The story tells of Prince Bantugan, a good and brave ruler of the Kingdom of Bumbaran. However, his older brother the king grew jealous of Prince Bantugan's popularity. When the kingdom was attacked, Prince Bantugan led the troops to victory but knew his brother hated him. He decided to leave. Meanwhile in another kingdom, Princess Datimbang fell in love with Prince Bantugan after he collapsed at the kingdom's gates and died. Through the help of parrots and his repentant brother, Prince Bantugan was resurrected and later married Princess Datimbang.

1. summary of epic story Aliguyon
In the mountainous regions of Northern Luzon, a hudhud is a long tale
sung during special occasions. This particular long tale is sung during harvest. A
favorite topic of the hudhud is a folk hero named Aliguyon, a brave warrior.
Once upon a time, in a village called Hannanga, a boy was born to the
couple named Amtalao and Dumulao. He was called Aliguyon. He was an intelligent,
eager young man who wanted to learn many things, and indeed, he learned many
useful things, from the stories and teachings of his father. He learned how to fight
well and chant a few magic spells. Even as a child, he was a leader, for the other
children of his village looked up to him with awe.
Upon leaving childhood, Aliguyon betook himself to gather forces to
fight against his father's enemy, who was Pangaiwan of the village of Daligdigan.
But his challenge was not answered personally by Pangaiwan. Instead, he faced
Pangaiwan's fierceson, Pumbakhayon. Pumbakhayon was just as skilled in the arts
of war and magic as Aliguyon. The two of them battled each other for three years,
and neither of them showed signs of defeat.
Their battle was a tedious one, and it has been said that they both
used only one spear! Aliguyon had thrown a spear to his opponent at the start of
their match, but the fair Pumbakhayon had caught it deftly with one hand. And then
Pumbakhayon threw the spear back to Aliguyon, who picked it just as neatly from
the air.
At length Aliguyon and Pumbakhayon came to respect each
other, and then eventually they came to admire each other talents. Their fighting
stopped suddenly. Between the two of them they drafted a peace treaty between
Hannanga and Daligdigan, which their peoples readily agreed to. It was fine to
behold two majestic warriors finally side by side.
http://sci-marinduque.blogspot.com/2012/07/summary-of-epic-story-aliguyon.html

2. Basic Elements of a Myth
1. A story of unknown authorship told “long ago.”
2. Ithas a narrator who tells the story
3. Myths are early man's desire to explainthe universe. (Ex.: Apollo,the son of
Zeus, drove the chariot of the sun across the sky.) The attempt to answer serious
questions about the world around the people of that culture, dealing with nature,
science, and human behavior…
a. To explain natural phenomena or an occurrence.
b. To explain the creationof the world.
c. To teach people moral lessons.
d. To explain some historical event.
e. To explain some ancient religious practices.
f. To reveal the common hopes and fears of mankind
4. Includes supernatural beings. The gods, goddesses, and heroes are super human
in nature. (Ex.: Atlas bore the weight of the world and heavens on his shoulders.)

3. 5. Human emotions are experienced by the gods. (Ex.: Hera was jealous. Demeter
mourned the loss of her daughter when her daughter was abducted.)
6. Gods sometimes appear in disguised form. (Ex.: Zeus came to Hera as a poorbird
caught in a storm. Athena appeared as an old woman and challenged Arachne to a
weaving contest.)
7. Follows regular storyline (plot) with a conflict that comes to an interesting
resolution
8. Often contains a metamorphosis. Ex.: Smyrna is turned into a myrrh tree.)
9. Magic is often present in myths. (Ex.: Athena came full-grown out of the forehead
of Zeus.
https://www.google.com.ph/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=n-52WYbwL_TC8Aee7oXoDA#q=elements+of+a+myth
Symbolism Definition
Symbolism is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by
giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal
sense.
Symbolism can take different forms. Generally, it is an object
representing another to give it an entirely different meaning that is

4. much deeper and more significant. Sometimes, however, an action,
an event or a word spoken by someone may have a symbolic value.
For instance, “smile” is a symbol of friendship. Similarly, the action of
someone smiling at you may stand as a symbol of the feeling of
affection which that person has for you.
Symbols do shift their meanings depending on the context they are
used in. “A chain”, for example, may stand for “union” as well as
“imprisonment”. Thus, symbolic meaning of an object or an action is
understood by when, where and how it is used. It also depends on
who reads them.
Common Examples of Symbolism in Everyday Life
In our daily life, we can easily identify objects, which can be taken as
examples of symbol such as the following:
 The dove is a symbol of peace.
 A red rose or red color stands for love or romance.
 Black is a symbol that represents evil or death.
 A ladder may stand as a symbol for a connection between the
heaven and the earth.
 A broken mirror may symbolize separation
Symbolism Examples in Literature
To develop symbolism in his work, a writer utilizes other figures of
speech, like metaphors, similes,allegory, as tools. Some symbolism
examples in literature are listed below with brief analysis:

