Reforestation is one of the Philippines’ government efforts to restore and rehabilitate degraded mangrove ecosystems. Although there is recovery of the ecosystem in terms of vegetation, the recovery of closely-linked faunal species in terms of community structure is still understudied. This research investigates the community structure of mangrove crabs under two different management schemes: protected mangroves and reforested mangroves. The transect-plot method was employed in each management scheme to quantify the vegetation, crab assemblages and environmental variables. Community composition of crabs and mangrove trees were compared between protected and reforested mangroves using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and analysis of similarity in PRIMER 6. Chi-squared was used to test the variance of sex ration of the crabs. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was used to determine the relationship between crabs and environmental parameters. A total of twelve species of crabs belonging to six families were identified in protected mangroves while only four species were documented in reforested mangroves. Perisesarma indiarum and Baptozius vinosus were the most dominant species in protected and reforested mangrove, respectively. Univariate analysis of variance of crab assemblage data revealed significant differences in crab composition and abundance between protected mangroves and from reforested mangroves (P<0.05).><0.05).Environmental factors and human intervention had contributed to the difference in crab assemblages in mangrove ecosystems.
Reforestation is one of the Philippines’ government efforts to restore and rehabilitate degraded mangrove ecosystems. Although there is recovery of the ecosystem in terms of vegetation, the recovery of closely-linked faunal species in terms of community structure is still understudied. This research investigates the community structure of mangrove crabs under two different management schemes: protected mangroves and reforested mangroves. The transect-plot method was employed in each management scheme to quantify the vegetation, crab assemblages and environmental variables. Community composition of crabs and mangrove trees were compared between protected and reforested mangroves using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and analysis of similarity in PRIMER 6. Chi-squared was used to test the variance of sex ration of the crabs. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was used to determine the relationship between crabs and environmental parameters. A total of twelve species of crabs belonging to six families were identified in protected mangroves while only four species were documented in reforested mangroves. Perisesarma indiarum and Baptozius vinosus were the most dominant species in protected and reforested mangrove, respectively. Univariate analysis of variance of crab assemblage data revealed significant differences in crab composition and abundance between protected mangroves and from reforested mangroves (P<0.05).><0.05).Environmental factors and human intervention had contributed to the difference in crab assemblages in mangrove ecosystems.
Ecosystem Services and Perception of Water Quality of Lake Barombi Kotto, Cam...ijtsrd
This study carried out in BarombiKotto was aimed at assessing ecosystem services provided by Lake BarombiKotto and its riparian vegetation and to determine the level of awareness of this community to threats to degradation of water quality and riparian vegetation. Two hundred semi structured questionnaires were administered to the inhabitants of BarombiKotto village using the purposive sampling method. The Likert rating method was used to derive quantitative data that was further analysed using SPSS version 17. Results revealed that, respondents depended on the lake and vegetation for the provision of water for drinking, domestic purposes, irrigation, transport, recreational and cultural activities and also on forest benefits like wood for fuel, construction and medicinal plants. Significant associations were found between age group, level of education and respondentsawareness about the threats to water quality and sustainable practices. Agriculture, harvest of wood for construction, high fishing rates, increasing abundance of aquatic weeds were identified as major threats to Lake BarombiKotto and its surrounding vegetation. Water quality attributes like reduced transparency, lake depth, and other parameters such as aquatic weeds and fish stocks have changed in Lake BarombiKotto. The absence of conventional waste management facilities in BarombiKotto community and poor sanitary conditions of toilets could be responsible for the contamination of this lake and hence the high prevalence of typhoid, dysentery and other gastrointestinal infections among respondents. Awo Miranda Egbe | Beatrice Ambo Fonge | Pascal Tabi Tabot ""Ecosystem Services and Perception of Water Quality of Lake Barombi Kotto, Cameroon"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23529.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/ecology/23529/ecosystem-services-and-perception-of-water-quality-of-lake-barombi-kotto-cameroon/awo-miranda-egbe
Regional and global elevational patterns of microbial species richness and ev...sediman
Although elevational gradients in microbial biodiversity have attracted increasing attention recently, the generality in the patterns and underlying mechanisms are still poorly resolved. Further, previous studies focused mostly on species richness, while left understudied evenness, another important aspect of biodiversity. Here, we studied the elevational patterns in species richness and evenness of stream bio lm bacteria and diatoms in six mountains in Asia and Europe. We also reviewed published results for elevational richness patterns for soil and stream microbes in a literature analysis. Our results revealed that even within the same ecosystem type (that is, stream) or geographical region, bacteria and diatoms showed contrasting patterns in diversity. Stream microbes, including present stream data, tend to show signi cantly increasing or decreasing elevational patterns in richness, contrasting the ndings for soil microbes that typically showed nonsigni cant or signi cantly decreasing patterns. In all six mountains for bacteria and in four mountains for diatoms, species richness and evenness were positively correlated. e variation in bacteria and diatom richness and evenness were substantially explained by anthropogenic driven factors, such as total phosphorus (TP). However, diatom richness and evenness were also related to di erent main drivers as richness was mostly related to pH, while evenness was most explained by TP. Our results highlight the lack of consistent elevational biodiversity patterns of microbes and further indicate that the two facets of biodiversity may respond di erently to environmental gradients.
