Vortrag im Rahmen der EERA-Session: Open Science and Educational Research? Inclusion and Exclusion at the European Open Science Cloud; am 5. September 2018 in Bolzano (Italien).
European Commission
DG Research and Innovation
RTD.A2. Open Data Policy and Science Cloud
Katarzyna Szkuta
This presentation gives an overview of European Commission policies and initiatives aiming to promote open access to scientific information in the European Research Area (ERA). In this policy area, the Commission acts both as a policymaking and as a funding body. As policymaker, it defines policies within the context of European research and ICT policy. As a funding body, it lays down rules on access to the results of the research it funds within the Framework Programme for research development. This contribution introduces the European Commission's general approach regarding access to scientific information, presents specific initiatives in the field of open access to peer-reviewed scientific publications, and develops a first approach to open access to data.
The presentation we gave at two workshops on Open Access policies organised by EU-funded project PASTEUR4OA on 9 & 10 February 2016 in Brussels. Basically, nothing really new, but this is probably the shortest presentation we have made to present the European Commission mandate for open access in Horizon 2020.
This presentation gives an overview of European Commission policies and initiatives aiming to promote open access to scientific information in the European Research Area (ERA). In this policy area, the Commission acts both as a policymaking and as a funding body. As policymaker, it defines policies within the context of European research and ICT policy. As a funding body, it lays down rules on access to the results of the research it funds within the Framework Programme for research development. This contribution introduces the European Commission's general approach regarding access to scientific information, presents specific initiatives in the field of open access to peer-reviewed scientific publications, and develops a first approach to open access to data.
The presentation we gave at two workshops on Open Access policies organised by EU-funded project PASTEUR4OA on 9 & 10 February 2016 in Brussels. Basically, nothing really new, but this is probably the shortest presentation we have made to present the European Commission mandate for open access in Horizon 2020.
A research-friendly copyright environment in the digital age: a European pers...Jean-François Dechamp
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How the Research Data Service supports Open Research (aka Open Science) at the University of Edinburgh. Abridged slides used for presentation to Open Access Scotland meeting in Edinburgh on Wednesday 27th of March 2019.
Open Research in Ireland: FAIRsFAIR roadshowdri_ireland
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- Introduction to NORF – Daniel Bangert (Digital Repository of Ireland)
- FAIR in Ireland: NORF landscape report – Aoife Coffey (University College Cork), Timea Biro (Digital Repository of Ireland)
- FAIRsFAIR in a Nutshell – Marjan Grootveld (DANS, The Netherlands), Joy Davidson (Digital Curation Centre, UK)
The state-of-play of the general EOSC policy worke-ROSA
Corina Pascu's presentation at the eROSA Workshop “Towards Open Science in Agriculture & Food”, a side event to High Level conference on FOOD 2030, Plovdiv, Bulgaria (13/6/2018)
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As part of a webinar series on Open Research in Ireland, the National Open Research Forum (NORF) presented a webinar focused on Infrastructures to support Open Research on 30 March 2021. This presentation on (inter)disciplinary infrastructures for social sciences and humanities was delivered by Sally Chambers (Ghent Centre for Digital Humanities).
A research-friendly copyright environment in the digital age: a European pers...Jean-François Dechamp
A 30-minute presentation that builds the case for a copyright exception for scientific research in the European legislation, in order to allow data analytics (Text and Data Mining / TDM)
Open Research in Ireland: Infrastructures for Open Researchdri_ireland
As part of a webinar series on Open Research in Ireland, the National Open Research Forum (NORF) presented a webinar focused on Infrastructures to support Open Research on 30 March 2021. This presentation features an introduction to NORF, delivered by Dr Daniel Bangert (Digital Repository of Ireland), and a summary of landscaping work by the NORF Working Group on Infrastructures delivered by Eoghan O’Carragain (University College Cork) and Caleb Derven (University of Limerick).
How the Research Data Service supports Open Research (aka Open Science) at the University of Edinburgh. Abridged slides used for presentation to Open Access Scotland meeting in Edinburgh on Wednesday 27th of March 2019.