5. Example #1
We find symbolic value in Shakespeare’s famous monologue in his
play As you Like It:
“All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
they have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,”
The above lines are symbolic of the fact that men and women, in
course of their life perform different roles. “A stage” here symbolizes
the world and “players” is a symbol for human beings.
Example #2
William Blake goes symbolic in his poem Ah Sunflower. He says:
“Ah Sunflower, weary of time,
Who countest the steps of the sun;
Seeking after that sweet golden clime
Where the traveler’s journey is done;”
Blake uses a sunflower as a symbol for human beings and “the sun”
symbolizes life. Therefore, these lines symbolically refer to their life
cycle and their yearning for a never-ending life.
Example #3

6. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights presents almost every character,
house, surroundings and events in a symbolic perspective. The word
“Wuthering”, which means stormy, represents the wild nature of its
inhabitants. The following lines allow us to look into the symbolic
nature of two characters:
“My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods. Time will change it;
I’m well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff
resembles the eternal rocks beneath a source of little visible delight,
but necessary.”
The phrase “foliage of leaves” for Linton is a symbol for his fertile and
civilized nature. On the contrary, Heathcliff is likened to an “eternal
rock” which symbolizes his crude and unbendable nature.
Example #4
Sara Teasdale in her poem Wild Asters develops a number of striking
symbols:
“In the spring, I asked the daisies
If his words were true,
And the clever, clear-eyed daisies
Always knew.
Now the fields are brown and barren,
Bitter autumn blows,

7. And of all the stupid asters
Not one knows.”
In the above lines, “spring” and “daisies” are symbols of youth. “Brown
and barren” are symbols oftransition from youth to old age. Moreover,
“Bitter autumn” symbolizes death.
Function of Symbolism
Symbolism gives a writer freedom to add double levels of meanings to
his work: a literal one that is self-evident and the symbolic one whose
meaning is far more profound than the literal one. The symbolism,
therefore, gives universality to the characters and the themes of a
piece of literature. Symbolism in literature evokes interest in readers
as they find an opportunity to get an insight of the writer’s mind on
how he views the world and how he thinks of common objects and
actions, having broader implications.
https://literarydevices.net/symbolism/
Summaryof goodprince bantugan
The Kingdomof Bumbaranwere ruledbythe old king.Butthe oldkingwas full envytowardhis
youngerbrother,Prince Bantugan.Prince Bantuganwassohandsome,goodandbrave.Everytime
someone praisedhim.The oldkinglookedangrywithhim.One dayenemiesattackedthe kingdomof
Bumbaranand Prince Bantuganledhismento defendthe kingdom,the evil kingplottedagainstthe
goodprince.SoonPrince Bantuganreturnedvictoriousfromthe battle.He knew thathisbrotherhated
him,so he decidedtoleftthe kingdomof Bumbaran.Inhisjourneyhe heardaboutthe beautiful landof
the Kingdom-Between-Two-Seas.Itwasruledbya goodkingand the beautiful princessDatimbang,his
sister.He decidedtogo tothat kingdom.Butwhenhe stoodoutside the gates.He suddenlyfeltvery
weak.Prince Bantuganfell tothe groundanddied.The kingand the princessof the kingdomwere
shockedwhentheysawthe strangerlying.PrincessDatimbangfalleninlove tothe stranger.Noone
knewwhothe stranger.The kingmade proclamationthatall of hispeople mustcome tolookat the

8. prince so thathe wouldknowwhowasthat mancame from.But no one knew who'sthatman. The two
parrot talkingeachotheraboutPrince Bantugan.The parrot of Prince Bantugansaid,I lostmymaster,
he leftBumbarannevertoreturn.Anotherparrotsaid.He is dead.Butyou can see hisbodyinthe
palace where he islyinginroyal state.The parrot flew tothe palace.He saw hismaster's body,andsaid,
he was so goodto hispeople.He defendedtheminwar.He curedthe people whentheyweresick.
Whenthe kingheardwhat the parrot said.He broughtthe bodyof Prince Bantuganintothe kingdomof
Bumbaran.Everyone quieredforthe goodPrince Bantugan.Hisbrotherwas full of repentance.Blaming
himself forthe deathof hisbrother.Prince Madali hisbrotherlovedhimsomuch.He got the soul of
Prince Bantuganfromthe angel of death.Whenhe reachedthe palace of Bumbaranthenhe transferred
the soul of Prince Bantuganto hisbody.The bodystirredPrince Bantuganalive asif justawakenedfrom
a deepsleep.Theycelebratedthe returnof theirPrince.LaterPrince BantuganmarriedPrincess
Datimbang.
http://sci-marinduque.blogspot.com/2012/07/summary-of-good-prince-bantugan.html
1. 1. ELEMENTS of PLOT Be sure to take notes of each slide and be prepared to apply
the information you receive in today’s lesson.
2. 2. <ul><li>All stories have a plot. </li></ul><ul><li>The plot is just a name for a
sequence of events. </li></ul><ul><li>Every plot should have an Exposition, Rising
and Falling action, Climax, and Resolution. </li></ul>Plot
3. 3. The exposition is the part of a story when the character(s) and setting are
introduced. Expostion EXPOSTION
4. 4. Conflict Conflict is a struggle or problem. It occurs in 3 phases: Rising Action,
Climax, and Falling Action. This adds suspense and excitement to a story. There are
4 types of conflict. EXPOSTION CONFLICT
5. 5. Four Major Types of Conflict <ul><li>Character versus Nature
</li></ul><ul><li>Character versus Themselves </li></ul><ul><li>Character versus
Society </li></ul><ul><li>Character versus Character </li></ul>VS VS VS VS
6. 6. Rising action is the events that increase the tension. These events lead to the
climax. Rising Action EXPOSTION CONFLICT RISING ACTION
7. 7. The climax can be one or many problems that create the high point of the story.
Usually at the climax, you can foreshadow the story’s ending. Climax CLIMAX
RISING ACTION CONFLICT EXPOSTION
8. 8. Falling action is when the tension decreases and everything begins to settle down.
Falling Action CLIMAX FALLING ACTION RISING ACTION CONFLICT
EXPOSTION
9. 9. Resolution is when the conflict has been solved and usually indicates the
ending…and possibly even “happily ever after”. Resolution EXPOSTION CONFLICT
RESOLUTION FALLING ACTION CLIMAX RISING ACTION
10. 10. Plot Now that you have learned more about plot, Let’s review a few pointers
about each element and make sure that our notes are complete . EXPOSTION
RISING ACTION CLIMAX FALLING ACTION RESOLUTION
https://www.slideshare.net/guest6bbfe8d/elements-of-plot

