This work aims to design a sustainable greywater system in household Kano state, Nigeria in order to minimize the amount of fresh water consumed for portable purposes and use the greywater for non-portable applications such as toilet flushing, landscape watering, etc.
Filtration of Greywater by Natural ProcessRohan Gajbhiye
This is my Under-graduation final year project presentation based on "Filtration of Grey water by Natural Process using Canna India Plant". My goal to to recycle Grey water for various day to day purpose of our life, so that, we can use and reuse the water for day to day needs such as Gardening, Farming, Car Washing and can prevent scarcity of water which also helps us to re-energize and replace the dry land with veggies and greneery .
Hope it helps. It's not just a presentation but it's a social message to all to help themselves by taking little steps everyday to save water and save life.
Stay healthy Stay fit.
Grey water treatment is removal of unwanted suspended material from the greywater collected and disinfecting the same to make it useful for toilet flushing or irrigation or discharging to sewer lines according to the local laws applicable.
Filtration of Greywater by Natural ProcessRohan Gajbhiye
This is my Under-graduation final year project presentation based on "Filtration of Grey water by Natural Process using Canna India Plant". My goal to to recycle Grey water for various day to day purpose of our life, so that, we can use and reuse the water for day to day needs such as Gardening, Farming, Car Washing and can prevent scarcity of water which also helps us to re-energize and replace the dry land with veggies and greneery .
Hope it helps. It's not just a presentation but it's a social message to all to help themselves by taking little steps everyday to save water and save life.
Stay healthy Stay fit.
Grey water treatment is removal of unwanted suspended material from the greywater collected and disinfecting the same to make it useful for toilet flushing or irrigation or discharging to sewer lines according to the local laws applicable.
Grey water treatment by constructed wetlandChethan B J
A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water , either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem .
The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants , adapted to the unique hydric soil
The Presentation includes grey water it is all wastewater that is discharged from a house, excluding black water, uses of waste water, various methods adopted to use grey water [i.g, irrigation, bathing , gardening etc.]
Plumbing services in high rise building and group housingRohit Bhatt
As well as the comforts and luxuries of modern living Plumbing systems protect the community from disease.
Invisible organisms that swim around in a watery environment was beyond imagination until a few centuries ago, it was only in the late 19th century that scientists discovered and isolated specific microbes of particular a disease, cholera, has proven one of history’s most virulent killers.
Mankind began to understand that the evil spirits causing its woes were microscopic creatures that could be defeated by plumbers and sanitary engineers. With well designed plumbing and draining systems.
As we go about our everyday lives it is comforting to know that people’s lives are protected by having Correctly Installed and maintained Plumbing Gasfitting and Draining Systems.
The arrangemnet provided in a house or building, for collecting and conveying waste
water through drain pipes, by gravity, to join either a public sewer or a domestic
septic tank, is termed as house drainage or building drainage.
In the challenge of urban expansion and environmental preservation, sustainable development is a significant response to our century’s requirements. Although vertical greening (green walls) are not a new concept but flourished during the last decade as one of the approaches to sustainability. Vertical gardens, vertical farms, balcony gardens, containers or planter boxes greening, green or eco-buildings, wall planters, and green envelops are all different types of green walls. Planners and designers can look for enhanced solutions where the façades are more than tinted glass barrier; greening the building envelope with vegetation can be used as a mean to restore the environmental conditions in urban areas.
Environmental benefits of green walls have been proven on both new and existing buildings; they can be applied for insulating against environmental impact, mitigating the effect of urban heat island, increasing biodiversity and ecological value, outdoor and indoor comfort, air quality and social and psychological wellbeing. Green walls are categorized into living walls and green facades; living walls which are the subject of this presentation categorized into passive and active systems, Mur-Vegetal and Landscape walls according to their systems and growing method.
Grey water systems presentation 6 18-2015 finalTony Green
The recent drought has prompted Governor Brown to enact
mandatory water restrictions for the first time in the history of the state of California. With no end to the drought in sight and the level of the state’s reservoirs being at their lowest levels in decades everyone will need to take steps to conserve this precious resource. Grey Water systems have recently been proposed as a method where home owners can help conserve water by using reclaimed
water produced by laundry, sinks and bathtubs in non-potable applications such as irrigation or flushing toilets.
