than using the system's reflective capabilities.
This paper presents a natural language processing based automated system called DrawPlus for generating UML diagrams, user scenarios and test cases after analyzing the given business requirement specification which is written in natural language. The DrawPlus is presented for analyzing the natural languages and extracting the relative and required information from the given business requirement Specification by the user. Basically user writes the requirements specifications in simple English and the designed system has conspicuous ability to analyze the given requirement specification by using some of the core natural language processing techniques with our own well defined algorithms. After compound analysis and extraction of associated information, the DrawPlus system draws use case diagram, User scenarios and system level high level test case description. The DrawPlus provides the more convenient and reliable way of generating use case, user scenarios and test cases in a way reducing the time and cost of software development process while accelerating the 70 of works in Software design and Testing phase Janani Tharmaseelan ""Cohesive Software Design"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22900.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/22900/cohesive-software-design/janani-tharmaseelan
The document discusses various ABAP performance analysis tools including Code Inspector (SCI), Performance Trace (ST05), and Runtime Analysis (SE30).
Code Inspector performs static code analysis to identify potential performance and security issues. Performance Trace allows recording and analysis of database access, locking activities, and remote calls. Runtime Analysis provides insight into time spent in database vs ABAP code and analysis of internal table operations.
These tools each have benefits and limitations but together provide a comprehensive set of options for evaluating SQL statements, code execution paths, and identifying optimization opportunities at both the static code and runtime levels. Regular usage of these tools should be part of the development process.
This document discusses using finite automata for component testing. Component-based software engineering builds applications from existing software components. The goal is to facilitate testing by providing additional information with components. The document explains using unified modeling language (UML) diagrams like use case, activity, and collaboration diagrams to model the application workflow. It then covers testing the application using non-deterministic finite automata (NFA) and deterministic finite automata (DFA) based testing to check all paths and find errors. The finite automata models are used to test that the application functions as intended.
Class Diagram Extraction from Textual Requirements Using NLP Techniquesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document presents a new method for extracting class diagrams from textual requirements using natural language processing (NLP) techniques. It proposes the Requirements Analysis and Class diagram Extraction (RACE) system, which uses tools like the OpenNLP parser, a stemming algorithm, and WordNet to extract concepts and identify classes, attributes and relationships. The RACE system applies heuristic rules and a domain ontology to the output of the NLP tools to refine and finalize the extracted class diagram. The paper concludes that the RACE system demonstrates the effective use of NLP techniques to automate the extraction of class diagrams from informal natural language requirements specifications.
Generative AI Application Development using LangChain and LangFlowGene Leybzon
LangChain and LangFlow are tools for developing applications using large language models (LLMs). LangChain provides libraries, templates, and tools to facilitate building context-aware systems using LLMs from prototype to production. It includes components, chains to process data, and LangSmith for debugging models. LangFlow is a GUI for LangChain. The presentation demonstrates LangChain's chat capabilities and use of tools/agents. It discusses building applications with LangChain and deploying them via LangServe APIs. LangChain aims to enhance LLM utility by making them more reasoning and context-aware.
The document discusses concepts related to sequence control and subprograms in programming languages. It covers conditional statements, loops, exception handling, subprogram definition and activation, and subprogram environments. Key points include implicit and explicit sequence control using statements, precedence and associativity rules for expressions, stack-based implementation of subprogram calls, and static versus dynamic scoping of identifiers through referencing environments.
Similar to SYNTAX Directed Translation Report || Compiler Construction (20)
Cyber security refers to protecting online information and securing systems from threats like data theft, viruses, and malware. The document discusses the meaning of "cyber" and the need for cyber security as more people use the internet. It identifies major security problems like viruses, hackers, malware, Trojan horses, and password cracking. Viruses can run without permission and damage systems, while hackers gain administrative control. Malware and Trojan horses can steal information and harm computers. Password cracking allows hackers to access protected electronic areas.
The document discusses several C++ classes and concepts:
1. A class defines a new user-defined data type with data members and member functions. A class acts as a blueprint for objects.
