This document discusses European policies and initiatives related to open access and dissemination of scientific research results from publicly funded projects. It outlines strategies such as Europe 2020, Innovation Union, and Horizon 2020 which aim to promote open access. It describes mandates for gold and green open access in FP7 and recommendations for open access to publications and research data. Infrastructure projects like OpenAIRE and Zenodo that support open access by linking publications to datasets and funding information are also summarized. The document advocates for defining clear open access policies and reinforcing preservation of scientific information.
This presentation gives an overview of European Commission policies and initiatives aiming to promote open access to scientific information in the European Research Area (ERA). In this policy area, the Commission acts both as a policymaking and as a funding body. As policymaker, it defines policies within the context of European research and ICT policy. As a funding body, it lays down rules on access to the results of the research it funds within the Framework Programme for research development. This contribution introduces the European Commission's general approach regarding access to scientific information, presents specific initiatives in the field of open access to peer-reviewed scientific publications, and develops a first approach to open access to data.
This presentation gives an overview of European Commission policies and initiatives aiming to promote open access to scientific information in the European Research Area (ERA). In this policy area, the Commission acts both as a policymaking and as a funding body. As policymaker, it defines policies within the context of European research and ICT policy. As a funding body, it lays down rules on access to the results of the research it funds within the Framework Programme for research development. This contribution introduces the European Commission's general approach regarding access to scientific information, presents specific initiatives in the field of open access to peer-reviewed scientific publications, and develops a first approach to open access to data.
EUDAT 3rd Conference: Bringing Data e-Infrastructures to Horizon2020 - Carl-C...EUDAT
| www.eudat.eu | EUDAT 3rd Conference Opening Session: Bringing Data e-Infrastructures to Horizon2020 - Carl-Christian Buhr, Member of the Cabinet of Ms Neelie Kroes, Vice‐President for Digital Agenda, European Commission - Wednesday 24th September 2014, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
OpenAIRE Open access policies: an overviewOpenAIRE
Presented at Open Access to the Achievements of Slovenian Scientists - 4th joint conference of the Special Libraries Section and the Academic Libraries Section of the Slovenian Library Association, Ljubljana, Grand Hotel Union, October 27-28, 2010
Presentation given to the first conference Pubmet, Zadar, Croatia, 2014
For the live presentation having all the rich media, please access: http://kosson.ro/webpedia/presentationsnicolaiec/Croatia2014/#/
OSFair2017 Workshop | Towards a Policy Framework for the European Open Scienc...Open Science Fair
Workshop title: Towards a Policy Framework for the European Open Science Cloud
Workshop abstract:
The workshop provides a hands on approach in relation both to the understanding of the EU open science policies and their application by related stakeholders. It will seek to explore, propose and test different aspects of policy documents created by and for different types of stakeholders (e.g. RPOs, funders, policy makers etc) in the context of EOSC. Drawing on the work by the EOSC policy work, the workshop invites participants to bring their own policies or work on model policies to develop a simple but comprehensive policy document tailored to their needs and conforming to the EU policy and legal framework.
It is useful to the broader Open Science community as it brings together services, stakeholders and policies and allows for a better understanding of the interaction between different constituencies.
DAY 2 - PARALLEL SESSION 3
OSFair2017 Workshop | Service provisioning for excellent sciencesOpen Science Fair
Daan Broeder presents the EUDAT community
Workshop title: Organising high-quality research data management services
Workshop abstract:
Open science needs high quality data management where researchers can create, use and share data according to well defined standards and practices. this is one of the pillars of Open Science. In the data management landscape we find quite a few organisations that aim at achieving this, however to get it right, a collaboration is called for where all can play a suitable role and present this in a consistent way to the researcher.
The proposed workshop brings together representatives of standard organisation (RDA), eInfrastructures (EUDAT) and Libraries (LIBER) that together can organise the high quality data management for research.
DAY 1 - PARALLEL SESSION 2
http://opensciencefair.eu/workshops/organising-high-quality-research-data-management-services
Presentation given to Pubmet 2015, Zadar, Croatia.
