Suffrage and civil rights
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The 15th Amendment extended suffrage to African American men in 1870 but was not enforced, allowing Southern states to prevent African Americans from voting through violence, taxes, literacy tests, and gerrymandering for over 90 years. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 made racial discrimination in voting illegal and suspended literacy tests, increasing African American voter turnout. The Voting Rights Act required states with a history of voter discrimination to get federal approval for any changes to election procedures to prevent continued disenfranchisement.
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The 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870, prohibited the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." This was a response to the post-Civil War denial of voting rights to African American males. The amendment applied to all African Americans and other races. It had major consequences, leading to the Voting Rights Act of 1965 which protected voting rights. However, states still found ways to restrict African American voting through poll taxes, literacy tests, and violence up until the Voting Rights Act.
Participating in Government
The document discusses voting and political participation in the United States. It covers the history of voting rights in the country, from only white male landowners being allowed to vote initially, to the gradual expansion of suffrage to all adult citizens over time through constitutional amendments and legislation. The document also examines factors that influence voter turnout, such as demographics, methods of voting, and comparisons to turnout rates in other established democracies.
Voting Rights Act
The Supreme Court struck down key provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Provision 4 established a coverage formula that identified jurisdictions with a history of voter suppression based on whether they had used voting tests or had low voter turnout. Provision 5 then required these jurisdictions to get any voting changes pre-approved. The Court eliminated the coverage formula, invalidating Provision 5. This means restrictive voting laws in states like South Carolina can now go into effect without review, weakening protections for minority voters and potentially returning voting rights to levels before the Voting Rights Act.
Chapter 6 voter behavior
The document summarizes the history of suffrage and voting rights in the United States. It discusses how the right to vote has expanded over time from only white male property owners being able to vote, to all citizens over 18 years of age. It describes the elimination of restrictions on things like race, sex, religion, and property ownership. Key events and amendments that expanded voting rights included the 15th, 19th, 23rd, 24th, and 26th amendments. States have also gradually reduced restrictions on residency requirements and voter registration over time.
19 constitutional amendments
The document summarizes amendments 11-27 to the US Constitution. It provides details on each amendment such as the purpose, background, and any limitations. Key amendments include the 13th abolishing slavery, 14th defining citizenship and equal protection, 15th granting voting rights regardless of race, 16th establishing income tax, 19th giving women the right to vote, and 21st repealing prohibition.
Suffrage and election
The document defines suffrage and elections in the context of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. It states that suffrage is the right to vote enjoyed by citizens, which allows them to participate in establishing and administering government through elections, plebiscites, referendums, initiatives and recalls. It further outlines the qualifications to vote, types of suffrage (e.g. universal, woman), rules governing elections, and the Philippine electoral system.
Standard 10
Presidential Reconstruction aimed to quickly readmit southern states to the Union with lenient terms, but it failed to protect the rights of freed slaves. Radical Republican Reconstruction required southern states to rewrite constitutions guaranteeing black rights and ratify the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. However, the Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction, removing federal troops and protection for freed slaves as the South imposed Jim Crow laws and disenfranchised most black voters.
GOV4A: United States Politics - A Complete Overview
The document provides an overview of the government of the United States, including its Constitution, branches of government, and concepts of federalism. It discusses the origins of the US beginning with the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the problems with the Articles of Confederation. It then summarizes the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 and the creation of the US Constitution, as well as subsequent amendments like the Bill of Rights. The summary also outlines the three branches of government established by the Constitution - the legislative, executive, and judicial branches - and how they check and balance each other's powers. It also examines the concept of federalism and how it has evolved over time in the US system of government.
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The Legislative Branch creates laws through Congress, which consists of the Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate has two senators per state who serve six-year terms, while the House has 435 members based on population who serve two-year terms. Members of Congress must be at least 25 years old for the House or 30 for the Senate, citizens for at least seven or nine years respectively, and inhabitants of their states. Their roles include legislating, representing constituents, and overseeing the executive branch through committees. They receive salaries around $174,000 along with various benefits and perks.
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The document discusses the two-party system of American government. It provides historical context for how the two-party system emerged and has been maintained over time through factors like single-member districts, winner-take-all elections, and laws protecting the major parties. While the two parties aim to find consensus, there have been times of ideological division in US history around issues like the Civil War and Vietnam War. The document also contrasts the two-party system with multiparty systems in other countries.
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