Green Building Construction: Case study on Green BuildingKetulKhatri
To understand the concept of Green Building Construction.
To understand the difference between Normal Building and Green Building.
To evaluate the different Green Building Construction Techniques.
To study the property and use of various Green Building Construction materials.
To analyse Green Building Construction.
This is the presentation at an international conference, ICOMACE at KGRCET, Hyderabad.. the title of the paper is design of domestic sewage treatment plant for a growing town Ulavapadu, Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Grey water treatment by constructed wetlandChethan B J
A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water , either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem .
The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants , adapted to the unique hydric soil
The Presentation includes grey water it is all wastewater that is discharged from a house, excluding black water, uses of waste water, various methods adopted to use grey water [i.g, irrigation, bathing , gardening etc.]
Plumbing services in high rise building and group housingRohit Bhatt
As well as the comforts and luxuries of modern living Plumbing systems protect the community from disease.
Invisible organisms that swim around in a watery environment was beyond imagination until a few centuries ago, it was only in the late 19th century that scientists discovered and isolated specific microbes of particular a disease, cholera, has proven one of history’s most virulent killers.
Mankind began to understand that the evil spirits causing its woes were microscopic creatures that could be defeated by plumbers and sanitary engineers. With well designed plumbing and draining systems.
As we go about our everyday lives it is comforting to know that people’s lives are protected by having Correctly Installed and maintained Plumbing Gasfitting and Draining Systems.
The arrangemnet provided in a house or building, for collecting and conveying waste
water through drain pipes, by gravity, to join either a public sewer or a domestic
septic tank, is termed as house drainage or building drainage.
In the challenge of urban expansion and environmental preservation, sustainable development is a significant response to our century’s requirements. Although vertical greening (green walls) are not a new concept but flourished during the last decade as one of the approaches to sustainability. Vertical gardens, vertical farms, balcony gardens, containers or planter boxes greening, green or eco-buildings, wall planters, and green envelops are all different types of green walls. Planners and designers can look for enhanced solutions where the façades are more than tinted glass barrier; greening the building envelope with vegetation can be used as a mean to restore the environmental conditions in urban areas.
Environmental benefits of green walls have been proven on both new and existing buildings; they can be applied for insulating against environmental impact, mitigating the effect of urban heat island, increasing biodiversity and ecological value, outdoor and indoor comfort, air quality and social and psychological wellbeing. Green walls are categorized into living walls and green facades; living walls which are the subject of this presentation categorized into passive and active systems, Mur-Vegetal and Landscape walls according to their systems and growing method.
Grey water systems presentation 6 18-2015 finalTony Green
The recent drought has prompted Governor Brown to enact
mandatory water restrictions for the first time in the history of the state of California. With no end to the drought in sight and the level of the state’s reservoirs being at their lowest levels in decades everyone will need to take steps to conserve this precious resource. Grey Water systems have recently been proposed as a method where home owners can help conserve water by using reclaimed
water produced by laundry, sinks and bathtubs in non-potable applications such as irrigation or flushing toilets.
Green Building Construction: Case study on Green BuildingKetulKhatri
To understand the concept of Green Building Construction.
To understand the difference between Normal Building and Green Building.
To evaluate the different Green Building Construction Techniques.
To study the property and use of various Green Building Construction materials.
To analyse Green Building Construction.