For the live presentation having the rich media content, please access: http://kosson.ro/webpedia/presentationsnicolaiec/Croatia2015/#/
EUDAT 3rd Conference: Bringing Data e-Infrastructures to Horizon2020 - Carl-C...EUDAT
| www.eudat.eu | EUDAT 3rd Conference Opening Session: Bringing Data e-Infrastructures to Horizon2020 - Carl-Christian Buhr, Member of the Cabinet of Ms Neelie Kroes, Vice‐President for Digital Agenda, European Commission - Wednesday 24th September 2014, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
OpenAIRE Open access policies: an overviewOpenAIRE
Presented at Open Access to the Achievements of Slovenian Scientists - 4th joint conference of the Special Libraries Section and the Academic Libraries Section of the Slovenian Library Association, Ljubljana, Grand Hotel Union, October 27-28, 2010
Presentation given to the first conference Pubmet, Zadar, Croatia, 2014
For the live presentation having all the rich media, please access: http://kosson.ro/webpedia/presentationsnicolaiec/Croatia2014/#/
OSFair2017 Workshop | Towards a Policy Framework for the European Open Scienc...Open Science Fair
Workshop title: Towards a Policy Framework for the European Open Science Cloud
Workshop abstract:
The workshop provides a hands on approach in relation both to the understanding of the EU open science policies and their application by related stakeholders. It will seek to explore, propose and test different aspects of policy documents created by and for different types of stakeholders (e.g. RPOs, funders, policy makers etc) in the context of EOSC. Drawing on the work by the EOSC policy work, the workshop invites participants to bring their own policies or work on model policies to develop a simple but comprehensive policy document tailored to their needs and conforming to the EU policy and legal framework.
It is useful to the broader Open Science community as it brings together services, stakeholders and policies and allows for a better understanding of the interaction between different constituencies.
DAY 2 - PARALLEL SESSION 3
OSFair2017 Workshop | Service provisioning for excellent sciencesOpen Science Fair
Daan Broeder presents the EUDAT community
Workshop title: Organising high-quality research data management services
Workshop abstract:
Open science needs high quality data management where researchers can create, use and share data according to well defined standards and practices. this is one of the pillars of Open Science. In the data management landscape we find quite a few organisations that aim at achieving this, however to get it right, a collaboration is called for where all can play a suitable role and present this in a consistent way to the researcher.
The proposed workshop brings together representatives of standard organisation (RDA), eInfrastructures (EUDAT) and Libraries (LIBER) that together can organise the high quality data management for research.
DAY 1 - PARALLEL SESSION 2
http://opensciencefair.eu/workshops/organising-high-quality-research-data-management-services
Presentation given to Pubmet 2015, Zadar, Croatia.
For the live presentation having the rich media content, please access: http://kosson.ro/webpedia/presentationsnicolaiec/Croatia2015/#/
Prezentare oferită Academiei Române, filiala Cluj Napoca, Arhiva de Folclor, 7 iunie, 2014
Prezentarea a oferit o perspectivă asupra unor aspecte privind construcția depozitelor digitale proprii dedicate obiectelor culturale (reprezentări digitale).
Presentation given to the CopyCamp.pl in October 2016 in the Open Access Week. It presents what is Open Access in relation to what it is being incorporated to: Open Science, and all being the benefeciary of open licensing system existing.
DATE DESCHISE CE SUNT DATELE DESCHISE? O PERSPECTIVĂ EUROPEANĂ ȘI UNA ROMÂNEASCĂNicolaie Constantinescu
Last presentation given on Open Data from a series of them. This is the most refined version and the most complete.
Aceasta este ultima prezentare pe care am susținut-o privind datele deschise și informațiile din sectorul public.
This presentation was given at the Pubmet Conference in Zadar, Croatia on 21th of October, 2016.
The example used is OpenAIRE API with a specific to Croatian data held in the system.