Mapping and Monitoring Spatial-Temporal Cover Change of Prosopis Species Colo...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: This study integrates Gis and remote sensing to detect, quantify and monitor the rate at which Prosopis species colonization has been taking place since its introduction. Multi-date Landsat 30m resolution imageries covering a period of 25 years were classified into four classes i.e. Prosopis species dominated canopy, mixed woodland, grass land and bush land and finally bare land and agricultural fields. Change detection analysis was performed using 10% threshold to identify and quantify areas where change or No change has occurred. The results indicate that the area under bare land and agricultural fields decreased at a rate of 18.22% per year from 29% in 1985 to 3% in 1990. Between 2005 and 2010 it decreased from 9% in 2005 to 5% in 2010 at a rate of 8.94% per year. Prosopis species colonization has been increasing since 1985 where it was at 0% increasing to 51% in 1990 at a rate of 58.18% per year. Between 2005 and 2010 it decreased from 56% in 2005 to stand at 44% in 2010 at a rate of 4.34% per year. The study found out that there is no threat of desertification in the study area as a result of Prosopis species colonizing the landscape. More studies to be done to identify sustainable method of controlling Prosopis species colonization to avoid more loss of agricultural land and grazing fields.
Session 06, Introduction to biodiversity sample-based data publishing at the ...Alberto González-Talaván
This presentation sets the basic principles for the publishing of biodiversity information coming from sampling efforts. It was first presented in the training event for GBIF Participant nodes part of the 22nd meeting of the GBIF Governing Board.
Slide deck developed and presented by L. Smirnova (Royal Museum for Central Africa - Belgium).
Strengthening Capacity for Diagnosis and Management of Soil Micronutrient Deficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa for Improved Plant, Animal and Human Nutrition
Phylogenetic diversity of wild bees in BrusselsGregoire Noel
Study about my master thesis on phylogenetic diversity of wild bees in Brussels. This is the presentation at Research Training Group 1644 (RTG) symposium at Georg-August University Göttingen.
Ecosystem Services and Perception of Water Quality of Lake Barombi Kotto, Cam...ijtsrd
This study carried out in BarombiKotto was aimed at assessing ecosystem services provided by Lake BarombiKotto and its riparian vegetation and to determine the level of awareness of this community to threats to degradation of water quality and riparian vegetation. Two hundred semi structured questionnaires were administered to the inhabitants of BarombiKotto village using the purposive sampling method. The Likert rating method was used to derive quantitative data that was further analysed using SPSS version 17. Results revealed that, respondents depended on the lake and vegetation for the provision of water for drinking, domestic purposes, irrigation, transport, recreational and cultural activities and also on forest benefits like wood for fuel, construction and medicinal plants. Significant associations were found between age group, level of education and respondentsawareness about the threats to water quality and sustainable practices. Agriculture, harvest of wood for construction, high fishing rates, increasing abundance of aquatic weeds were identified as major threats to Lake BarombiKotto and its surrounding vegetation. Water quality attributes like reduced transparency, lake depth, and other parameters such as aquatic weeds and fish stocks have changed in Lake BarombiKotto. The absence of conventional waste management facilities in BarombiKotto community and poor sanitary conditions of toilets could be responsible for the contamination of this lake and hence the high prevalence of typhoid, dysentery and other gastrointestinal infections among respondents. Awo Miranda Egbe | Beatrice Ambo Fonge | Pascal Tabi Tabot ""Ecosystem Services and Perception of Water Quality of Lake Barombi Kotto, Cameroon"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23529.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/ecology/23529/ecosystem-services-and-perception-of-water-quality-of-lake-barombi-kotto-cameroon/awo-miranda-egbe
Regional and global elevational patterns of microbial species richness and ev...sediman
