Supersite field survey protocol development
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•430 views
The presentation provides an overview of the Australian Supersite Network and development of survey protocol. The presentation is part of the Workshop on Approaches to Terrestrial Ecosystem Data Management : from collection to synthesis and beyond which was held on 9th of March 2016 in University of Queensland.
Recommended
More Related Content
Similar to Supersite field survey protocol development
Similar to Supersite field survey protocol development (20)
More from TERN Australia
More from TERN Australia (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Supersite field survey protocol development
- 1. SuperSite field survey protocol development Mirko Karan, SuperSites Coordinator
- 2. What is a TERN SuperSite? 1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome 2) Physical instrumentation 3) Scientists and technical support staff 4) Transect(s) or Contrasts (10-400km) ! ! Figure 1: Schematic layout of SuperSite core 1 ha vegetation plot. prevailing!! winds! SW! NE! 100! m! 100! m! Core!1!ha!Plot! Flux! Tower!
- 3. Question driven, consistent network-wide monitoring CURRENT STATUS: ecosystem condition, functional patterns and spatial arrangement - stocks and fluxes of energy, carbon and water MONITORING: response to environmental change, natural disturbance and human induced disturbance - ecophysiological responses - changes in community composition PREDICTIONS: Can environmental thresholds or 'tipping points' be identified and solutions suggested to avoid state change? Local scientific questions
- 4. FNQ Rainforest SEQ Peri-urban Evolution of the SuperSites
- 5. 2011 expansion to 5 SuperSites Collaborative Co-contribution model Existing research activity and co-contribution, Government support Significant Australian biome Terrain suitable for eddy co-variance flux tower Australian SuperSite Network Growth FNQ Rainforest SEQ Peri-urban Warra Tall Eucalypt Calperum Mallee Great Western Woodland
- 6. 2012 additional five volunteer SuperSites Australian SuperSite Network Growth FNQ Rainforest SEQ Peri-urban Cumberland Plain Tumbarumba Wet EucalyptVictorian Dry Eucalypt Warra Tall Eucalypt Calperum Mallee Alice Mulga Litchfield Savanna Great Western Woodland
- 7. 2014 Network of 10 SuperSites Australian SuperSite Network Growth FNQ Rainforest SEQ Peri-urban Cumberland Plain EucFACE Tumbarumba Wet Eucalypt Victorian Dry Eucalypt Warra Tall Eucalypt Calperum Mallee Alice Mulga Litchfield Savanna Great Western Woodland
- 9. measures ecosystem fluxes • CO2 (NEE) and water use (ET) • Energy: Radiation (Q) and heat (H, G) Aerial LiDAR and Hyperspectral surveys Phenocams Digital Elevation Models Terrestrial Laser Scanning Plant trait / ecophysiology campaign 2010-14
- 10. Protocol working groups + alignment with AusPlots protocols Vegetation core 1 ha plot Biodiversity - Vascular plant list, voucher specimens, genetic sampling Abundance, Cover, Structure - Structural description - Direct measure stems DBH ≥10 cm, H DBH <10 cm (forest/rangelands methods) - Standing Above Ground Biomass - Course Woody Debris - Recruitment, seedling transects - Photopoints - Leaf Area Index (DCP/DHP) - Phenocams (ex AusCover) TERN!Australian!SuperSite!Network! ! Figure 1: Schematic layout of SuperSite core 1 ha vegeta 3.2 Plot!alignment!and!marking! 1. Standard!plot!alignment!will!be!N<S,!E<W!with!corners!located! System! (GPS).! Plot! configuration! and! alignment! can! be! topography!or!limited! area!of!land<type),!ensuring!a!consis dimensions!and!corners!are!recorded.!! 2. It!will!be!important!to!notify!data<users!when!plots!are!not!of!st 3. All!plots!will!be!permanently!marked!in!at!least!two!opposing!c using!steel!star!posts!or!similar!and!labelled!with!durable!met that!additional!permanent!markers!every!10!m!along!each! collection.!! 4 Measurement! 4.1 Summary!of!Measurements!for!Core!1!ha!Plots! Initial!measurements!at!core!1!ha!plots!will!be!followed!by!ann variables.!Frequency!of!sampling!for!some!measures!might!be!inc other!events.!! Essential! components! of! this! for! the! SuperSite! 1! ha! plot! incl Biodiversity;!Abundance;!Cover!and!Structure;!Biomass;!Plant!Func · Full!vascular!plant!composition!will!be!recorded!for!ea identity,!at!least!one!voucher!specimen!will!be!lodged! for!each!species!that!is!recorded!in!the!survey!as!a!who be!collected!for!taxa!with!uncertain!identity!or!of!other!s · Abundance!cover!and!structure!are!measured!using!di and!forests.!A!once<off!general!structural!description!w prevailing!! winds! SW! NE! 100! m! 100! m! Core!1!ha!Plot! Flux! Tower! Protocol Development