This will become the base for supporting TDM and APIs in the future,
Prezentare făcută în cadrul Clubului OGP ținut pe 25 septembrie 2016. Prezentarea include instrumente, practici și soluții care să mijlocească crearea de RED-uri. Se dorește crearea legăturii între instrumente, practici și cercetare.
Presentation given on 18th of June in Bucharest to the FOSS4G Central and Eastern Europe 2013. Moving forward. Open Data Discussions for an Open Romania.
Event hosted by the National Library of Romania.
Vortrag im Rahmen der EERA-Session: Open Science and Educational Research? Inclusion and Exclusion at the European Open Science Cloud; am 5. September 2018 in Bolzano (Italien).
European Commission
DG Research and Innovation
RTD.A2. Open Data Policy and Science Cloud
Katarzyna Szkuta
Presentation held at the Intensive Course, Weizmann Institute of Science, Tel Aviv, October 24-25, 2018. iPEN European project (Innovative Photonics Education in Nanotechnology).
Presentation at the Open Knowledge Festival: Open Research and Education Stream, 20 September 2012, Helsinki; also
Presentation at the DINI-Jahrestagung - Bausteine für Open Science, 24 September 2012, Karlsruhe;
also Belgian Open Access Week: Open Access to Excellence in Research, 22 October 2012, Brussels.
EGI and EUDAT support to the PaNOSC projectEGI Federation
Data transfer & archivingm, and Jupyter on the EGI Federated Cloud at the core of EGI and EUDAT support to Photon and Neutron science in the PaNOSC project
Open Science and European Access Policies in H2020 Reme Melero
GEOTEC UJI and FOSTER project organized a training seminar in the context of GEO-C ESR entitled “Open Science and European Open Access policies in H2020”.
The seminar took place in Castellon (Spain), Feb 12th from 9.30 to 14.00.
Health and Wellbeing Living Lab Symposium PresentationsVITALISEProject
The Health and Wellbeing Living Lab Symposium is dedicated to showcasing the outcomes of the VITALISE project, which focuses on harmonizing Living Lab services and procedures while recognizing Living Labs as integral Research Infrastructures. Over the past three years, a collaborative effort among Living Labs in Health has actively demonstrated the significance of Living Labs as Research Infrastructures, effectively representing the global Living Lab community. The work undertaken in VITALISE aligns with the overarching vision of Living Labs developed over the last 15 years, manifesting in project results that advance the recognition and quality of harmonized Living Labs.
This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101007990 The symposium's primary objective is to engage in collective reflection with the European Commission and relevant stakeholders and beneficiaries of Research Infrastructures. The aim is to discuss and plan the next steps toward a new era where Research Infrastructures are open and actively involve communities as powerful tools for co-research.
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Prezentari oferită în cadrul Evenimentul Național NI4OS-Europe de Formare privind Consolidarea Capacităților în Domeniul Științei Deschise pentru Moldova, 24 septembrie, 2020, un eveniment online – platforma de formare NI4OS-Europe.
Anul acesta, în aprilie a intrat în vigoare noua Directivă privind dreptul de autor și drepturile conexe pe piața unică digitală și de modificare a Directivelor 96/9/CE și 2001/29/CE.Textul acesteia reglementează drepturile și obligațiile instituțiilor de memorie în relația cu autorii, colecțiile și furnizorii de servicii specializați din Piața Unică Digitală. Noul text care va trebui adoptat în legislația națională până în luna iulie 2021 implică modificări pe care specialiștii domeniilor de memorie (biblioteci, muzee, arhive, galerii) trebuie să cunoască pentru a le aplica în practicile curatoriale și de dezvoltare curente. În același timp, acest nou text conduce la concluzia că mai multe paliere ale sectoarelor culturale trebuie să se întâlnească pentru a veghea la o implementare adaptată realităților României. Identificarea provocărilor, precum și apelul pentru crearea unui for de consultare sunt punctele de interes ale titlului propus.