Although elevational gradients in microbial biodiversity have attracted increasing attention recently, the generality in the patterns and underlying mechanisms are still poorly resolved. Further, previous studies focused mostly on species richness, while left understudied evenness, another important aspect of biodiversity. Here, we studied the elevational patterns in species richness and evenness of stream bio lm bacteria and diatoms in six mountains in Asia and Europe. We also reviewed published results for elevational richness patterns for soil and stream microbes in a literature analysis. Our results revealed that even within the same ecosystem type (that is, stream) or geographical region, bacteria and diatoms showed contrasting patterns in diversity. Stream microbes, including present stream data, tend to show signi cantly increasing or decreasing elevational patterns in richness, contrasting the ndings for soil microbes that typically showed nonsigni cant or signi cantly decreasing patterns. In all six mountains for bacteria and in four mountains for diatoms, species richness and evenness were positively correlated. e variation in bacteria and diatom richness and evenness were substantially explained by anthropogenic driven factors, such as total phosphorus (TP). However, diatom richness and evenness were also related to di erent main drivers as richness was mostly related to pH, while evenness was most explained by TP. Our results highlight the lack of consistent elevational biodiversity patterns of microbes and further indicate that the two facets of biodiversity may respond di erently to environmental gradients.
Mapping and Monitoring Spatial-Temporal Cover Change of Prosopis Species Colo...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: This study integrates Gis and remote sensing to detect, quantify and monitor the rate at which Prosopis species colonization has been taking place since its introduction. Multi-date Landsat 30m resolution imageries covering a period of 25 years were classified into four classes i.e. Prosopis species dominated canopy, mixed woodland, grass land and bush land and finally bare land and agricultural fields. Change detection analysis was performed using 10% threshold to identify and quantify areas where change or No change has occurred. The results indicate that the area under bare land and agricultural fields decreased at a rate of 18.22% per year from 29% in 1985 to 3% in 1990. Between 2005 and 2010 it decreased from 9% in 2005 to 5% in 2010 at a rate of 8.94% per year. Prosopis species colonization has been increasing since 1985 where it was at 0% increasing to 51% in 1990 at a rate of 58.18% per year. Between 2005 and 2010 it decreased from 56% in 2005 to stand at 44% in 2010 at a rate of 4.34% per year. The study found out that there is no threat of desertification in the study area as a result of Prosopis species colonizing the landscape. More studies to be done to identify sustainable method of controlling Prosopis species colonization to avoid more loss of agricultural land and grazing fields.
Session 06, Introduction to biodiversity sample-based data publishing at the ...Alberto González-Talaván
This presentation sets the basic principles for the publishing of biodiversity information coming from sampling efforts. It was first presented in the training event for GBIF Participant nodes part of the 22nd meeting of the GBIF Governing Board.
Slide deck developed and presented by L. Smirnova (Royal Museum for Central Africa - Belgium).
Strengthening Capacity for Diagnosis and Management of Soil Micronutrient Deficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa for Improved Plant, Animal and Human Nutrition
Phylogenetic diversity of wild bees in BrusselsGregoire Noel
Study about my master thesis on phylogenetic diversity of wild bees in Brussels. This is the presentation at Research Training Group 1644 (RTG) symposium at Georg-August University Göttingen.
While bush meat consumption as a driver of deforestation has received international attention, understanding the roles played by women and men in the consumption of wild animals will be vital if the trade is to continue sustainably. This presentation gives an overview of CIFOR research on the roles and contributions of men and women in the hunting, trade, and consumption of bush meat within the value chain.
Robert Nasi, CIFOR Scientist and Leader of the CGIAR Research Programme on Forest, Trees, and Agroforestry (http://www.cifor.org/crp6/), gave this presentation at the first Africa Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO) and the Forestry Network for sub-Saharan Africa (FORNESSA), held in Nairobi, Kenya in June 2012.
Overview of the Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC) Uganda
Presentation given to IIED staff in April 2015
Medard Twinamatsiko -Social Research Leader Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC)-Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST)
An overview of the research being undertaken for the ‘Pro-poor responses to wildlife crime’ project.