This is the presentation at an international conference, ICOMACE at KGRCET, Hyderabad.. the title of the paper is design of domestic sewage treatment plant for a growing town Ulavapadu, Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Root Zone Technology Option: Colacassia PlantDr. Amarjeet Singh
Root Zone Technology is one of the low cost
methods to treat wastewater. With the help of this system we
can treat the Non-Point sources with best results. To achieve
this goal we have to divide the Non-Point sources into
constructed channels within the river bank followed by root
zone bed or if the Non-Point Sources is coming from natural
nallas we can provide this system within its Channel. We
have prepared channel on which I have developed the root
zone bed and have lab analysis of rector out put on number
of parameters. Flow rate and Detention time are the two
factors on which channels are to be designed. Therefore I
am changing the flow rate and finding out the change in
parameter with respect to detection time. The optimization
is when we get best result with maximum flow. I have got
satisfactory results for the detention time of Three day,
Seven day and twenty one day and Three day. With the help
of this data I have designed the root zone bed system for the
selected actual Domestic Sources.
RECYCLING OF GREY WATER INTO USABLE WATER BY USING NATURAL MATERIALSvivatechijri
Recycling of Grey water generated from different industries by using the natural filter materials
and making the water reusable for sanitary and irrigation purposes. The aim is to reduce the costly recyclable
process of grey water to its minimum cost, hence making it suitable for village and low-income areaswhen such
water can be treated at place with less cost and by achieving almost same quality of water. In view of rising
concern about pollution of water bodies due to discharge of waste in them, itis necessary to initiate alternative
thinking as conventional methodsthrough Sewage treatment Plants have had limited success. In Rural areas we
have some natural materials which can purify the water if used properly. In recent years many techniques by
using such natural filters for purifying Grey water had came up. It treats the wastewater in natural manner
without the use of chemicals. In short, the method used for this project is the improved method of using natural
materials for recycling Grey water and obtaining best quality of recycled Grey water. The main objective of
present research work is to provide and popularize a simple, feasible, practically sound, ecofriendly and costeffective technology for wastewatertreatment. In this filterthe filtration is done by gravitationalforce. By using
such Techniques, the load on the sewage impact will be reduced and will be converted into useable water for
sanitary, gardening and irrigation purposes
Reuse & Recirculation of Filter Backwash Water of Water Treatment WaterIJERA Editor
Most of the water treatment plant, filtration is done by means of sand filtration process. Due to continuous filtration process, sand pores get clogged and decreases the efficiency. For mitigating such problem, reverse flow of water & air i.e. backwashing process is carried out. To carry out backwashing operation, 4% of treated water has been utilized and will result in muddy water known as backwash water. This backwash water is then discharged into a natural stream or storage tank near the plant for recirculation. The present study includes a trial for the reuse & recirculation of backwash water
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Altered Terrain: Colonial Encroachment and Environmental Changes in Cachar, A...PriyankaKilaniya
The beginning of colonial policy in the area was signaled by the British annexation of the Cachar district in southern Assam in 1832. The region became an alluring investment opportunity for Europeans after British rule over Cachar, especially after the accidental discovery of wild tea in 1855. Within this historical context, this study explores three major stages that characterize the evolution of nature. First, it examines the distribution and growth of tea plantations, examining their size and rate of expansion. The second aspect of the study examines the consequences of land concessions, which led to the initial loss of native forests. Finally, the study investigates the increased strain on forests caused by migrant workers' demands. It also highlights the crucial role that the Forest Department plays in protecting these natural habitats from the invasion of tea planters. This study aims to analyze the intricate relationship between colonialism and the altered landscape of Cachar, Assam, by means of a thorough investigation, shedding light on the environmental, economic, and societal aspects of this historical transformation.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
1. SUSTAINABLE GREYWATER DESIGN
IN house hold KANO STATE, NIGERIA
UMAR BASHIR MATO
2019008671
2nd Year M. Arch
Design Tech. & Sustainability
School of Architecture and Planning
Sharda University Greater Noida. U.P, India
2. Grey water is all the wastewater generated in households or office buildings from streams without
fecal contamination, i.e. all streams except for the wastewater from toilets. Sources of grey water
include sinks, showers, baths, washing machines or dishwashers. As grey water contains
fewer pathogens than domestic wastewater, it is generally safer to handle and easier to treat
and reuse onsite for toilet flushing, landscape or crop irrigation, and other non-potable uses. (Brain G.