- 11. Protocol working groups + alignment with AusPlots protocols Fauna Acoustic Recording Bird surveys Ant sampling - pitfall traps TERN!Australian!SuperSite!Network! ! Figure 1: Schematic layout of SuperSite core 1 ha vegeta 3.2 Plot!alignment!and!marking! 1. Standard!plot!alignment!will!be!N<S,!E<W!with!corners!located! System! (GPS).! Plot! configuration! and! alignment! can! be! topography!or!limited! area!of!land<type),!ensuring!a!consis dimensions!and!corners!are!recorded.!! 2. It!will!be!important!to!notify!data<users!when!plots!are!not!of!st 3. All!plots!will!be!permanently!marked!in!at!least!two!opposing!c using!steel!star!posts!or!similar!and!labelled!with!durable!met that!additional!permanent!markers!every!10!m!along!each! collection.!! 4 Measurement! 4.1 Summary!of!Measurements!for!Core!1!ha!Plots! Initial!measurements!at!core!1!ha!plots!will!be!followed!by!ann variables.!Frequency!of!sampling!for!some!measures!might!be!inc other!events.!! Essential! components! of! this! for! the! SuperSite! 1! ha! plot! incl Biodiversity;!Abundance;!Cover!and!Structure;!Biomass;!Plant!Func · Full!vascular!plant!composition!will!be!recorded!for!ea identity,!at!least!one!voucher!specimen!will!be!lodged! for!each!species!that!is!recorded!in!the!survey!as!a!who be!collected!for!taxa!with!uncertain!identity!or!of!other!s · Abundance!cover!and!structure!are!measured!using!di and!forests.!A!once<off!general!structural!description!w prevailing!! winds! SW! NE! 100! m! 100! m! Core!1!ha!Plot! Flux! Tower! Protocol Development
- 12. Protocol working groups + alignment with AusPlots protocols Soil and water Initial site and soil characterisation - soil profile OzFlux pit, dry bulk density, soil chem to 1.5m OzFlux instrumentation - soil temp, moisture Digital Elevation Model Core 1 ha physico-chemistry (9 bulked cores 0-10cm, 10-30cm) Soil metabarcoding Logging Bore Stream monitoring TERN!Australian!SuperSite!Network! ! Figure 1: Schematic layout of SuperSite core 1 ha vegeta 3.2 Plot!alignment!and!marking! 1. Standard!plot!alignment!will!be!N<S,!E<W!with!corners!located! System! (GPS).! Plot! configuration! and! alignment! can! be! topography!or!limited! area!of!land<type),!ensuring!a!consis dimensions!and!corners!are!recorded.!! 2. It!will!be!important!to!notify!data<users!when!plots!are!not!of!st 3. All!plots!will!be!permanently!marked!in!at!least!two!opposing!c using!steel!star!posts!or!similar!and!labelled!with!durable!met that!additional!permanent!markers!every!10!m!along!each! collection.!! 4 Measurement! 4.1 Summary!of!Measurements!for!Core!1!ha!Plots! Initial!measurements!at!core!1!ha!plots!will!be!followed!by!ann variables.!Frequency!of!sampling!for!some!measures!might!be!inc other!events.!! Essential! components! of! this! for! the! SuperSite! 1! ha! plot! incl Biodiversity;!Abundance;!Cover!and!Structure;!Biomass;!Plant!Func · Full!vascular!plant!composition!will!be!recorded!for!ea identity,!at!least!one!voucher!specimen!will!be!lodged! for!each!species!that!is!recorded!in!the!survey!as!a!who be!collected!for!taxa!with!uncertain!identity!or!of!other!s · Abundance!cover!and!structure!are!measured!using!di and!forests.!A!once<off!general!structural!description!w prevailing!! winds! SW! NE! 100! m! 100! m! Core!1!ha!Plot! Flux! Tower! Protocol Development
- 14. SuperSite Protocols Current Monitoring Phenocams Leaf Area Index Acoustic Monitoring Photopoints Campaign Mode Soil microbe metabarcoding Lidar, Hyperspectral surveys (AusCover) Bird surveys Ant sampling Bores Vascular plant list Recruitment/seedlings Coarse woody debris Cosmos sensors Plant Functional Traits Ecophysiology Camera traps? tower sensors ? spatial extent? International Experiments Nutrient Network DroughtNet Global Malaise Trapping Earth MicroBiome Project
- 17. Allows listening to recordings and download of files Analysis tools to be added 29 744 files, 19 sites
- 18. Phenocamera images Leaf Area index images Photopoints Panoramic photopoints Australian Phenocam Network https://phenocam.org.au/