This was presented by Henry Travers, of Imperial College, for the Uganda Wildlife Authority Planning Workshop in July 2015.
Supporting Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in Engare...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/in-action/incentives-for-ecosystem-services/en/
Presentation of the management of the Engaresero Maasai Pastoralist Heritage Area, Tanzania.
This is one of the presenation I gave in Wasgington DC at WWF US, during my November 2009 tour of the US where I talked about the the Buhsmeat probelm in East Africa at various venues including JGI, FWS, USAID.
The Bushmeat Crisis In Eastern Africa was a talk given to a visitng MSc class from University of Exeter at Naivasha\' Fisherman\'s Camp in January 2010.
Pro-poor wildife crime research project overviewIIED
This is a presentation by biodiversity team leader Dilys Roe, of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).
It presents an overview of the three-year project ‘Building capacity for pro-poor responses to wildlife crime in Uganda’, and the findings from the evidence review of the drivers and impacts of wildlife crime in Uganda, which was undertaken for the project.
Roe gave this presentation to open the project’s research workshop, which was held in Kampala, Uganda, on 25 May 2016.
More information: http://www.iied.org/building-capacity-for-pro-poor-responses-wildlife-crime-uganda
Knowledge, Attitudes and perceptions of the local people towards the conserva...AI Publications
Local attitudes and perceptions are important concepts toward wildlife conservation. The success of chimpanzee conservation relies on the perceptions and the willingness of the local population to contribute towards its conservation. This study evaluates the knowledge, attitude and perception of local communities towards chimpanzee conservation in the Tofala Hill Wildlife Sanctuary (THWS) in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Structured questions based on a questionnaire (open and close ended questions), Focus group discussion and Participatory rapid Appraisal tools and techniques were used to collect information from 300 participants within the participatory age group of 20years and above from six out of 14 villages (Nkong, Bangang, Besali, Bechati, Folepi and Fossimundi) around the THWS. Fifty individuals were sampled from each village and a maximum of 2 individuals (the head of household and one other active participant) participated from each household. Collected data were stored in Microsoft excel spreadsheets 2007 after importation into XLSTAT 2007. 8. 4 statistic software for the different statistical tests. Chi-square test and Spearman correlation were conducted at 0.05 level of significance. The knowledge of interviewees on chimpanzee presence was supported by 90.33% of participants. Local knowledge on the population status of chimpanzee shows that 61% affirmed that their population is reducing primarily due to hunting and habitat loss of poor agriculture. According to 67% of interviewees, benefiting from wildlife through tourism, seed dispersion, bush meat and medicine influenced local attitudes and perception toward chimpanzee conservation while their destructive habits through crop riding, inadequate farmland for agriculture and high income derived from the sales of chimpanzee makes 33% of the local population to change their attitude and perception toward chimpanzee conservation. People with no formal education (62.96%) did not found chimpanzee conservation important whereas more educated people (76.76%) found chimpanzee conservation a priority. Most respondents (57.04%) said the idea of chimpanzee conservation was not supported due to high income (15,500FCFA) generated from the sales of chimpanzee. Increasing public awareness of the benefits and values of chimpanzee conservation through media (radios, televisions and smart phones), handbills, bill boards, seminars and symposiums, and films could help mitigate the poor attitudes of the local population towards chimpanzee conservation. Instigating outreach programs to communities living in close proximity to chimpanzee and other wildlife species is often high on the agenda of conservation NGOs with the assumption that long-term change can best be achieved through accelerating change in societal attitudes towards wildlife.
Diversity and abundance of terrestrial mammals in the northern periphery of ...Innspub Net
The Tanoé-Ehy Marsh Forest (TEMF), an unprotected forest that is about to be turn into a voluntary nature reserve is a forest block in south-eastern Côte d’Ivoire known as being of great importance for the conservation of biodiversity. But in the rainy season, that forest is largely over flooded and terrestrial mammals are likely to move to the periphery and make them vulnerable to anthropogenic threats. Our objectives are to determine the diversity, the relative abundance of terrestrial mammals and their spatial distribution in the northern periphery of the TEMF during the rainy season. We collected data by conducting recce surveys after interviews with local people. In total, we obtained 33 species among which ten primates’ species were identified. According to the recce survey, the African Civet (Civettictis civetta) and the Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) are the most common and abundant species in the study area with 12.7% and 12.0% of relative abundance respectively. In addition, six of the listed species are on the IUCN Red List, including Piliocolobus waldronae, a critically endangered species, Cercocebus lunulatus and Cercopithecus roloway endangered species, Colobus vellerosus, Phataginus tetradactyla and Phataginus tricuspis, three vulnerable species. Thus, the consideration of the periphery for the sustainable management of the TEMF is proving to be an imperative.