R. ‘et al’ 2020)
FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING A SUSTAINABLE GREY WATER
Consider the:
•personal habits of the users i.e. what they put in the system
•quantity of wastewater output
•size of the site
•soil conditions of the site
•type of recycling usage required i.e. whether it is for irrigation only, or for re-use within the home.
(Murthy B. S 2018)
GREY WATER DEFINITION
Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
3. LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA
Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
Source: Department of Geography Bayero Univ. Kano, Nigeria 2020.
4. DESIGN PROBLEM
Kano state is one of the populous states in Nigeria, because of its reputation in commercial
activities it receives an influx of people from different part of the country. This leads to the
increase in population thereby increasing the pressure of land use and some major resources such
as water.
City Fabric
Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
5. Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This design looks forward to work based on the listed scope below.
● The empirical (Actual) content of chlorine to be use in the treatment of greywater per litre.
● How this sustainable idea could be positioned in the proposed design with respect to the borehole
and septic tank
6. (Source: Tasiu Y. R. ‘et al’
2016)
(Source: Tasiu Y. R. 2017)
Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
SOURCES & WATER CONDITION IN KANO STATE
7. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FOUND IN GREYWATER
1)Surfactants (originate from laundry tub) they can be either cation or anion in nature, though anion
is reportedly higher in laundry greywater
2)Nitrates, Sulphates and their derivatives, cation surfactants (salt based constituents) from
ammonium
3)Nitrogen and Phosphate originate from Kitchen waste water like detergent, vegetables water etc.
(Najem S. A. & Scholz M. 2015).
PHYSICAL CONSTITUENTS OF GREYWATER
1)Temperature – ranges from 18 – 35oC (high temp. favour microbiological growth, CaCO3)
2)Turbidity – solid concentration ranges from 190 – 537 mg/L (Edwin A. G. ‘et al’ 2014).
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Greywater contains microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa and helminths
-Salmonella & Campelobacteria
-Pseudomonas
-Cryptosporidium
(Takahashi Y. & Sall O. 2007)
Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
8. Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
DOMESTIC WATER USAGE
From the figure below (Nizam Ismail ‘et al’ 2020), deliberated that about 74% of household waste
water is greywater and its release to the surrounding contributes to the pollution of freshwater.
However, greywater recycling is an important aspect of saving the freshwater as well as saving the
society.
Findings from (Wright M. 1996) explained 65% of waste water as greywater. Taking the average of
the two data, the approximate percentage of greywater discharge from household is 70%.
9. HOW GREYWATER IS DISCHARGED FROM HOUSEHOLD
Grey Water from Washing Machine
Grey Water from Basin, Shower tray etc.
Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
12. Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
Submersible pump is a pump which performs with the aid of centrifugal force when completely
submerged in water. It is attached to an electric motor powered by the impellers that perform the
duty of forcing the water through the diffuser into the face of one above it. On a normal 4-inch
submersible pump, each impeller produces 9psi pressure depending on the diameter of the
impeller. (Mattem A 2007)
Submersible Pump Impeller
13. Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
Electric motor
Water entrance halls
The Impellers
The Diffuser
Check valve
Water pumps out through the pipe
Source: Learn Engineering. 2018
14. Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
TREATMENT OF GREYWATER
This exercise looks forward to treat the greywater through two different method i.e. Filtration and
Chlorination for reuse in toilet flushing and plant watering in the proposed design.
Filtration
Filtration is the process of removing the solid granules of particle in the water through physical method
with the aid of filter medium to allow the pure water to pass through. (Abdel-Shafy ‘et al’ 2013)
Chlorination
Chlorination is one of the easiest processes of disinfecting wastewater, it has an effective oxidants
capable of killing pathogenic organism that are detrimental to human health as well as aquatic life. This
process of disinfection is easy to obtain, apply and most importantly economical.