Open Research in Ireland: FAIRsFAIR roadshowdri_ireland
As part of a webinar series on Open Research in Ireland, the National Open Research Forum (NORF) collaborated with FAIRsFAIR to present a webinar focused on FAIR data. These presentation slides are from the webinar. The presentation covers the areas below:
- Introduction to NORF – Daniel Bangert (Digital Repository of Ireland)
- FAIR in Ireland: NORF landscape report – Aoife Coffey (University College Cork), Timea Biro (Digital Repository of Ireland)
- FAIRsFAIR in a Nutshell – Marjan Grootveld (DANS, The Netherlands), Joy Davidson (Digital Curation Centre, UK)
The state-of-play of the general EOSC policy worke-ROSA
Corina Pascu's presentation at the eROSA Workshop “Towards Open Science in Agriculture & Food”, a side event to High Level conference on FOOD 2030, Plovdiv, Bulgaria (13/6/2018)
The section provides an overview of the open science requirements and how to comply with them stipulated by selected funders and organizations: H2020 & ERC, FWO and Belspo by Emilie Hermans
(Inter)disciplinary Infrastructures for Social Sciences and Humanitiesdri_ireland
As part of a webinar series on Open Research in Ireland, the National Open Research Forum (NORF) presented a webinar focused on Infrastructures to support Open Research on 30 March 2021. This presentation on (inter)disciplinary infrastructures for social sciences and humanities was delivered by Sally Chambers (Ghent Centre for Digital Humanities).
“Open Research Data: Implications for Science and Society”, Warsaw, Poland, May 28–29, 2015, conference organized by the Open Science Platform — an initiative of the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling at the University of Warsaw. pon.edu.pl @OpenSciPlatform #ORD2015
Open Research Data: Present and planned EC Policy, Jean-Claude Burgelman impl...Platforma Otwartej Nauki
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Open science is becoming more and more part of the daily practice in conducting science. Around the world, researchers are increasingly aware of the value and importance of open science. As scientific research becomes highly data-driven and dependent on computing, scientists are conscious of the growing need to share data, software and infrastructure to reduce wasteful duplication and increase economies of scale. In an ideal world, every step of the research process would be public and transparent – the full methodology and all the tools used, as well as the data, would be accessible to the public and all groups without restriction, enabling reproducibility and refinement by other scientists.
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The European Open Science Cloud was launched by the European Commission in 2016 aiming to (1) increase the ability to exploit research data across scientific disciplines and between the public and private sector, (2) interconnect existing and new digital infrastructures in Europe and (3) support open science.
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Katarzyna Szkuta: "The European Open Science Cloud and the Open Science Policy"
1. The European Open Science
Cloud and the Open Science
Policy
EERA-Session: Open Science and Educational Research> Inclusion and
Exclusion at the European Science Cloud
September 5, 2018
Bolzano, Italy
European Commission
DG Research and Innovation
RTD.A2. Open Data Policy and Science Cloud
Katarzyna SZKUTA
2. Opening up the full research cycle
It’s not only about Open Access or Open Data, it is changing the way we do science,
and the system of services, products and standards is building up
Szkuta, Osimo
2016
3. For citizens and policy makers
• More transparency of the
science system: the public taxpayer
has this right and it can only enhance
the quality of science
• Fit for 21st century science
purpose: all grand societal challenges
need cross disciplinary research
• Faster circulation of new ideas:
in the academia and beyond - we have
22 million EU SME's that will have
access to top notch research without
having to significantly pay for it!
• Better ROI of the R&I
investments: if all the results of our
public research are made reusable,
more productive use follows by default
Why promoting Open Science?
For researchers:
• Wider dissemination and
sharing of their results
• More visibility and credit
• New career paths e.g. data
scientists, start-ups, science
diplomacy
4. Enablers
Image by Nick Youngson CC BY-SA 3.0 Alpha Stock Images
o policy measures,
o individual practice
of scientists,
o and new
infrastructure and
services.
5. "As I see it, European success now lies in sharing as
soon as possible, (…). The days of open science have
arrived."
"Presidency Conference Open Science", Amsterdam, April 4th,
2016
Therefore: top level
policy priority
6. 2007 • EC Communication on Scientific Information
2008 • 7th Framework Programme (FP) Open Access Pilot
2012
• Recommendation on OA to and preservation of scientific information
• Communication on European Research Area (ERA)
2014 • Horizon 2020 Open Access and Open Research Data policies
2015 • Digital Single Market (DSM) strategy
2016 • Council Conclusions on open science (Member States)
2016
• European Cloud Initiative Communication (ECI)- The European Open Science
Cloud (EOSC)
2018 • Revision of the 2012 Recommendation in conjunction with PSI Directive
2018 • Council Conclusions on EOSC and the launch of the first phase of the EOSC
2018 • Preparing Open Science for the 9th Framework Programme - Horizon Europe
How the European Commission is working on making science more open?