A diachronic study on the evolution of the main ecosystems Tassili / Ahaggar ...Sahara Conservation Fund
Presented during the 17h Annual Sahelo-Saharan Interest Group Meeting organized by the NGO Sahara Conservation Fund in Senegal, from 4 to 6 May 2017. The Sahara Conservation Fund (SCF) gathers every year about a hundred people who are interested in the field of Sahelo-Saharan species conservation.
Propose Strategies to Enhance the Biodiversity Status and Traditional Knowled...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study entitle propose strategies to enhance the biodiversity status and traditional knowledge systems relevant for the conservation of Pan troglodytes ellioti was undertaken in the Kimbi-Fungom National Park (KWFR) and Kom-Wum Forest Reserve (KWFR) Northwest region of Cameroon. The main objective was to investigate sustainable tactics that will contribute to trim down pressure on Pan troglodytes ellioti and other flagship species around the study areas. Data collections were undertaken with the help of interviewed administered questionnaires, informal interview using interview guide, group discussion and direct observations activities. Following interviewees response, sixty eight (68%) of the respondents were confident that they could take up effective management of the K-FNP and K-WFR. Equally, 92% of respondents agreed to the fact that increasing population, poverty increment, insufficient modern health facilities, influx of new cultural activities due to loss of traditional taboos and totemic beliefs, remains greater threat to chimpanzees in the study areas. Most of the interviewees (74%) agreed that updating of knowledge on the abundance and distribution of chimpanzee, identifying location of all human activities especially huts, farms, shortcuts and illegal market in the park/reserve through regular patrols with eco-guards to reinforce order and ensure a better protection for chimpanzees is vital. Much more, 95% of respondent accepted the fact that old and new traditional knowledge of conservation such as taboos/law, totemic beliefs, sacred forests, royal species, automatic spiritual sanction, harvesting seasons should be revived and encourage through traditional institutions/council to better protect chimpanzees. Furthermore, 85% of interviewees accepted the suggestion that to get rid of poor traditional practices that uses chimpanzee’s body parts/meat for medicine and rituals, can be replace with goats, sheep, pig, fouls body parts/meat. To reduce over dependent and conflicts on chimpanzees products and other natural resources, 97% of the respondents were in favour that income generating micro-projects such as fish farming, animal rearing, and market gardening should be promoted. Providing jobs through ecotourism activities such as forest clearance and excursions, construction of adequate and equip infrastructures were highly welcome by 99% of interviewees. To attain all these, regular conservation educational programmes in schools, meeting places and in “ngumba” houses should be promoted to well sensitize population on chimpanzee’s conservation.
The Limit of Chill Method as a Non-Lethal Deterrent in Mitigating Human Eleph...inventionjournals
Despite the popularity of chill method in mitigating human-elephant conflict (HEC) in crops fields of areas adjacent or within unfenced protected areas ecosystem in Africa countries, there are some challenges facing application of the method resulting to food insecurity. The study aimed at examining limitation of chill method in mitigating HEC using Western Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania as a case study. Data were collected by using Survey and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods. Collected data were analysed by using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) software. The study revealed that human elephant conflicts were a big problem in two selected villages (namely Nyamburi and Bonchugu) for about 97%. In trying to solve the problem different mitigation measures were used by the local people to prevent elephants (Loxodontaafricanaafricana) from crops fields whereas chill method despite of its challenges seems to be effectives for about 83%. Major challenges which limit/hinder chill method in mitigating human elephant conflicts includes pepper types, availability and their effectiveness in producing chocking smell; weather conditions; and changing behaviour of elephants (Loxodontaafricanaafricana).
Indicators of resilience in Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seasca...Bioversity International
Bioversity International scientist Pablo Eyzaguirre presents on using resilience indicators in two landscapes/seascapes in Fiji and Mongolia. This was presented during the 5th IPSI Global Conference held just before the 2014 Convention on Biological Diversity conference in Pyeongchang, Korea.