2. A constructor is a special member function that initializes objects when they are created. Constructors have the same name as the class and do not return a value.
3. Several code examples are provided to demonstrate classes and constructors, including classes for a petrol pump, hostel management, fee management, and money exchange.
The document discusses the disadvantages of social media and cyber security issues. It analyzes several popular social media platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, and TikTok, highlighting issues like privacy concerns, addiction, spam, and limited features. It also examines disadvantages of hacking, such as privacy violations and system attacks. Computer viruses are discussed as malicious programs that can disrupt normal operations, and common viruses are listed. The document aims to provide an overview of potential downsides of social media and threats to cyber security.
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This is Presentation of Over group in NCBAE.
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PyData London 2024: Mistakes were made (Dr. Rebecca Bilbro)Rebecca Bilbro
To honor ten years of PyData London, join Dr. Rebecca Bilbro as she takes us back in time to reflect on a little over ten years working as a data scientist. One of the many renegade PhDs who joined the fledgling field of data science of the 2010's, Rebecca will share lessons learned the hard way, often from watching data science projects go sideways and learning to fix broken things. Through the lens of these canon events, she'll identify some of the anti-patterns and red flags she's learned to steer around.
Discover the cutting-edge telemetry solution implemented for Alan Wake 2 by Remedy Entertainment in collaboration with AWS. This comprehensive presentation dives into our objectives, detailing how we utilized advanced analytics to drive gameplay improvements and player engagement.
Key highlights include:
Primary Goals: Implementing gameplay and technical telemetry to capture detailed player behavior and game performance data, fostering data-driven decision-making.
Tech Stack: Leveraging AWS services such as EKS for hosting, WAF for security, Karpenter for instance optimization, S3 for data storage, and OpenTelemetry Collector for data collection. EventBridge and Lambda were used for data compression, while Glue ETL and Athena facilitated data transformation and preparation.
Data Utilization: Transforming raw data into actionable insights with technologies like Glue ETL (PySpark scripts), Glue Crawler, and Athena, culminating in detailed visualizations with Tableau.
Achievements: Successfully managing 700 million to 1 billion events per month at a cost-effective rate, with significant savings compared to commercial solutions. This approach has enabled simplified scaling and substantial improvements in game design, reducing player churn through targeted adjustments.
Community Engagement: Enhanced ability to engage with player communities by leveraging precise data insights, despite having a small community management team.
This presentation is an invaluable resource for professionals in game development, data analytics, and cloud computing, offering insights into how telemetry and analytics can revolutionize player experience and game performance optimization.
06-20-2024-AI Camp Meetup-Unstructured Data and Vector DatabasesTimothy Spann
Tech Talk: Unstructured Data and Vector Databases
Speaker: Tim Spann (Zilliz)
Abstract: In this session, I will discuss the unstructured data and the world of vector databases, we will see how they different from traditional databases. In which cases you need one and in which you probably don’t. I will also go over Similarity Search, where do you get vectors from and an example of a Vector Database Architecture. Wrapping up with an overview of Milvus.
Introduction
Unstructured data, vector databases, traditional databases, similarity search
Vectors
Where, What, How, Why Vectors? We’ll cover a Vector Database Architecture
Introducing Milvus
What drives Milvus' Emergence as the most widely adopted vector database
Hi Unstructured Data Friends!
I hope this video had all the unstructured data processing, AI and Vector Database demo you needed for now. If not, there’s a ton more linked below.
My source code is available here
https://github.com/tspannhw/
Let me know in the comments if you liked what you saw, how I can improve and what should I show next? Thanks, hope to see you soon at a Meetup in Princeton, Philadelphia, New York City or here in the Youtube Matrix.