Datele in biblioteca noi servicii / Bibliotheken als Datenzentren: ein Einbli...Nicolaie Constantinescu
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BIBLIOTECARII MANAGERI AI DATELOR, BIBLIOTECILE API-URI
Structuri si mandate pentru valorificarea rezultatelor cercetarii stiintifice
1. Structuri și mandate pentru valorificarea
rezultatelor cercetării științifice
www.kosson.ro
2. Europe 2020
Este strategia de creștere a
Europei în acest deceniu.
O Uniune a Inovării
http://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/index_en.cfm
O agendă digitală pentru Europa
http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/
http://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/pdf/COMPLET%20EN%20BARROSO%20%20%20007%20-%20Europe%202020%20-%20EN%20version.pdf
2
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
3. O Uniune a Inovării
Realizarea Ariei Europene de
Cercetare
http://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/index_en.cfm?pg=action-points#
În anul 2015, Statele membre
alături de Comisie ar trebui să fi
încheiat sau să pornească
construcția a 60% din
infrastructurile de cercetare
europeană identificate în acest
moment de European Strategy
Forum for Research Infrastructures
(ESFRI)
http://i3s.ec.europa.eu/commitment/5.html
3
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
5. Un forum important de consultanță creat în 2002 pentru miniștri și agențiile de
finanțare a cercetării
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-12-772_en.htm
European Strategy Forum for Research
Infrastructures
Există 48 de infrastructuri de cercetare
(Research Infrastructures) dintre care 10 în
fază de implementare. Unul dintre acestea de
importanță maximă este:
5
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
6. Orizont 2020
http://ec.europa.eu/research/horizon2020/index_en.cfm
Lansat la București pe 4 octombrie în prezența
Comisarului pentru Cercetare, Inovare și Știință
Máire Geoghegan-Quinn.
Asigurarea competitivității
Europei la nivel global
Un singur set de reguli
6
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
7. O Piață Unică
Orizont 2020 va fi complementat de măsuri
suplimentare pentru a finaliza și dezvolta mai
departe Aria de Cercetare Europeană în 2014.
Aceste măsuri vor ținti către eliminarea barierelor
pentru a crea o adevărată piață unică pentru
cunoaștere, cercetare și inovație.
7
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
8. Aria de cercetare europeană
http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/pdf/era_progress_report2013/era_progress_report2013.pdf
8
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
9. Istoria a două modele
Sub embargo
Depozite digitale
La
Nivel instituțional
9
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
11. ERA Survey
Jumătate din organizațiile care au răspuns sprijină Accesul Deschis la
Publicații și Date iar 40 % finanțează dezvoltarea depozitelor
instituționale
http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/pdf/era_progress_report2013/era_progress_report2013.pdf
11
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
13. Politici aplicate
Studiu de monitoriare privind implementarea Pecomandărilor și a Codului de
Practici ale Comisiei privind managementul proprietă ții intelectuale în
activitățile de transfer a cunoașterii din Statele Membre și Țările Asociate.
http://www.knowledge-transfer-study.eu/home/
13
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
14. Pași pe calea unui mandat
http://medoanet.eu/sites/www.medoanet.eu/files/documents/MED2013_GUIDELine_dp_EN_ws.pdf
14
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
15. 2006
„It is in all our
interests to find a
model for
scientific
publication that
serves research
excellence. We
are ready to work
with readers,
authors, publisher
and funding
bodies to develop
such a model.”
15
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
16. Open access can
increase the impact
Screen Shot 2013-05-23 at 12.13.11 AM
of scientific
research and
innovation through
improved access to
and rapid
dissemination of
research results.
16
17. ALLEA
The European Federation of National Academies of
Sciences and Humanities
Data are the bedrock on which the scientific
edifice is built. More
efficient datasharing and more open access
to information and resources will make it
easier for observations to be confirmed,
experiments to be replicated, hypothesis to be
supported, rejected or refined, and, ultimately,
for answers to societal challengers to be given.
Publications should be made openly available
online, as
soon and as freely as
possible, as should also educational
resources and software resulting from publicly
funded research.