Find out more about our work on landscapes: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/agricultural-ecosystems/landscapes/
Potential Distribution and Conservation of Endangered Bird Anthus sokokensis ...AI Publications
Ruvu-South Coastal Forest Reserve forms one of the most important coastal forests in Eastern Africa coastal belt. It provides important ecological habitat for most endemic and endangered fauna and flora species including endangered Sokoke pipit bird (Anthussokokensis). The study evaluated the potential distribution and conservation of globally endangered Sokoke pipit bird in Ruvu Coastal Forest Reserve in Tanzania. Specifically the project assessed the current population size, distribution, and habitat conditions of Sokoke pipit bird in the study area. Using National Forest Inventory protocol, a total of 9 tagged line transects were established 900m from each other and sample plots of 50m x 30m were laid at every 400m along tagged transects. In each sample plot, information about forest floor conditions, forest gaps and signs for forest disturbances were assessed.Study recorded a total of 201 disturbance events along all 13 transects. Tree cutting events were observed at highest frequency rate with 71 incidences compared to others; followed by fire damage incidences. Also the study recorded 28 Sokoke pipit birds distributed in 5 sample plots among all 39 plots surveyed.The mean density ofS.pipit bird found is0.02 birds/ha, with a projected overall bird population estimated at 611 individuals in the entire forest. The study recommends further studies to other parts of the forest reserve so as to identify other fundamental niche, endangered and endemic species. Also to enhance of forest management by local authority and raise conservation awareness to address human-mediated forest destruction.
Climatic variability and spatial distribution of herbaceous fodders in the Su...IJERA Editor
This study focused on future spatial distributions of Andropogon gayanus, Loxodera ledermanii and Alysicarpus
ovalifolius regarding bioclimatic variables in the Sudanian zone of Benin, particularly in the W Biosphere
Reserve (WBR). These species were selected according to their importance for animals feed and the
intensification of exploitation pressure induced change in their natural spatial distribution. Twenty (20)
bioclimatic variables were tested and variables with high auto-correlation values were eliminated. Then, we
retained seven climatic variables for the model. A MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy) method was used to identify all
climatic factors which determined the spatial distribution of the three species. Spatial distribution showed for
Andropogon gayanus, a regression of high area distribution in detriment of low and moderate areas. The same
trend was observed for Loxodera ledermannii spatial distribution. For Alysicarpus ovalifolius, currently area
with moderate and low distribution were the most represented but map showed in 2050 that area with high
distribution increased. We can deduce that without bioclimatic variables, others factors such as: biotic
interactions, dispersion constraints, anthropic pressure, human activities and another historic factor determined
spatial distribution of species. Modeling techniques that require only presence data are therefore extremely
valuable.
Climatic variability and spatial distribution of herbaceous fodders in the Su...IJERA Editor
This study focused on future spatial distributions of Andropogon gayanus, Loxodera ledermanii and Alysicarpus
ovalifolius regarding bioclimatic variables in the Sudanian zone of Benin, particularly in the W Biosphere
Reserve (WBR). These species were selected according to their importance for animals feed and the
intensification of exploitation pressure induced change in their natural spatial distribution. Twenty (20)
bioclimatic variables were tested and variables with high auto-correlation values were eliminated. Then, we
retained seven climatic variables for the model. A MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy) method was used to identify all
climatic factors which determined the spatial distribution of the three species. Spatial distribution showed for
Andropogon gayanus, a regression of high area distribution in detriment of low and moderate areas. The same
trend was observed for Loxodera ledermannii spatial distribution. For Alysicarpus ovalifolius, currently area
with moderate and low distribution were the most represented but map showed in 2050 that area with high
distribution increased. We can deduce that without bioclimatic variables, others factors such as: biotic
interactions, dispersion constraints, anthropic pressure, human activities and another historic factor determined
spatial distribution of species. Modeling techniques that require only presence data are therefore extremely
valuable.
Climatic variability and spatial distribution of herbaceous fodders in the Su...
PROJECT PREntn DAVID
1. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF
ONGAYO-GEMBE HILLS ECOSYSTEM FOR
ESTABLISHMENT OF A WILDLIFE
SANCTUARY IN SUBA SUB-COUNTY
NAME:DAVID ADINDA
ADM:DWM/300/014/024
SUPERVISOR:MR.ASHER ODHIAMBO
Date: 10/03/2016
2. JUSTIFICATION
The researcher anticipated the study to be a vital one
and sought to find the reality on this region’s
potentials for establishment of wildlife sanctuary.
