1. The document discusses the structure elucidation of various compounds including carvone, citral, menthol, luteolin, kaempferol, nicotine, caffeine, and glycyrrhizin. 2. Various analytical techniques are described such as UV, IR, mass spectroscopy, and NMR that are used to determine the structure of these compounds. 3. The uses of these compounds are also mentioned including as flavorings, fragrances, medicines, and supplements.

1. Presented by
Miss. Aishwarya Ulhas Phutane
Asst. Professor
Department of Pharmacognosy
MarathwadaMitramandal’sCollegeof PharmacyThergaonPune
Structure Elucidation

2. A. Carvone:
 Carvone is a member of a family of chemicals called terpenoids.carvone is
found naturally in many essential oils, but is most abundant in the oils from
seeds of caraway (carum carvi), spearmint (mentha spicate), and dill.
 Structure of carvone:
Carvone

4.  UV of carvone:
 UV Spectrum: (+)-carvone. 0. 0.5. 1. 1.5. 2. 2.5. 3. 3.5. 200. 220. 240. 260.
280. Wavelength (nm).

5.  IR of carvone:

6.  Mass spectroscopy:
 Mass spectrum of the carvone molecule at 536 eV.
 m/z 82(100; 39(69); 41(61.6); 95(51.7); 93(46); 94(44.6); 67(43); 79(34.9);
68(31.6); 80(29.4); 203(6.8). 5: m/z 95(100); 82(46.7); 67(45.7); 39(45.5);
41(41.5); 68(33.1); 110(26); 94(21); 79(20.4); 93(19.5); 203(6.8).

7.  NMR of carvone:
 a NMR spoctra were obtained at 22.6 MHz.
 4: (CDCI3) 6 212 ppm (C 0); 146.7 (--C); 119.7(CN); 110.4(--CH2); 49(C); 42.3(CH2);
40.7(2XCH); 33.5(CH2); 28.1(CH); 28.1(CH2); 21.7(CH3); 20.2(CH3).
 5: (CDCI3) di 211.5 ppm (C 0); 146.7 (--C(); 120.4(CN); 110.7(--CH2); 49.8(C);
44.2(CH2); 40.5(CH); 40.3(CH2); 34.4(CH); 30.6(CH); 28.1(CH2); 25.1(CH3);
20.3(CH3).
 6" (CDCI3) 6 211.4 ppm (C 0); 146.7(--C); 119.3(CN); 110.6(=CH2); 51.8(C);
44.3(CH2); 41.2(CH); 39.3(CH2) 30.5(CH); 29.9(CH); 26.5(CH2) 24.5(CH3);
20.6(CH3).
 l-I NMR spoctra were obtained at 80 MHz and 200 MHz. 4: di 4.65 and 4.75 ppm (2H,
vinylic protons); 3.4(q, 1H); from 1.96 to 2.67 ppm (multiplet, 8H); 1.66 (s, CH3);
1.45 (s, CH3). 5: di 4.72 and 4.78 ppm (2H, vinylic protons); 2.91 (eight lines signal,
1H); 2.66 (multiplet, 3H); 2.39 (multiplet, 3H); 2.17 (multiplet, 1n); 1.92 (td, 1n);
1.71 (s, CH3); 1.41 (s, CH3).
 di 4.68 and 4.86 ppm (2H, vinylic protons); 2.83 (t, 1H); 2.16 to 2.62 (multiplet,
7H); 2.03 (q, 1H); 1.74 (s, CH3); 1.34 (s, CH3).

9.  Uses:
 Carminative
 Toothpaste
 Gargles
 Flavouring
 carvones are used in the food and flavorindustry.
 R-(−)-Carvone is also used for air freshening products and, like many
essential oils, oils containing carvones are used in aromatherapy and
alternative medicine.

10. B. Citral:
 Lemongrass oil contains 70–80 percent citral, which may be isolated by
distillation.
 Other natural sourcesinclude the oils of verbena and citronella.
 Citral can be synthesized from myrcene. Ionone and methylionone, made
from citral, are used in perfumery; ionone is also converted into synthetic
vitamin A.
 Structure of citral:
Citral

11.  Isolation of citral:

12.  UV of citral :
 UVspectrum displayed a band at 238 nm.

14.  IR of citral:

16.  Uses:
 Citral is therefore an aroma compound used in perfumery for its citrus
effect.
 Citral is also used as aflavor and for fortifying lemon oil.
 It also has strong antimicrobial qualities, and pheromonal effects in insects.