7. HOLISTIC POLICY AGENDA
SCOPE & AMBITIONS
4 with regard to the use & management of research
results and data
Open Data: FAIR data sharing is the default for funding scientific
research
Science Cloud: All EU researchers are able to deposit, access and
analyse European scientific data through the open science cloud,
without leaving their desk
Altmetrics: Alternative metrics (next generation metrics) to
complement conventional indicators for research quality and impact
(e.g. Journal Impact Factors and citations)
Future of scholarly communication: All peer-reviewed scientific
publications are freely accessible
7
8 policy priorities
agreed in 2016
8. HOLISTIC POLICY AGENDA
SCOPE & AMBITIONS
4 with regard to relations with research actors
(researchers, institutions and funders)
Rewards: The European research career evaluation system fully
acknowledges Open Science activities
Research Integrity: All publicly funded research in the EU adheres to
commonly agreed Open Science Standards of Research Integrity
Education and skills: All young scientists in Europe have the necessary
skills and support to apply Open Science research routines and
practices
Citizen Science: Citizens significantly contribute and are recognised as
valid knowledge producers of European science
8
8 policy priorities
agreed in 2016
9. • The main changes
• Research data management (incl. FAIR data)
• Incentives schemes and reward systems for researchers to share
data and commit to other Open Science practices
• Skills and competences regarding scientific information
• Text and Data Mining (TDM) and technical standards that enable
re-use
• Infrastructures for Open Science (incl. European Open Science
Cloud)
• The expected impact
• An even more powerful policy instrument that is fit for purpose
• The next steps
• A new compass for Member States
Commission Recommendation on access to and
preservation of scientific information
A stronger instrument
10. The evolution of the EU funding
programmes for R&I
FP7
OA Green or
Gold+Green
Pilot
H2020
OA Green or
Gold+Green
obligation
& ORD/DMP Pilot
H2020
OA Green or
Gold+Green
obligation
& ORD/DMP by
default
FP9
Will go beyond OA
and embrace and
embed Open
Science
11. Open Science across the programme
Mandatory Open Access to publications: beneficiaries must ensure the existence of
sufficient rights to comply with open access requirements
Mandatory Data Management Plan for FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable,
Re-usable) and Open Research Data : the norm for all research data with possibilities
to opt-out from open access requirements
Horizon Europe will support researcher skills and reward systems for open science. Certain
work programmes may require additional open science practices and the use of European
Open Science Cloud.
Open Science
Will ensure better exploitation of R&I results, increase
the innovation potential of results and support the
active engagement of society
12. Open Science policies: summing up the current focus
of work
• Designing an FP9 that is permeated by open science and
reflects ambitions!
• Launching the 1st phase of the EOSC
• Revision of recommendation and Public Sector Information
Directive - mainstreaming/uptake in MS
• Provide more options for grantees and do as we preach: the
Open Research Europe publishing platform
Significant emphasis on research data, especially
through EOSC and FP9 policy
14. • Vision is now as clear to external
stakeholders as it is internally.
• Single online platform where all
European researchers will be able to:
• Find, access and re-use data
produced by other scientists.
• Deposit, analyse and share data
they have been paid to produce.
• Initially (until 2020), the EOSC will
build on existing investments, no/little
fresh money is needed
• The Commission provides top-up
money to set up and organise the
federation and to start creating
common European resources.
• EOSC will provide 1.7m EU researchers an environment
with free, open services for data storage, management,
analysis and re-use across disciplines.
• EOSC will JOIN existing and emerging horizontal and
thematic data infrastructures, bridging todays
fragmentation and ad-hoc solutions.
• EOSC will add value (scale, data-driven science, inter-
disciplinarity, faster innovation) and leverage past
infrastructure investment (10b per year by MS, two
decades EU investment).
From Vision …. … to Action
After the EOSC Vision has been adopted and embraced by
the relevant stakeholders, it is now time for action
Source: RTD
Vision endorsed by the EP, by the
EESC and the CoR, by the G7 and
copied, literally, by a host of
nations globally: Japan, Canada
and China. 14
16. Stakeholders meetings: EOSC Summit 2017
Followed by the EOSC
Declaration, 26 October
2017
• 33 high level statements
Data culture & FAIR data,
Research data services &
architecture,
Governance and funding
• Signed by +70 scientific
stakeholders ('Coalition of the
Doers')
17. 2nd EOSC Summit: 11 June 2018
o A plenary session to
share and discuss the
EOSC implementation
roadmap
o 2 workshops & launch
of stakeholder
consultations (11 June
- 5 August):
o EOSC Rules of
Participation
o FAIR data action
plan
18. Launch of the European Open Science
Cloud (EOSC) Governance Structure
– 23 November
● at the Austrian Presidency Conference
● University of Vienna
● https://www.eu2018.at/calendar-events/political-events/BMBWF-
2018-11-23-EOSC-Launch.html
19. Source: RTD, SWD 2018 (83)
Implementation Roadmap for the EOSC
FAIR data management and tools. A common data language to ensure data
stewardship across borders/disciplines based on FAIR principles.
b. Data
Rules of participation for different EOSC actors. An opportunity to comply with
existing legal and technical frameworks and increase legal certainty & trust.
e. Rules
Architecture of the federated infrastructures as the solution to the current
fragmentation in research data infrastructures which are insufficiently
interoperable.
a. Architecture
Governance of the EOSC, aiming at ensuring EU leadership in data-driven
science but requiring new governance frameworks.
Mechanisms/interfaces for accessing EOSC. A simple way for dealing with open
data obligations or accessing research data across different disciplines.
d. Access &
Interface
Available services from a user perspective. A rich environment offering a wide
range of services covering the needs of the users.
c. Services
f. Governance
19
20. The process of federation will be implemented:
Gradually;
On a voluntary basis;
According to a well-defined extent of involvement for
data infrastructures;
Based on simple guidelines consistent with existing
good practices.
Architecture
Federation of research/data infrastructures
21. Services for European researchers
1. A researcher will find five types of services in the EOSC:
1. Identification and authentication, and an access point and routing system
towards the resources of the EOSC
2. A protected & personalised work environment/space (e.g. logbook,
settings, compliance record and pending issues)
3. Access to relevant information (e.g. status of EOSC, list of infrastructures,
policy-related information, compliance framework) and specific guidelines (e.g.
how to make data FAIR, certify a repository or service, procure joint services)
4. Services to find, access, store, re-use and analyse (e.g. analytics, data
merge/fusion, mining) the data generated by others, catalogued appropriately
5. Services to make their own data FAIR, to store them and ensure long-term
preservation
Researchers would NOT have to pay for most services under 1, 2, 3 & 4, but may
need co-funding via a grant or other mechanism for services under 4 & 5 (especially
when big data is involved, customization required or great computation power).
Services
22. Cost of not having FAIR data: minimum calculations *
Indicator #1 :
Time spent
Indicator #2 :
Cost of storage
Indicator #3 :
Licence costs
Indicator #4 :
Research
retraction
Indicator #5 :
Double funding
• Split academics &
non-academics
• EU28 Average
researcher salary
• Number of
researchers
• Time dedicated to
research
• Time wasted
• Data volume per
researcher/year
• Cost per TB
• Number of
repositories
where data is
stored
• Data retention
period
• Reduction of the
number of
repositories
where data is
stored (FAIR)
• Current research
data Open
• Proportion of data
that could be
Open
• Licence costs
bearded by
academic
research
organisations in
EU28
• Split academics &
non-academics
• EU28 Average
researcher salary
• Number of
researchers
• Time dedicated to
research
• Time wasted due
to retraction
• Funds allocated to
research grant in
EU28
• Number of
research grant in
EU28
• Number of
suspicious
overlaps
#1 in € + #2 in € + #3 in € + #4 in € + #5 in € = € 10.2 bn annually
FAIR Data
* PwC study conducted for the European Commission
23. EOSC model/access & interface
A user should have the choice between different entry points for accessing EOSC
services, for practical reasons and to ensure a smooth transition from legacy systems.
These different entry points to the EOSC should be similar but not equivalent, all
consisting of:
a web-based user interface / front-end, tailored to the specific needs and
context of particular user communities, including individual data
infrastructures. These entry points would need to comply with a set of
minimum requirements.
a common platform (building on the "EOSC Hub" project and further
developed in the INFRAEOSC-06-2020a call) or back-end, offerings
access to all EOSC shared resources (cf. data pillar) and to the full range of
EOSC services via machine-to-machine interfaces.
By default, EOSC services should be accessible via the EOSC portal, which should
act as a universal entry point for all potential users via a full-fledged user interface,
irrespective of geographic location or scientific affiliation.
Access &
Interface
24. o The rules of participation define the rights, obligations and accountability of the EOSC actors
(notably data producers, service providers, data/service users) against:
agreed tools, specifications, catalogues and standards (‘EOSC shared resources’) and
applicable methodologies (framework for FAIR research data)
adopted principles for regulating transactions in the EOSC (e.g. financial mechanisms
and procedures, agreements/bylaws established by the EOSC governance framework)
applicable legal frameworks (e.g. GDPR, copyright rules, Data Security and Cybercrime,
dispute resolution and redress mechanisms, e-commerce directive)
o Differentiating the rules to different EOSC actors taking into account:
The specificities of different scientific disciplines
The diversity and level of readiness of infrastructures and services at discipline, MS
and EU level (RIs, eInfras) and the differences in their established rules and processes
The variety of service providers and users that will be involved in the EOSC (e.g. public
vs private; horizontal vs specialised)
Changing needs and practices regarding the implementation of the rules, in particular
concerning compliance with existing legal frameworks (e.g. GDPR) and emerging ones
(e.g. free flow of data)
Source: RTD
Rules of Participation
Rules
25. Staged approach in setting governance:
Phase 1 (<end 2020): steering and overseeing the initial EOSC development,
primarily led by MS and EC, with stakeholders consulted and advising
Phase 2 (>2020): (following a thorough evaluation) steering and overseeing
initial EOSC operations and further development, largely stakeholder-driven, with
MS/EC keeping a higher-level oversight role
Guiding principles for 1st phase, supported by EOSC Declaration:
Separation between advisory role, decision-making and implementation
Stakeholders (mainly) advise, propose and implement, while funders (MS/EC)
(mainly) set orientations and endorse proposals,
Low intervention cost, light mechanisms, high accountability
Any proposal for governance in 2nd phase would be included in FP9 proposal
Source: RTD
Governance guiding principles
Governance
26. Source: RTD
Governance
Three layer structure
EOSC Board of MS/AC and
EC representatives to ensure
effective supervision of EOSC
implementation
Executive Board of
stakeholder representatives to
help ensure proper EOSC
implementation and
accountability
Stakeholder Forum to
provide input from a wide
range of actors
27. Financing of the EOSC: staged approach
In Phase 1, until 2020:
the Commission will invest EUR 300m to support the core functions
of the EOSC as per milestones
Member States would flag the national initiatives that they want to
federate into the EOSC and the resources they are willing to provide
in kind;
Research funders would start making costs eligible for FAIR data
only.
In Phase 2, after 2020, the activities of the EOSC could be financed by a mix
of funding including possibly deposit fees from national funders
The Governance Framework would produce a full cost estimate for the
running of the EOSC in Phase 1; based on this, it will prepare a financial
prospect for Phase 2, addressing scalability and legacy.
28. EUROPEAN OPEN SCIENCE CLOUD IN
HORIZON EUROPE
•Introducing stronger obligations regarding the
technical conformity of research data management
with EOSC standards
•Launching FAIR-conformant certification
schemes that ensure compliance with the FAIR
principles
•Introducing an obligation to store all FP9-funded
research data in FAIR-certified repositories –
EOSC compliant
•Creating a formal entity for further development of
the EOSC (2nd phase)
29. EOSC Summit forming the coalition of the willing
EOSC policy milestones – the Road to Vienna
June 2017
EOSC Implementation RoadmapMarch 2018
End 2020 MS+ EC agreement on the future strategic orientation and financing
scheme for the EOSC
Oct 2017 EOSC Declaration published for endorsements and to seek commitments
Nov 2018
Establishment of the Governance structure; MS designate representatives to the
EOSC board. Selection of members to the governance structure
Council conclusions endorsing the EOSC RoadmapMay 2018
Fall 2018
Launch of the EOSC governance structure (Austrian Presidency event in Vienna)
30. Thank you for your attention
Website: http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/eosc
E-mail: EOSC-RTD@ec.europa.eu, katarzyna.szkuta@ec.europa.eu