The document details the structure elucidation of morphine, identifying its molecular formula (C17H19O3N) and attributing various functional groups through qualitative analysis. It discusses the nature of oxygen and nitrogen atoms, effects of chemical reactions, and degradation studies that confirm the presence of specific structures such as fused carbocycles. The synthesis and transformations of morphine, including its conversion to derivatives like diacetyl morphine, are also highlighted.

1. STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION
OF MORPHINE
By smit vaniya
23MSCC22

2. Structure Elucidation of Morphine
1. Determination of molecular formula : By qualitative
and quantitative analysis and by molecular weight
determination molecular formula of the morphine is
C17H19O3N
2. Detection of unsaturation : Presence of a double
bond Upon catalytic hydrogenation it gives dihydromorphine
indicates presence of a double bond.
C17H19O3N + H2 Pd C17H21O3N
morphine di hydro
morphine

3. Structure Elucidation of Morphine
IV) The third oxygen atom is must be present in ether
form.
3. Nature of oxygen atoms
I) Upon acetylation morphine forms diacetyl derivative
which indicates presence of two - OH groups.
II) It forms monosodium salt with NaOH and gives
violet colour with FeCl3 solution indicates presence of a
phenolic -OH group.
III) The another -OH group is secondary alcoholic
group, as morphine when treated with halo acid-OH
group is replaced by halogen atom.

4. Structure Elucidation of Morphine
4. Nature of nitrogen atom
I) For exhaustive methylation, morphine requires one
molecule of methyl iodide to form quaternary ammonium
salt which indicates 'N' atom is tertiary in nature.
C17H19O3N + CH3I C18H22O3
Morphine Morphine Quaternary salt
II) In Herzig Meyer method, morphine release one CH3NH2
indicates presence of one 'N-methyl' group.
C17H19O3N CH3NH2
Morphine Methyl amine
Sodalime
distillation

5. Structure Elucidation of Morphine
5. Degradation studies
I) Zn distillation - Morphine upon Zn distillation gives
phenanthrene which indicates morphine contains fused
carbocycle like phenanthrene.
C17H19O3N Zn
distillation
Morphine
phenanthrene.

6. Structure Elucidation of Morphine
II) Hoffman degradation of Morphine
Morphine Heroin
Acetylatio
n
Ac₂O
CH3I
CH3
+
𝐈−
Heroin methiodide
Hoffman
degradation
O
H
O
H
Dihydroxy phenanthrene
(Morphol)
The structure of
morpho is
confirmed by
synthesis

7. THANK YOU