Atherosclerosis is the hardening and thickening of arteries due to plaque buildup within the arterial wall. It is the primary cause of heart attacks and strokes. Some key risk factors for atherosclerosis include age, sex, family history, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. The risk increases dramatically in individuals between the ages of 40-60. Management involves modifying risk factors such as adopting a low-cholesterol diet, exercising regularly, avoiding tobacco use, and controlling conditions like high blood pressure and high cholesterol through medication if needed.

1. Atherosclerosis By Suriya

2. INTRO ….. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS hardening or thickening of blood vessel loss of elasticity of vessel wall

3. Types of arteriosclerosis Arteriolosclerosis hyaline hyperplastic monckeberg’s medial calcific sclerosis atherosclerosis

4. Atherosclerosis Greek word Athero-protruding, sclerosis-scarring Atherosclerosis-gruel/hardening Def: Intimal lesions – atheromas Protrude into and obstruct vascular lumens and weaken underlying media

6. Global in distribution Mortality - half of all deaths…. Morbidity - higher than other disease in western world Increasing in developed and industrialized countries

9. Epidemiologic data……… 25% of deaths in USA is of MI Mortality rate for IHD in USA is high(5 times of Japan) IHD-2 nd leading cause of death in Japan 1963-2000 ↓ in 50% death rate due to IHD ↓ in 70% death rate due to stroke

10. In New Orleans Postmortem findings of coronary atherosclerosis in persons of age 25-44 yrs in 1968-72 is comparatively less as in 1960-64

13. Constitutional Age Sex Genetics Family history Acquired Hyperlipidemia Hypertension DM Cigarette smoking CRP MAJOR

14. MINOR Obesity Physical inactivity Stress Postmenopausal estrogen deficiency Diet Alcohol Lipoprotein a Coagulation factors Infections

16. AGE Dominant influence 40-60 yrs of age-incidence of MI ↑ by 5 folds

18. SEX Male Postmenopausal women In elderly , both have equal risk

21. GENETICS Polygenic Familial diseases-HYT,DM Inborn metabolic errors-Familial hyperlipidemia

24. HYPERLIPIDEMIA Hypercholesterolemia

27. High cholesterol diet & saturated fats - ↑ cholesterol level Low cholesterol diet & polyunsaturated fats - ↓ cholesterol level Exercise & moderate consumption of ethanol - ↑ HDL level Obesity & smoking - ↓ HDL level

30. Hypertension ↑ risk of IHD by 60% HYT -> LVH -> IHD

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