This white paper discusses using 60GHz wireless backhaul to address increasing mobile data demand in dense urban areas. It describes trends in mobile network architecture including replacing old base stations with higher capacity ones, increasing base station density, and adding small cells. 60GHz technology provides benefits for these "metro cell" deployments, including high bandwidth, low interference between links due to oxygen absorption, and small form factor equipment suitable for placement on street furniture. A case study examines replacing an existing Nokia microwave radio product with a new 60GHz solution to backhaul increased traffic from new small cells and base stations.

1. White Paper
60GHz Metro Cell and Small Cell Backhauling for Service Providers
Backhaul traffic in dense city areas, extend service to previously inaccessible
locations with small, low power, environmentally friendly backhauling
equipment, remove bottlenecks, replace existing but end of life infrastructure
such as the Nokia MetroHopper microwave radios.
Frank Pauer & Grant Grafton
Sub10Systems Sales and Marketing
Sub10 Systems Limited
Ash House
Canal Way
Kingsteignton
Newton Abbot
Devon,TQ12 3RZ
United Kingdom
+44 (0)1626 818520
info@sub10systems.com
www.sub10systems.com

2. 60GHz Metro Cell and Small Cell Backhauling for Service Providers
Contents
1. Introduction…………………..…………………………………………………………..………………………..….... 3
2. Trends & Aspects of Metro-Cell Deployments……………………………………………….……………. 3
3. 60 GHz for High-Bandwidth & Dense Wireless Backhauling……………………………….….……. 5
4. Small form factor, energy efficient backhauling infrastructure becomes critical…………. 6
5. Case Study: Interference free replacement of Nokia MetroHopper installations……..…. 7
6. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..... 8
Copyright ©2011, Sub10Systems Limited

3. 60GHz Metro Cell and Small Cell Backhauling for Service Providers
1. Introduction
In the highly competitive telecommunications arena with heavily growing bandwidth demand for
mobile data applications, Service Providers and telecom companies have to continually expand the
data capacity of their networks, especially in dense city areas. Owing to existing cellular Base
Transceiving Stations (BTS) reaching their capacity limits, new network design approaches are
required. One of the main challenges of these new network designs is how to backhaul traffic from
Metro-Cell BTS.
This paper provides:
• An overview of the current network architecture trends of some mobile operators
• Challenges of those approaches, especially relating to backhaul design
• Solutions to ensure a cost effective, adequate and reliable backhaul solution that will avoid
the creation of bottlenecks within the network while reducing CapEX and OpEX
2. Trends & Aspects of Metro-Cell Deployments
Increasing mobile data demand and the opportunity to generate higher Average Revenue Per User
(ARPU), by offering increased mobile bandwidth, is currently requiring Service Providers to make
significant increases in their network capacities.
Global mobile yearly data traffic forecast for year 2015
80
Widescreen Devices
70
Smartphone
60 Feature Phone
Global ExaByte per Year
50
40
30
20
10
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
Source: Alcatel-Lucent; (ECC Report; Oct 2011)
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4. 60GHz Metro Cell and Small Cell Backhauling for Service Providers
Most operators are currently combining three different approaches to ensure a higher data capacity
at street level:
• Replace existing BTS with higher capacity BTS by a shift of technology from 3G to 4G
• Significantly increasing the number of traditional BTS per km²
• Improving and expanding coverage, by installing “Small Cells” in dense areas at street level,
thus relieving the demand on the capacity of the traditional BTS
New Cellular Network Design
Source: ECC Report; Oct 2011
20112011
This new access layer network design has an incremental impact on backhaul design:
Higher Bandwidth Capacity of BTS
• New 3G & 4G Technologies provide higher bandwidth over the air
• Ethernet & IP begin to dominate
• Legacy TDM & ATM no longer meet backhaul capacity requirements
Much higher Base Station Density especially in dense areas
• More 3G/4G BTS are required to meet bandwidth demand
• Traditional licensed microwave frequency spectrum limited and usually licensed
Small Cells installed on City street furniture like e.g. Light Poles
• Backhauling via fibre/cable in many cases not possible & expensive
• Traditional Microwave not suitable due to size of hardware + frequency availability
Copyright ©2011, Sub10Systems Limited

5. 60GHz Metro Cell and Small Cell Backhauling for Service Providers
3. 60 GHz – A Frequency for Wireless Backhauling with many advantages
60 GHz was always seen as a less favourable frequency, due to the sharp oxygen absorption peak of
16 dB/km across the band. This means that in addition to the Free Space Loss (FSL) oxygen
absorption loss must be taken into account and a margin allowed for rain fade. As a result, under
perfect conditions, a maximum link distance of up to 1500 metres is possible.
This could be considered a disadvantage in traditional network design, where a Microwave link
would mostly be used for distances beyond 1500 metres. However, for Metro Cell deployments, high
oxygen absorption and the associated reduced range, becomes a real benefit compared to
traditional microwave or other wireless backhauling solutions:
• Hundreds of links can be installed in a dense area
• Very low interference between the PTP links or other 60 GHz devices in the field
• High bandwidth of up to 1 Gigabit/s (full duplex) per link
• Carrier Class availability within the given distance recommendations
Oxygen Absorption by Frequency
60 GHz ; 16 dB/km
23 GHz ; 0.2 dB/km
38 ~ 70-80 GHz; <0.2 dB/km
The official regulatory view on the use of 60 GHz
Because of the characteristics of 60 GHz, CEPT and ETSI recommend that a “light licensing
regime” shall be used in the band 57-63 GHz. As a result, in many countries, this band is
“license exempt”.
ECC/REC/(09)01 summarises a ‘light licensing regime’ as follows: “Light licensing regime,
where the position of and characteristics of the stations are recorded on a data base on a
first-come-first-served basis, with responsibility for subsequent users to ensure the
compatibility with previously notified stations”.
Copyright ©2011, Sub10Systems Limited