Significance of the study
The findings of this study provide a basis
for protected area managers and decision-
makers to formulate or modify existing
conservation strategies for the PAs.
3. Research questions
• What were the biodiversity resources found in
Ongayo-Gembe hills ecosystem in Suba Sub County?
• How would the establishment of wildlife sanctuary as
a land use impact on people, development and other
activities in Ongayo-Gembe area in Suba Sub-
County?
• What were the local communities’ attitudes and
perception towards wildlife conservation in Ongayo-
Gembe ecosystem in Suba Sub County?
4. Research Objectives
• To document the biodiversity resources found in
Ongayo-Gembe ecosystem in Suba sub-County.
• To examine the possible impacts of establishment of
wildlife sanctuary on people, development and other
activities in Ongayo-Gembe ecosystem in Suba Sub
County.
• To examine the local communities’ attitudes and
perceptions towards wildlife sanctuary establishment in
Ongayo-Gembe hills ecosystem in Suba Sub County.
5. Scope of the study
This research study was carried covered
Ong’ayo and Nyandiwa villages of the central
division of Suba Sub County in Homa Bay
County of the larger Nyanza province.
Research Methodology
Design- This study adopted both survey and
naturalistic observation design. Unobtrusive
observation was employed to evaluate wildlife
resource
6. Study population
The study populations encompassed the local
communities in Kaksingiri East location of the
central division, Suba sub county.
Sample size
A sum of 40 questionnaire were distribute in the
two villages depending on their population
densities as follows:
Ong’ayo = (3893÷9787x40) =16,
Nyandiwa= (5894÷9787x40) = 24
7. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
For biodiversity resources inventory, the area
was divided into 10 blocks of 100x100m from
the boundary of Gembe hills.
In each block, four transects of 100m2 running
from one end of each other were established to
sample birds, mammals, reptiles and
amphibians.
8. DATAANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
• Data collected were analyzed using Microsoft Excel
for frequency and percentages. The findings are
presented in graphs and frequency tables.
Research limitations
Competing daily chores among respondents
especially in farms made it very difficult to find them
at home.
Un-predictable weather conditions made it hard to do
data collection during some days of the research
period.
9. From the result above, Males (63.3%) Females
(36.7%). On Age factor the respondents between31-40
(30%),41-50 (26.7%),21-30 (23.3%),18-20(13.3%) and
lastly 50< (6.7%).
10.
11.
12. The above figure shows the biodiversity resource in Ongayo-
Gembe hills in terms of habitat types with forest at 48%,
ecotones 15%,Grassland 14%, shrub and bush land at 10% each
while wetland is 3%
13. The figure above illustrates some of the possible outcomes
that the respondents associate with the establishment of the
wildlife sanctuary in the Ongayo-Gembe hills ecosystem.
14. Local communities’ attitudes and perceptions
towards wildlife sanctuary establishment in Ongayo-
Gembe hills ecosystem in Suba sub county.
15. DISCUSION
Biodiversity Resources found in Ongayo-Gembe hills ecosystem
The wide range of habitats that stretch across this ecosystem has made it
possible for great diversity of animals which includes an abundance of
birdlife, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and even insect as each taxa finds
at least a home that suits its daily living conditions.
Possible Impacts of establishment of a wildlife sanctuary in
the Ongayo-Gembe hills area.
The study found out that employment opportunities ,
infrastructural development , Social amenities development,
Abolition of agriculture are some of the possible impacts that
may arise from the establishment of the wildlife sanctuary
16. Local communities’ attitudes and perceptions towards
wildlife sanctuary establishment in Ongayo-Gembe hills
ecosystem
Study found that possible denied access to important
livelihood source since protected areas in developing
countries are often viewed as a source of income
from timber, oil, mineral exploitation, or tourism by
the government (Putz, 1988) .
Lack of involvement of the community members
Possible HWC, culture erosion from tourist activities
were some perceptions of the respondents.
17. CONCLUSION
The study found out that Ongayo-Gembe hills ecosystem
has a very high potential for wildlife conservation basing
on the abundance of indigenous habitats with indigenous
plant and animal life
RECOMMENDATION
I recommend the county government of Homa bay to
take an initiative of facilitating such projects as a way
of enhancing community development while
improving its tax base and revenue generation.
I recommend other researchers to conduct their
studies in the same area so as to determine some other
crucial components of this ecosystem that might not
have been touch during this study.