17
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
18. G8 science ministers
meet in London
ii. Open scientific research data should be
easily discoverable, accessible, assessable,
intelligible, useable, and wherever possible
interoperable to specific quality standards.
iii. We recognise the potential benefits of
immediate global access to and unrestricted
use of published peer-reviewed, publicly
funded research results in line with the
necessity of IP protection.
iv. We recognise that there are different
routes to open access (green, gold and other
innovative models) which need to be
explored and potentially developed in a
complementary way.
18
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
20. How does the European Commission
supports OA now
The pilot, which will run until the
end of FP7, covers approximately
20 % of the FP7 research budget.
Under the Open Access pilot, FP7 grant recipients in seven areas (energy, environment,
health, information and communication technologies [only cognitive systems, interaction,
and robotics], research infrastructures [only e-infrastructures], science in society, and
socioeconomic sciences and humanities) are expected to:
•
•
deposit peer-reviewed research articles or final manuscripts
resulting from their FP7 projects into an online repository;
make their best effort to ensure open access to these articles within
either 6 months (health, energy, environment, information and
communication technologies, research infrastructures) or 12 months
(science in society, socioeconomic sciences and humanities) after
publication.
12 months
6 months embargo
(CS39)
In addition to the pilot, FP7 rules of participation also
allow all projects to have open access fees eligible for
reimbursement during the time of the grant agreement
20
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
21. 2009
An ERA based on a shared responsibility between science, policy and society
The ERA
Milestones
We will know the ERA is
a shared
responsibility in
2030 when we see:
21
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
22. 2010 A Digital Agenda for Europe
To this end the Commission will
appropriately extend current Open
Access publication requirements as
stipulated in Commission Decision
C(2008) 4408
35
(more information on this pilot is available at
http://ec.europa.eu/research/sciencesociety/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.topic&id=1680)
22
Knowledge transfer activities
should be managed
effectively33 and supported
by suitable financial
instruments34 and publicly
funded research should be
widely disseminated through
Open Access publication of
scientific data and papers35
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
23. 2011 Open data: An engine for innovation, growth and
transparent governance COM(2011) 882 final
5.2. Soft law for open research information
Because of the specificities of research data, the Commission will set out in detail and in separate documents
its strategy for scientific and research data and associated infrastructures.
It intends to adopt in 2012 a Communication and Recommendation on the accessibility and preservation of
scientific information. It will work with Member States to step up their activities to provide open access to
scientific information on the basis of a concrete set of measures.
In parallel, the Commission will detail how it will deal with the results of research funded by the European
Union.
Open data strategy, key measures
23
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
24. 2012 results
In May 2011, the Commission
identified the 811 projects
designated at the time and sent a
questionnaire to all project
• less than 50% did not know the possibility
• 8 projects out of 194 answers reported they
used it
• For 72% of respondents, reimbursement of
Gold OA is restricted by the fact that most
publishing activities occur after the project
end
• Almost 70% of respondents think it is better
to use self-archiving to satisfy the OA
requirement in FP7
24
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
25. Future consolidation is based on:
25
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
26. European Research Council
The ERC therefore
supports the
principle of open
access to the
published outputs
of research as a
fundamental part of
its mission.
26
27. European Research Council
European Research Council (2012). Open Access
Status of Journal Articles from ERC Funded
Projects, Brussels.
A list of 630 journal articles reported in 88 mid-term
project reports formed the basis of this
analysis.
The results show that 62 % of journal articles
from ERC funded projects are available in open access.
The share of articles in open access varies across
research domains. It is close to
70 % in Life
Sciences, 65 % in Physical Sciences
and Engineering and nearer 50 % in Social
Sciences and Humanities
27
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
28. COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION of 17.7.2012 on
access to and preservation of scientific information
Policies on open access to scientific research
results should apply to all research that receives
public funds.
Open access to scientific
research data enhances data
quality, reduces the need for
duplication of research, speeds
up scientific progress and helps
to combat scientific fraud.