6. 60GHz Metro Cell and Small Cell Backhauling for Service Providers
4. Small Form Factor and Unobtrusive Infrastructure Becomes Critical
Until recently, the design and form factor of wireless backhauling solutions were not of great
importance to Service Providers, since they were typically mounted on high masts and unlikely to be
seen from ground level.
This concept is currently changing with the new Metro Cell and Small Cell network designs being
rolled-out. Cellular BTS are being moved much closer to the ground, sometimes almost down to
street level, e.g. on top of low buildings or light poles/lamp standards. Moving communications
equipment this close to the public means that installing a large traditional microwave to backhaul
these BTS would simply not be an option.
With the Liberator-V320 and V1000, Sub10 Systems offers an all-outdoor solution benefiting from
the advantages of 60 GHz as well as offering a small, energy efficient and highly robust design.
The Liberator-V320 Solution
The Liberator-V320 is ideally suited for the backhauling of Small Cells in dense
inner city areas delivering up to 320 Mbps Full-Duplex Net throughput in QPSK
and up to 160 Mbps Full-Duplex in BPSK mode.
Weighing just 2.5 kg and measuring a compact 182x182x68mm, the Outdoor
Unit (ODU) is easy and quick to deploy. Moreover, the ODU can be easily hidden
and/or camouflaged, making identification as a PTP link unlikely.
The Liberator-V1000 Solution
The Liberator-V1000 has been developed to solve bandwidth bottlenecks in
Metro Cell Networks and to be used as a last-mile fibre/leased line replacement
for business customers in city environments.
The V1000 supports up to 1 Gbps Full-Duplex Net throughput, at an availability
level of up to 99.999%. The form factor of the ODU is identical to that of the
Liberator-V320.
Sub10 is delivering both systems as a “Link-in-a-Box”, with all required accessories, which helps to
reduce the logistical challenge of a large scale roll-out. Additionally, both products come with a 24
month standard warranty and are easily installed and managed.
Copyright ©2011, Sub10Systems Limited

7. 60GHz Metro Cell and Small Cell Backhauling for Service Providers
5. Case Study: Replacing Nokia MetroHopper Installations
The Nokia MetroHopper is a 58GHz TDD PTP Radio Link that supports up to 4 x E1, delivering a total
of 8Mbps over a single radio hop. The MetroHopper has been installed by many Service Providers to
backhaul BTS traffic, generally in dense city deployments, worldwide, during GSM roll-outs.
Due to bandwidth limitations, Nokia Siemens Networks decided to inform the market, in 2010, that
the MetroHopper product was reaching ‘End of Life’, leaving Service Providers without an equivalent
alternative in the same frequency band. One of the affected customers was a large Austrian Service
Provider who, at very short notice, had to find a cost effective solution to replace more than 100
MetroHopper Links in Vienna.
To have replaced the MetroHopper with traditional licensed microwave would have caused high
additional CapEx and increasing OpEx, since most of the MetroHopper sites were not suitable for the
bigger microwave antennas & ODUs. Moreover, 60 GHz is lightly licensed in Austria, unlike 38GHz for
example where a significant annual fee has to be paid.
After an intense technology and business evaluation the decision was made to replace all
MetroHopper Links in Austria with the Liberator-V320 from Sub10 Systems owing to the following
advantages:
• Removal all indoor equipment other than a small Power over Ethernet (PoE) injector
• The only 60 GHz system in the market meeting their Carrier Class requirements and
conforming with spectrum regulations, size, product quality and link availability
• Bandwidth increased from 8 Mbps to 320 Mbps
• No additional civil works required due to small size and low power consumption
Copyright ©2011, Sub10Systems Limited

8. 60GHz Metro Cell and Small Cell Backhauling for Service Providers
The remaining concern was that a phased replacement of MetroHopper links in a dense urban
network could lead to mutual interference between closely adjacent systems. A theoretical study by
a spectrum analyst predicted this would not be an issue. After the first roll-out, this study was
proven to be correct, as one site with 5 x MetroHoppers and 3 x Liberator-V320 on the same mast
did not experience any mutual interference.
There are now close almost 100 Sub10 Liberator-V320 links operating faultlessly within the network.
6. Conclusion
With the steady increase of mobile data demand, Service Providers need to constantly expand their
total network capacities. In order to meet the needs of their customers, Service Providers are finding
it necessary to change their network topography and install a network of much denser BTS,
especially in urban areas. This development leads to technological, spectrum availability and CapEx /
OpEx challenges.
Innovative 60 GHz solutions are an important part of the overall solution to these challenges. Sub10
Systems has a proven track of success with multinational Service Providers and works closely with a
number of major integrators to jointly help Service Providers address their bandwidth and
backhauling challenges.
Copyright 2011, Sub10Systems Ltd. All rights reserved. Sub10Systems and the Sub10 Systems logo are registered trademarks of Sub10 Systems Ltd. in the
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property of Sub10 Systems or their respective owners. All specifications are subject to change without notice. Sub10 Systems assumes no responsibility for
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Copyright ©2011, Sub10Systems Limited