- 19. The National Ecological Observatory Network is a project sponsored by the National Science Foundation and managed under cooperative agreement by NEON Inc. ! ! Figure 1: Schematic layout of SuperSite core 1 ha vegetation plot. 3.2 Plot!alignment!and!marking! 1. Standard!plot!alignment!will!be!N<S,!E<W!with!corners!located!using!a!Geographical!Positioning! System! (GPS).! Plot! configuration! and! alignment! can! be! modified! if! necessary! (due! to! topography!or!limited! area!of!land<type),!ensuring!a!consistent!area!is!assessed!and!plot! dimensions!and!corners!are!recorded.!! 2. It!will!be!important!to!notify!data<users!when!plots!are!not!of!standard!alignment!and!shape.! 3. All!plots!will!be!permanently!marked!in!at!least!two!opposing!corners!(SW!and!NE)!of!each!plot! using!steel!star!posts!or!similar!and!labelled!with!durable!metal!tags.!For!1!ha!plots,!it!is!likely! that!additional!permanent!markers!every!10!m!along!each!edge!will!facilitate!regular!data! collection.!! prevailing!! winds! SW! NE! 100! m! 100! m! Core!1!ha!Plot! Flux! Tower! 陆 地 生 态 系 统 生 物 观 测 规 范 陆 地 生 态 系 统 生 物 观 测 规 范 陆 地 生 态 系 统 生 物 观 测 规 范 陆 地 生 态 系 统 生 物 观 测 规 范
- 20. Challenges to address going forward: - Standardising data formats - template driven - Improving QA QC procedures (data collection, ingestion) - Improving sensors (phenocams, acoustics) - Staffing levels and training in diverse field techniques - Assessing representativeness of plots, repetition - Valuing data set publication / citation to incentivize co-contribution Collaborations, inter-operability Within TERN - Calibration/validation (AusCover) - Modelling: eMAST, AusPlots, Transects, LTERN + International - Calibration / validation (soil moisture, biomass, LAI) - Data use/reuse, modelling
- 22. SuperSite extras Plant ecophysiology (leaf Ps, Resp. water relations) Acoustic recording Course woody debris Ants Bores Comparisons with NEON protocols Similarities Plots + Remote sensing Vegetation (structure/composition) Flux tower sensors (CO2, phenocams etc) Soil sensors (T, moisture) Soil physico-chemistry Soil microbial diversity Vegetation diversity and abundance Leaf Area Index Bird diversity and abundance Stream monitoring NEON extras NEON Strategic design - plot locations Core site + relocatable sites Flux tower sensors (dust, PAR, isotopes CO2/H2O) Soil sensors (array, CO2, Throughfall etc) Soil coarse and fine root biomass Small mammals Ground beetles Mosquito (diversity, abundance, phenology, pathogens) Ticks (pathogens) (Litterfall)
- 23. NCRIS-2013 Vegetation protocols Core 1 ha plot Vascular plant list - voucher specimens Abundance, Cover, Structure Forests - Direct measures (stems ≥ 10 cm DBH); RAINFOR Gentry transects (stems < 10 cm DBH ); seedling transects Rangelands - Direct measures (stems ≥ 10 cm DBH); Basal wedges; Point intercept method (augmented AusPlots) Biomass - Woody plant DBH, Height, Species, Coarse Woody Debris, Clip plots, Leaf Area Index - DCP, DHP, Point Intercept Method / clip plots Photopoints Phenocameras (Auscover/Ozflux) - based on ACEAS workshop 2014 Robson Creek node Core 1Ha vegetation plot established in 2012 Mixed species upland rainforest 266 species. Above ground biomass (ton/ha) 402 Estimated total C (ton/ha) 367 Daintree node Core 1Ha vegetation plot established in 2000 Above ground biomass (ton/ha) 270 Estimated total C (ton/ha) 267 Groundwater bores (3) drilled in 2008. 10m Plants don’t use it! DRO 5700mm MAP. Carbon stocks are tied to water availability. TERN Carb Presentation by: Mike Lid
- 24. Soil and Water protocols Core 1 ha plot Initial site and soil characterisation - Soil pit at flux tower, profile, bulk density, physico-chem analysis - 9 distributed cores for physico-chem analysis Digital Elevation Model (Auscover) Soil instrumentation (Ozflux) - Soil volumetric water content, soil temp, soil heat flux Soil metagenomics - 16S Bact/archea; ITS Fungi; 18S Euk/algal (Baseline) Stream monitoring – flow, pH, N, P, major ions, EC etc Bore(s) - depth logging, pH, N, P, major ions, EC etc
Editor's Notes
- Assume 15 minute talk
- The Australian SuperSite Network (SuperSites) aims to improve our understanding of ecosystem response to environmental change through long-term intensive ecosystem monitoring. Network approach should allow challenging questions to be answered at a continental and eventually a global scale SuperSites aim to gain a process based understanding of the different biomes by a combination of intensive field measures on flora and fauna and physical instrumentation to monitor biophysical elements. A field station includes some sort of building so that researchers have a base from where than can carry out there work. Ranges from minimal to sophisticated with lots of accommodation and labs. The location of a field station is called a node. Some SuperSites have more than 1 node. The basic biome type is the same but there are contrasts eg. tropical rainforest lowland vs upland. 3 of the SuperSites currently have 2 nodes.