17. C. Menthol:
 Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from corn
mint, peppermint, or other mint oils.
 Structure of menthol:
Menthol

19.  UV of menthol:

20.  IR of menthol:

22.  Uses:
 It is used to relieve minor aches and pains, such as muscle
cramps, sprains,headaches and similar conditions, alone or combined with
chemicals such as camphor, eucalyptus oil or capsaicin.

23. D. Luteolin:
 Luteolin is a naturally occurring flavonoid.
 The flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found as integral components of
the human diet. They are universally present as constituents of flowering
plants, particularly of food plants.
 Structure of luteoline:
Luteolin

24.  Isolation of luteolin:

25.  UV of luteolin:
 UVspectra at 254 nm.

26.  IR of luteolin:

27.  NMR of luteolin:

28.  Uses:
 Used in many fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs.
 Plants rich in luteolin have been used in Chinese traditional medicine for
treating various diseases.
 such as hypertension, inflammatory disorders, and cancer.

29. E. Kaempferol:
 Kaempferol is a natural plant product known for its health promoting effects
and its pharmacological and nutraceutical properties.
 It is common in vegetables, fruits, plants and herbal medicines.
 Structure of kaempferol:
Kaempferol

30.  UV of kaempferol:
 UVpeak absorbance at around 250-280 nm and 350-400 nm.

31.  IR of kaempferol:

32.  Uses:
 Kaempferol acts as anantioxidant by reducing oxidative stress.
 Many studies suggest that consuming kaempferol may reduce the risk of
various cancers.
 it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment.

33. F. Nicotine:
 Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade familyof plants (Solanaceae),
predominantly in tobacco, and in lower quantities in tomato, potato, eggplant
(aubergine), and green pepper.
 Nicotine alkaloids are also found in the leaves of the coca plant.
 Structure of nicotine:

35.  UV of nicotine:
 UV absorbance of nicotine at 260 nm in sodium phosphate buffer, is different
at pH 2.5 and pH 6.9.

36.  IR, Mass, NMR of nicotine:

37.  Uses:
 This medication can help you quit smoking by replacing the nicotine in
cigarettes.
 The nicotine in tobacco is an important part of cigarette addiction. When you
stop smoking, your nicotine levels drop quickly.

38. G. Caffeine:
 Sources of caffeine. Caffeine is an alkaloid occurring naturally in some 60
plant species, of which cocoa beans, kola nuts, tea leaves and coffee beans
are the most well-known.
 Structure of caffeine:
Caffeine

39.  Isolation of caffeine:

40.  UV of caffeine:
The UV–VIS absorption spectrum of caffeine in water is found to be in the
region of 243–302 nm at room temperature.

41.  IR of caffeine:

42.  Mass of caffeine:
The mass spectrumof caffeine displays peaks are m/z=194

43.  NMR of caffeine:

44.  Uses:
 Caffeine is used to restore mental alertness or wakefulness during fatigue
ordrowsiness.
 Caffeine is also found in some headacheand migraine medications, in certain
dietary supplements used for weight loss, and in many popular energy drinks.

45. H. Glycyrrhizin:
 Glycyrrhizin (or glycyrrhizic acid or glycyrrhizinic acid) is the chief sweet-
tasting constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) root.
 Structure of glycyrrhizin:
Glycyrrhizin

50.  UV of glycyrrhizin:
 Glycyrrhetinic acid show absorbance maximum at 254 nm.

51.  IR of glycyrrhizin:
IR (KBr)1 3400, 1720, 1640 cm-1

52.  Mass of glycyrrhizin:
 Glycyrrhizin; LC-ESI-QTOF; MS2; CE:Ramp 5-60 V; [M+H]+
 Molecular Weight: 822.942 g/mol.

53.  NMR of glycyrrhizin:
 1H NMR. δ 8.24 (d, H2), 7.54 (d, H1, H14,), 8.31 (s, H7,), 7.03 (s, H16), 6.82
(s, H12 ...

54.  Uses:
 Glycyrrhizin is a widely used anti-inflammatory agentisolated from the
licorice root.