Typical forms of chlorine used in wastewater treatment are:
➢ Elemental chlorine
➢ Hypochlorite
➢ Chlorine Dioxide
(Source: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection 2016)
15. Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
In a household or any greywater recycling system, it is considered that the empirical content of chlorine
disinfectant added for greywater treatment is:
● 2-tablespoon of chlorine bleach 5-litre of greywater
● 30-tablespoon or ½ litre of chlorine bleach 75-litre of greywater
(Source: Renewable energy UK 2020)
Considering 500-litre greywater tank for this design. Therefore, the calculation of the actual amount of
chlorine disinfectant to treat 500-litre greywater is shown below:
0.5 litre of chlorine disinfectant 75-litre of greywater
X litre of chlorine disinfectant 500-litre of greywater
Where X = Unknown amount of chlorine
By cross multiplication of the above equation,
X = 500 x 0.5 ÷ 75 = 3.33
Hence, X (amount of chlorine) to treat 500-litre of greywater = 3.33-litre
16. IMPORTANCE OF REUSING GREYWATER
Reuse of greywater can help in substituting precious drinking water in applications which do not need
drinking water quality, it is generally used for non-portable usage for different functions, this will in
turn reduce freshwater consumption apart from wastewater generation. Such as
● Toilet flushing
● Irrigation purpose
● Industrial Application
● Ground recharging
● Vehicle washing
● Fire fighting
● Dust control
● street washing
And many more.
(Olanrewaju O. O. & Ilemobade A. A. 2015)
Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
17. Sustainable Greywater Design
Sustainable Greywater Design
References
Abdel-Shafy H.I., El-Khateeb M.A., Shehata M. “Greywater Treatment Using Different Designs Of Sand Filters” Water Pollution Control
Department , Division of Environmental Research, National Research Center , Dokki, Cairo , Egypt 2013.
Brain G. R., Lynch J., Klopp K. “Graywater Systems” Departments of Environment & Society, and Plants, Soils & Climate: Utah State
University 2020.
Edwin A. G., Gopalsamy P., Muthu N. “Characterization of domestic gray water from point source to determine the potential for urban residential
reuse: a short review” Springerlink.com 2014
Learn Engineering. 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0Q6cboXyLY [Accessed Sept., 2020].
Murthy B. S “Design and development of grey water reuse system” Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS TI Campus,
Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. 2018
Mattem A “Submersible Pump” Alberto agriculture for rural development, 2007
Manna S. S. “Treatment Of Gray Water For Reusing In Non-potable Purpose To Conserve Water In India” Department of Civil Engineering,
Priyadarshini Institute of Technology, Nellore – 524004, Andhra Pradesh, India. 2018.
Nizam Ismail M. S., Awang S., Khan E. N., Yahaya E. M., Darimie R. M. “Greywater Treatment System Design for Laundry Services in
Malaysia: A Case Study” River Basin Research Centre, National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra
Permai,43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor. 2020.
Najem S. A. & Scholz M. “Chemical simulation of greywater” Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and
Engineering, The University of Salford, Salford, UK 2015
Olanrewaju O. O., Ilemobade A. A. “Greywater Reuse Review and Framework for Assessing Greywater Treatment Technologies for Toilet
Flushing” Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Ak ure, Nigeria. 2015.
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. “Disinfection and Chlorination” This course includes content developed by the
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (Pa. DEP) in cooperation with the following contractors, subcontractors, or grantees.
2016.
Renewable energy UK 2020. http://www.reuk.co.uk/wordpress/water/disinfecting-greywater/ [Accessed Oct., 2020].
Tasiu Y. R., Iguisi E.O., Mallam I “Assessment of Water Supply Situation in the Rural Areas of Kano State, Northern Nigeria” Department of
Geography, Sa’adatu Rimi College of Education Kano, Nigeria. 2016.
Tasiu Y. R. “Impacts Of Surface Topography On Groundwater Potential In Parts of Kano State, Nigeria” Department of Geography Bayero
University, Kano. 2017.
Takahashi Y. & Sall O. “Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of stored greywater from unsewered suburban Dakar in Senegal” 2007.
Wright M. “Safe Use of Household Greywater” Cooperative Extension Service College of Agriculture and Home Economics.1996
Yi-Kai Juan, Yi Chen., Jing-Ming Lin. “Greywater Reuse System Design and Economic Analysis for Residential Buildings in Taiwan”
Department of Architecture, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan.