Surgery for thyroid disease
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The document discusses surgery for thyroid disease and outlines the surgical anatomy of the thyroid gland. The thyroid receives its arterial blood supply from the superior thyroid artery and inferior thyroid artery, and its venous drainage involves the superior thyroid vein, middle thyroid vein, and inferior thyroid vein.
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- There are several types depending on anatomy and relationship of arteries. The most common type has normally related arteries and a small ventricular septal defect.
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This document discusses the embryology, classification, incidence, and pathophysiology of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR). It can be summarized as follows:
1. TAPVR occurs due to failure of the pulmonary veins to connect normally to the left atrium, instead connecting abnormally to veins draining into the right atrium.
2. It is classified based on the pathway of drainage, with the most common types being supracardiac (50%) and cardiac (25%).
3. TAPVR has an incidence of 1.5-2% of all congenital heart defects and carries a risk of pulmonary hypertension and heart failure due to obligatory right-to-left shunt
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thyroid surgery
Surgery of the thyroid is indicated for diffuse or nodular goiters causing cosmetic or pressure symptoms, solitary nodules which pose a higher risk of malignancy, or primary thyrotoxicosis if medical treatment is not effective or tolerated. Preoperative treatment includes vocal cord assessment, antithyroid medication to treat thyrotoxicosis, and iodine or propranolol. Subtotal thyroidectomy is the standard procedure for simple or toxic goiters, removing most but not all of the gland. Potential complications include bleeding, respiratory issues, nerve paralysis, low calcium levels, underactive thyroid, and return of thyrotoxicosis.
Anatomía topográfica del cuello
El documento describe la anatomía topográfica del cuello. El cuello es una región tubular entre la cabeza y el tórax con límites superior e inferior definidos. En el cuello se encuentran tres regiones musculares - anterior, lateral y posterior. Los músculos del cuello se organizan en varios planos musculares y cumplen funciones como la inclinación, extensión y rotación de la cabeza. El documento también describe las fascias, vasos sanguíneos y nervios del cuello.
CT ANATOMY OF NORMAL MEDIASTINUM MADE EASY
The document discusses the anatomy of the mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity located between the lungs. It describes how the mediastinum is divided into three compartments - superior, anterior, and posterior. Each compartment contains different structures like blood vessels, lymph nodes, and organs. Computed tomography (CT) is often used to further examine abnormalities detected on chest x-rays by providing detailed images of mediastinal structures and lesions in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Key CT features of various mediastinal structures are also outlined.
Aorta y sus ramas 2
Este documento describe la anatomía de la aorta y sus principales ramas. Comienza con la aorta ascendente y sus ramas coronarias, luego describe el cayado aórtico y sus ramas principales como el tronco braquiocefálico. Luego detalla la aorta torácica y abdominal, y las arterias que irrigan los órganos del tórax y abdomen, incluido el tronco celiaco y sus ramas hepática, gástrica e esplénica.
Fractura de clavicula
La clavícula funciona como una viga que mantiene separado el hombro del tórax. Las fracturas de clavícula son más comunes en hombres jóvenes y se producen principalmente por caídas o accidentes deportivos. Existen diferentes tipos de fracturas que se clasifican y tratan de forma distinta, ya sea mediante inmovilización ortopédica o cirugía.
Arteria carotida primitiva
Las carótidas primitivas se dividen en las carótidas externa e interna y conducen la sangre a la cabeza. La carótida primitiva derecha nace del tronco braquiocefálico y la izquierda directamente de la aorta. Ambas se dirigen hacia arriba de forma vertical, relacionándose con la tráquea y el esófago, y se bifurcan en las carótidas externa e interna a nivel del cartílago tiroideo.
Anatomy of thyroid gland
The document summarizes key anatomical details about the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands. It describes the location, blood supply, drainage, and normal sizes of these glands. It also provides an overview of thyroid physiology including hormone synthesis and regulation via the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The metabolic effects of thyroid hormones are outlined as well.
Anatomia del cuello definitiva
El documento resume la anatomía del cuello, incluyendo los huesos (vertebras cervicales, hueso hioides, manubrio del esternón, clavícula), aponeurosis, compartimentos, triángulos (anterior, posterior y sus subdivisiones) y niveles de drenaje linfático. Describe las características de cada vertebra cervical y las hojas de la aponeurosis profunda. Explica los contenidos y límites de los triángulos del cuello.
Diseases of thyroid gland
The document discusses thyroid gland disorders, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. It describes the anatomy and function of the thyroid gland, the hormones it produces, and how they are regulated. It then discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, focusing on Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It also covers complications like myxedema coma and the effects of thyroid hormones on multiple body systems.
Anatomia topografía cabeza y cuello uss
Este documento describe la anatomía topográfica de la cabeza y el cuello. Explica la conformación exterior e interior del cráneo, incluyendo las diferentes regiones, huesos, suturas, forámenes y contenido. También describe en detalle la región temporal, sus límites, planos constituyentes, vasos, nervios y comunicaciones con otras regiones.
Thyroid presentation
1. Lingual thyroid is a rare condition where the thyroid gland is located at the base of the tongue instead of the normal location in the neck. Investigations like thyroid scan and CT neck can help locate the gland. Treatment involves medical therapy initially and surgery if medical treatment fails.
2. Thyroglossal cysts arise from remnants of the thyroglossal duct during embryonic development of the thyroid gland. Sistrunk operation is the treatment of choice which involves removal of the cyst along with a portion of the hyoid bone and any connecting tract.
3. A cold nodule seen on a thyroid scan could indicate a benign cyst, colloid nodule, or follicular carcinoma of the thyroid
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