1) The document provides information on medical emergencies and how to perform CPR. It discusses the respiratory and cardiovascular systems as well as common emergencies like heart attack, drowning, and allergic reactions. 2) The document outlines the steps of CPR including the CAB sequence of checking for circulation and breathing, performing chest compressions, and rescue breathing. 3) It provides guidance on performing CPR for adults, children, and infants with specifics on hand positioning, compression depth and rate, head tilt, and number of breaths between compressions.

1. Medical Emergencies
Approach
(SCABDE)
Prepared by:
Brian Malunga
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
Environmental Health & Safety Management (EHSM)
Allied Health Practitioners Council of Zimbabwe (Registered)
Private Ambulance Services Association of Zimbabwe (V - Secretary)
Zimbabwe Emergency Medical Services Practitioners Association (V. Chairman)

3. Terminology

4. 7 March
2018
5

5. 7 March
2018
6

6. Brief Introduction
to
Respiratory System

7. Anatomy of the Respiratory System

8. Brief Introduction
to
Cardiovascular
System

9. Cardiovascular System

10. Anatomy of the Heart

11. Coronary Arteries of Heart

12. Major Arteries

13. Cardiovascular System
Emergencies

14. Sudden Cardiac Arrest

15. Heart Attack
Drowning
Suffocation
Allergic reactions
Drug Overdose
Electric Shock
Severe bleeding
Prolonged Seizures
Stroke
Causes - SCA

18. How CPR Works

19. Start CPR Immediately

21. C - A - B (Updated):
Sequence 2015
Although the amount and
quality of supporting data are limited, it may be
reasonable to maintain the sequence from the
2010 Guidelines by initiating CPR with C-A-B over
A-B-C. Knowledge gaps exist, and specific
research is required to examine the best
sequence for CPR in children.

22. CCirculation
- Check pulse
Compression
- Locate centre of chest
- 30 Chest compressions

23. Hands Positioning

24. AAirway
- Use head tilt chin lift
- (if you do not suspect trauma)
- Maintain position and,
Open mouth
- Check for any foreign objects

25. BBreathing
- Look, listen and feel
- (Not more than 10sec)
- Look - Rise & fall of Chest
- Listen – breath sounds
- Feel – breath warmth
Corrective Action plan
- If breathing Absent
- Give 2 Artificial respirations

26. Mouth to Mouth Barrier Devices

28. 8

29. “look, listen, and feel for
breathing”X
Simplified
Adult BLS

30. BLS healthcare provider algorithm

31. BLS healthcare provider algorithmBLS healthcare provider algorithm

32. Biphasic Defibrillator

33. AED Defibrillator

34. 7 March
Delivering Shock

38. Activate EMS (If Unresponsive)
1. EMRAS - 250011
2. BMC – 0732 111 911
3. Mars - 771221
4. St John -
5. Netstar
6. Ace & Air Ambulance
7. Ambulance Care & Evacuation
8. Rubastiro/ Ncediso Emergency Medical Services
9. City of Harare Emergency Rescue Services
Activate EMS

39. Position on back & hard surface

40. Adult CPR

41. CPR for Children

42. CPR for Children

43. Children CPR

44. CPR for Infants

45. CCirculation
- Check pulse
Compression
- Locate centre of chest
- 30 Chest compressions

46. AAirway
- Sniff neutral position, Maintain
and,
Open mouth
- Check for any foreign objects
BBreathing
- Look, listen and feel
- (Not more than 10sec)
- Look - Rise & fall of Chest
- Listen – breath sounds
- Feel – breath warmth
Corrective Action plan
- If breathing Absent
- Give 2 Artificial puffs

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2018
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Rescue Breathing
Mouth to mouth
Chest compressions
with Fingers

49. When can I stop CPR

50. Checking for CPR Effectiveness

51. Why CPR may Fail?

52. Injuries with CPR

53. Complications of CPR

54. CPR Summary
CPR steps Adult & older child
(9 years +)
Younger child
(1 to 8 years)
Infant
(Up to 1 year)
Head tilt Fully tilted back Partial –
to suit age
No –
head in neutral position
Chin lift Yes Yes Yes
Breaths 2 full breaths 2 small breaths 2 puffs
Chest compressions 2 hands 1 or 2 hands 2 fingers
Compression depth 1/3 of chest depth –
more than 5cm
1/3 of chest depth – approx 5cm 1/3 of chest depth – approx 4cm
Compression rate Approx 100 per minute Approx 100 per minute Approx 100 per minute
Compression to breath ratio
(applies to 1 or 2 first aiders
performing CPR)
30 compressions: 2 rescue breaths 30 compressions: 2 rescue breaths 30 compressions: 2 rescue breaths
Compression to breath ratio
(applies to 1 or 2 first aiders
performing CPR)
5 cycles of 30:2 every 2 minutes 5 cycles of 30:2 every 2 minutes 5 cycles of 30:2 every 2 minutes

55. Infants CPR