Get Milvused!
https://milvus.io/
Read my Newsletter every week!
https://github.com/tspannhw/FLiPStackWeekly/blob/main/141-10June2024.md
For more cool Unstructured Data, AI and Vector Database videos check out the Milvus vector database videos here
https://www.youtube.com/@MilvusVectorDatabase/videos
Unstructured Data Meetups -
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
https://lu.ma/calendar/manage/cal-VNT79trvj0jS8S7
https://www.meetup.com/pro/unstructureddata/
https://zilliz.com/community/unstructured-data-meetup
https://zilliz.com/event
Twitter/X: https://x.com/milvusio https://x.com/paasdev
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zilliz/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/timothyspann/
GitHub: https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus https://github.com/tspannhw
Invitation to join Discord: https://discord.com/invite/FjCMmaJng6
Blogs: https://milvusio.medium.com/ https://www.opensourcevectordb.cloud/ https://medium.com/@tspann
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/events/301383476/?slug=unstructured-data-meetup-new-york&eventId=301383476
https://www.aicamp.ai/event/eventdetails/W2024062014
Build applications with generative AI on Google CloudMárton Kodok
We will explore Vertex AI - Model Garden powered experiences, we are going to learn more about the integration of these generative AI APIs. We are going to see in action what the Gemini family of generative models are for developers to build and deploy AI-driven applications. Vertex AI includes a suite of foundation models, these are referred to as the PaLM and Gemini family of generative ai models, and they come in different versions. We are going to cover how to use via API to: - execute prompts in text and chat - cover multimodal use cases with image prompts. - finetune and distill to improve knowledge domains - run function calls with foundation models to optimize them for specific tasks. At the end of the session, developers will understand how to innovate with generative AI and develop apps using the generative ai industry trends.
We are pleased to share with you the latest VCOSA statistical report on the cotton and yarn industry for the month of May 2024.
Starting from January 2024, the full weekly and monthly reports will only be available for free to VCOSA members. To access the complete weekly report with figures, charts, and detailed analysis of the cotton fiber market in the past week, interested parties are kindly requested to contact VCOSA to subscribe to the newsletter.
SYNTAX Directed Translation Report || Compiler Construction
1. Syntax Directed Translation
Background: -
Parser uses a CFG(Context-free-Grammar) to validate the input string and produce output for next
phase of the compiler. Output could be either a parse tree or abstract syntax tree. Now to interleave
semantic analysis with syntax analysis phase of the compiler, we use Syntax Directed Translation.
Introduction: -
Syntax-directed translation (SDT) refers to a method of compiler implementation where the
source language translation is completely driven by the parser. The parsing process and parse
trees are used to direct semantic analysis and the translation of the source program. We can
augment grammar with information to control the semantic analysis and translation. Such
grammars are called attribute grammars.
Associate attributes with each grammar symbol that describes its properties. An attribute has a
name and an associated value with each production in a grammar, give semantic rules or
actions. The general approach to syntax-directed translation is to construct a parse tree or syntax
tree and compute the values of attributes at the nodes of the tree by visiting them in some order.
Terminology: -
A common method of syntax-directed translation is translating a string into a sequence of actions
by attaching one such action to each rule of a grammar.
Formula: -
Grammar + semantic rule = SDT (syntax directed translation)
2. Syntax DirectedTranslationScheme
The Syntax directed translation scheme is a context -free grammar.
The syntax directed translation scheme is used to evaluate the order of semantic rules.
In translation scheme, the semantic rules are embedded within the right side of the
productions.
The position at which an action is to be executed is shown by enclosed between braces. It
is written within the right side of the production.
Implementation of Syntax directed translation
Syntax direct translation is implemented by constructing a parse tree and performing the
actions in a left to right depth first order.
SDT is implementing by parse the input and produce a parse tree as a result.
4. Why Syntax directed translation is used?
The syntax directed translation scheme is used to evaluate the order of semantic rules.
In translation scheme, the semantic rules are embedded within the right side of the productions.
The position at which an action is to be executed is shown by enclosed between braces.
Limitation: -
Without using global data to create side effects, some of the semantic actions cannot be
performed.
Example:
Checking whether a variable is defined before its usage.
Checking the type and storage address of a variable.
Checking whether a variable is used or not.
Common Approach:
A program with too many global variables is difficult to understand and maintain.
Restrict the usage of global variables to essential items and use them as objects.
a. Symbol table.
b. Labels for GOTO’s.
c. Forwarded declarations.