- Each SuperSite has a range of local research questions addressed by the PIs and institutions managing the site.
- Qld state government funding allowed development of two demonstrator sites.
- SuperSites Network boot strapped into being in 2011 with TERN Funding, using a collaborative, co-contribution model. Necessary to start with sites with significant research activity in place, located in a significant Australian biome and suitable terrain to locate a flux tower. Protocol working groups were formed to advise on suitable monitoring protocols to address the science questions
- In 2012 an additional 5 volunteer SuperSites came on board and aligned as much as possible Protocols were further developed with biome specific protocols (rangelands vs forest) for vegetation structure, LAI, biomass Alignment with intl. monitoring has been a major consideration while we have been developing our systems There has been increasing use of SuperSites for remote sensing calibration and validation
- SuperSites Network boot strapped into being in 2011 with TERN Funding, using a collaborative, co-contribution model. Necessary to start with sites with significant research activity in place, located in a significant Australian biome and suitable terrain to locate a flux tower.
- To answer the network-wide science questions will take a TERN-wide collaborative approach. The key facilities that interact with SuperSites infrastructure (including data) are OzFlux (eddy covariance towers), AusCover (TERN's remote sensing facility) and eMast (TERN's modelling and scaling infrastructure). Unfortunately eMast is currently mostly mothballed due to a lack of funding.
- OzCover eddy covariance flux intrumentation measure CO2, radiation, soil temp, soil moisture AusCover carries out LiDAR and Hyperspectral aerial surveys at SuperSites with extensive ground calibration and validation and has started working with Terrestrial Laser Scanning at the SuperSites to assess vegetation structure and biomass. Phenocams and other equipment have been situated on the flux towers. Currently 11 of the 13 SuperSites nodes have been flown. The other 2 are on a to-do list.
- Current monitoring includes Phenocams (inherited from AusCover), LAI, Acoustic Monitoring, Vegetation direct measure of stems and bioomass (every 5 years) and Photopoints (image of the core 1 ha from each corner and centre). When adequate funding resumes we will continue with bird surveys, ant surveys, Bore logging, vegetation species lists in the core 1 ha, recruitment and coarse woody debris. Monitoring protocols that will be considered in future include Cosmos soil moisture sensors, camera traps, new towers sensors. We will also like to look at expanding spatial extent of the monitoring
- Data is available through the SuperSites website with metadata
- Searches bring up a list of datasets. These are tagged with a green QC button to indicate the PI has reviewed the entry. The .csv flat files and metadata are available from here. Metadata is harvested to the TERN Data Discovery Portal and ANDS. Metadata is also harvested into AEKOS and then DataOne
- The TERN SuperSites aim is to collect high intensity long-term ecosystem monitoring data that is compatible with other networks to allow continental, inter-continental and global analyses.
- Major issue at the moment is getting all the data in smoothly in the right format. Template driven data entry, Cloudstor data sharing. Future issues - improving QA QC procedures. Development of scripts to check data on ingest, QC procedures in the field with enhanced funding. Assess representativeness of pots to surroundings, look at repetition/expansion of surveys. As a collaborative network managed by researchers on a fractional appointment the SuperSite monitoring adds value by improving collaboration potential, but it also takes time away from working on research publications for career advancement / survival. Having dataset publication and citations included as a metric of performance would improve the capture rate of non-TERN funded data sets generated at the SuperSites as well as encouraging co-contribution
- Integrated with Ausplots Rangelands and Forests and Auscover LAI protocols