28
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
29. Bruxelles, 17.7.2012 C(2012) 4890
final
Privind
accesul și
prezervarea
informației
științifice
Innovation
Union
(COM(2010)54
6,
06.10.2010),
http://eurlex.europa.eu/L
exUriServ/LexUr
iServ.do?
uri=CELEX:52010
DC0546:EN:NOT
29
A Digital Agenda for
Europe (COM(2010)245,
19.05.2010),
http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriSer
v.do?
uri=CELEX:52010DC0245(01):EN:NOT
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
30. EC response: OpenAIRE+
Creating a robust, participatory
service for the cross-linking of
peer-reviewed scientific
publications and associated
datasets is the principal goal of
OpenAIREplus
30
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
31. Meaning?!
The project will establish an eInfrastructure to harvest, enrich and
store the metadata of Open Access
scientific datasets. Innovative
underlying technical structures will be
deployed to support the management
of and inter-linking between associated
scientific data.
31
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
32. How it is working?
Access to and deposit of linked publications via
the OpenAIRE portal are supported by a Help
Desk, and OpenAIRE's collaborative networking
structure will be extended to promote the
concept of open enhanced publications among
user communities.
Liaison offices in each of the project's 31
European countries work to support the needs of
researchers in Europe.
32
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
33. Festina lente
1. Define clear policies for the dissemination of and open access to scientific publications resulting from
publicly funded research.
2. Ensure that research funding institutions responsible for managing public research funding and academic
institutions receiving public funding implement the policies
3. Define clear policies for the dissemination of and open access to research data resulting from publicly
funded research.
4. Reinforce the preservation of scientific information
5. Further develop e-infrastructures underpinning the system for disseminating scientific information
6. Ensure synergies among national e-infrastructures at European and global level
7. Participate in multi-stakeholder dialogues at national, European and/or international level on how to
foster open access to and preservation of scientific information.
8. Designate by the end of the year a national point of reference
9. Inform the Commission 18 months from the publication of this Recommendation in the Official Journal of
the European Union, and every two years thereafter, of action taken in response to the different elements of
this Recommendation, in accordance with formalities to be defined and agreed.
33
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
34. O Oportunitate remarcabilă!
Zenodo www.zenodo.org
offers a one-stop-store for
research output. Created
by OpenAIRE and CERN,
and supported by the
European Commission,
this new-generation online
repository offers its
service from the
OpenAIRE pan-European
initiative, which expands
the linking of research
output to datasets and
funding information, in
European and national
contexts.
34
Horizon 2020 – Biblioteca Națională de Fizică, noiembrie 2013
ELI - Extreme Light Infrastructure - was the first ESFRI project funded by regional structural funds. ELI has been granted €416 million for the construction of two facilities to be built in the Czech Republic and Romania. A third ELI facility is to be located in Hungary, which will also benefit from structural funds.
Infrastructurile de Cercetare sunt capacități, resurse sau servicii care au o natură unică și care au fost identificate de comunitățile de cercetare europene pentru a conduce activități de prin rang în toate sectoarele.
Această definiție a Infrastructurilor de Cercetare, fiind incluse resursele umane asociate, acoperă zona echipamentelor sau al seturilor de instrumente în completarea resurselor care găzduiesc cunoașterea precum colecțiile, arhivele și băncile de date. Infrastructurile de Cercetare pot avea „un singur sit”, pot fi „distribuite” sau „virtuale” (serviciul fiind oferit electronic). Adesea necesităsisteme de informare structurată în ce privește managementul de date, facilitarea schimbului de informați și comunicațiile. Acestea includ infrastructuri bazare pe tehnologie precum Grid-urile, software-ul și middleware-ul. În toate cazurile luate în considerare pentru parcurs, aceste infrastructuri trebuie să aplice politici de „Acces Deschis” privind cercetarea de bază, i.e. să fie deschise tuturor cercetătorilor interesați în baza liberei competiții și a selecției propunerilor evaluate numai în spiritul excelenței științifice prin evaluare colegială internațională.
Extras din Raportul de Strategie privind Infrastructurile de Cercetare: Parcurs 2010
Orizont 2020 este un instrument financiar pentru Strategia Europa 2020.