9. 1. 1. QUESTION TAGS
2. 2. QUESTION TAGS * Question tags are short form at the end of statements. They
are mainly used in speech when we want to confirm something or when we want to
find out if something is true or not. - It isn’t a dog, is it? - They are cats, aren’t they? *
Question tags are formed with the auxiliary or modal verb from the main sentence
and the appropriate subject pronoun. - Karen is learning to drive, isn’t she? - Mark
can’t ride a horse, can he?
3. 3. <ul><li>* We use a negative question tag after a positive sentence.
</li></ul><ul><li>- Kate will be here soon, won’t she? </li></ul><ul><li>- There was a
lot of traffic, wasn’t there? </li></ul><ul><li>- Michael should pass the exam,
shouldn’t he? </li></ul><ul><li>We use a positive question tag after a negative
sentence. </li></ul><ul><li>- Kate won’t be late, will she? </li></ul><ul><li>- They
don’t like us, do they? </li></ul><ul><li>- You haven’t got a car, have you? </li></ul>
4. 4. * When the verb of the sentence is in the present or past simple , we form the
question tag with do/does or did and the subject pronoun. - John doesn’t like golf,
does he? - They left for Milan, didn’t they? * When the sentence contains a word with
a negative meaning like never , hardly , seldom or rarely , the question tag is
positive. - They hardly ever go to the theatre, do they? - He never plays tennis, does
he?
5. 5. <ul><li>Some verbs/expressions form question tags differently. </li></ul><ul><li>-
I am -> aren’t I? I am thin, aren’t I? </li></ul><ul><li>- Imperative -> will/won’t you
Stop talking, will/won’t you? </li></ul><ul><li>- Don’t -> will you? Don’t talk, will you?
</li></ul><ul><li>- Let’s -> shall we? Let’s go out, shall we? </li></ul><ul><li>- I have
(got) -> haven’t I (I possess) </li></ul><ul><li>She has got a bike, hasn’t she?
</li></ul><ul><li>- I have -> don’t I (other meanings) </li></ul><ul><li>You have
lunch at three o’clock, don’t you? </li></ul><ul><li>- There is/are -> isn’t/aren’t there
</li></ul><ul><li>There is an envelope on the desk, isn’t there? </li></ul><ul><li>-
This /That is-> isn’t it? This is Pam’s shirt, isn’t it? </li></ul>
6. 6. ANYTHING-NOTHING-EVERTHING-SOMETHING = IT SOMEBODY-
SOMEONE-EVERYBODY-EVERYONE-ANYBODY-ANYONE-NOBODY-NO ONE =
THEY
7. 7. Examples: 1) I like wearing colourful costumes, don’t I? 2) She went to cinema
last week, didn’t she? 3) I have to wear uniform in the school, don’t I? 4) Sheila
hasn’t written any novels, has she? 5) Kübra can’t play football well, can she? 6) I’m
from Mersin, aren’t I? 7) I’m not from Mersin, am I? 8) Duygu is going to read her
English story book next weekend, isn’t she? 9) There is a tape-recorder on the table,
isn’t there? 10) This is a worksheet, isn’t it? 11) Don’t give me advice, will you?
8. 8. 12) Give an example please, will you? 13) Sit down, will you? 14) Let’s go to
party, shall we? 15) Let’s play a game, shall we? 16) Somebody is at the door, aren’t
they? 17) Everybody is thinking about the quiz, aren’t they? 18) Nobody called me
yesterday, did they? 19) Everything was done to save the rainforest, wasn’t it? 20)
Sultan never drinks beer, does she? 21) My mother rarely goes out with her friends,
does she? 22) Hülya has never been to Paris, has she? 23) My friend seldom has an
argument with somebody, does she?
https://www.slideshare.net/kokopandaz/question-tags-1893531