This document discusses issues facing gender-variant people of color in the United States who are of Asian or African descent. It notes that these individuals face compounded discrimination due to racism, transphobia, and other forms of oppression. Research on their experiences has been limited. Guidelines are provided for clinicians working with gender-variant people of color, including examining one's own biases, being aware of differences in acculturation, and respecting clients' cultural preferences. The document also summarizes issues specifically impacting transgender Eastern Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Southern Asians in the U.S., such as cultural barriers, family rejection, health risks, and experiences of isolation.
This document provides information on culturally competent care for transgender individuals. It begins by defining key terms like transgender, transman, and transwoman. It then discusses barriers to healthcare transgender people often face, like discrimination and lack of provider competence. The document outlines a behavioral health approach to counseling transgender clients, including assessment, goals, and common concerns addressed in therapy. It also reviews primary medical treatment options like hormone replacement therapy and gender confirmation surgery. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how to approach medical transitioning while considering any comorbid psychological or medical conditions. Resources for both providers and transgender individuals are provided.
This document provides an introduction to transgender equality. It discusses that gender is a social construct distinct from sex assigned at birth. It describes gender dysphoria and the spectrum of transgender identity. It notes that transgender people exist in all cultures and seek to live authentically. It discusses challenges transgender people face, like lack of support and high rates of suicide attempts. It outlines UK legislation and the medical process for transition. It emphasizes the need for respect, support and inclusion of transgender people in healthcare, housing, and society in general.
This document contains a collection of news articles, research studies, and other resources related to mental health and transgender people. Some key points discussed include: the high rates of discrimination, harassment, and violence experienced by transgender people, which contributes to minority stress; the elevated rates of suicide attempts among transgender people; barriers transgender people face in accessing healthcare, including discrimination and lack of insurance coverage; and debates around anti-discrimination laws and policies regarding transgender bathroom access and school policies.
Transgender Awareness In America Final Presentationjocasill
An exploration in to the world of gender identity and gender dysphoria. An explanation is given in terms of what is gender identity and some possible causes for gender identity disorder are given. Also an introduction is given to psychological approaches to counseling for transgendered clients. Furthermore, an introduction as to how social factors and family can directly have an impact on a transgendered person.
This document provides information from a transgender awareness workshop held in Bournemouth on January 23rd, 2013. It includes quotes from transgender individuals discussing their experiences with feeling trapped in the wrong body, lack of understanding from others, and hopes that future generations do not have to endure the same challenges. The workshop covered topics like gender dysphoria, the spectrum of transgender identities, legislation and statistics regarding transgender people in the UK, the experiences of transgender youth, the transition process, and health and social issues facing the transgender community. Information on groups and resources that can provide support to transgender individuals is also listed.
The document summarizes Judith Butler's essay "Undiagnosing Gender" which examines the debate around the diagnosis of Gender Identity Disorder (GID) in the DSM. Butler argues that the diagnosis pathologizes transgender individuals and denies their autonomy. However, removing GID could limit access to transition-related healthcare. The conclusion is that while GID has benefits, it also restricts self-determination, and a solution balancing both issues has yet to be found.
This document provides information on transgender employment issues and gender identity discrimination in the workplace. It defines key terms like gender identity, gender expression, and transgender. It discusses forms of gender identity discrimination, current lack of federal protections, and differences between gender identity discrimination and sex discrimination. It addresses health insurance coverage of transition-related care and the medical diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria. The document also answers frequently asked questions on topics like workplace harassment, dress codes, bathroom access, complaint processes, and a landmark legal victory for transgender employment protections.
MedicYatra provides the safe & best Gender Reassignment Surgery at its affiliate & trusted hospitals & clinics in various metro cities of India, like Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Pune etc.Our Associate Board certified doctors are extensively trained and vastly experienced and have performed hundreds of such surgery at our state of the art JCI accredited hospitals & Clinics. Our aim is to provide you the best of the services at the most affordable costs. Don't forget to say hi at info@medicyatra.com
This document provides information on culturally competent care for transgender individuals. It begins by defining key terms like transgender, transman, and transwoman. It then discusses barriers to healthcare transgender people often face, like discrimination and lack of provider competence. The document outlines a behavioral health approach to counseling transgender clients, including assessment, goals, and common concerns addressed in therapy. It also reviews primary medical treatment options like hormone replacement therapy and gender confirmation surgery. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how to approach medical transitioning while considering any comorbid psychological or medical conditions. Resources for both providers and transgender individuals are provided.
This document provides an introduction to transgender equality. It discusses that gender is a social construct distinct from sex assigned at birth. It describes gender dysphoria and the spectrum of transgender identity. It notes that transgender people exist in all cultures and seek to live authentically. It discusses challenges transgender people face, like lack of support and high rates of suicide attempts. It outlines UK legislation and the medical process for transition. It emphasizes the need for respect, support and inclusion of transgender people in healthcare, housing, and society in general.
This document contains a collection of news articles, research studies, and other resources related to mental health and transgender people. Some key points discussed include: the high rates of discrimination, harassment, and violence experienced by transgender people, which contributes to minority stress; the elevated rates of suicide attempts among transgender people; barriers transgender people face in accessing healthcare, including discrimination and lack of insurance coverage; and debates around anti-discrimination laws and policies regarding transgender bathroom access and school policies.
Transgender Awareness In America Final Presentationjocasill
An exploration in to the world of gender identity and gender dysphoria. An explanation is given in terms of what is gender identity and some possible causes for gender identity disorder are given. Also an introduction is given to psychological approaches to counseling for transgendered clients. Furthermore, an introduction as to how social factors and family can directly have an impact on a transgendered person.
This document provides information from a transgender awareness workshop held in Bournemouth on January 23rd, 2013. It includes quotes from transgender individuals discussing their experiences with feeling trapped in the wrong body, lack of understanding from others, and hopes that future generations do not have to endure the same challenges. The workshop covered topics like gender dysphoria, the spectrum of transgender identities, legislation and statistics regarding transgender people in the UK, the experiences of transgender youth, the transition process, and health and social issues facing the transgender community. Information on groups and resources that can provide support to transgender individuals is also listed.
The document summarizes Judith Butler's essay "Undiagnosing Gender" which examines the debate around the diagnosis of Gender Identity Disorder (GID) in the DSM. Butler argues that the diagnosis pathologizes transgender individuals and denies their autonomy. However, removing GID could limit access to transition-related healthcare. The conclusion is that while GID has benefits, it also restricts self-determination, and a solution balancing both issues has yet to be found.
This document provides information on transgender employment issues and gender identity discrimination in the workplace. It defines key terms like gender identity, gender expression, and transgender. It discusses forms of gender identity discrimination, current lack of federal protections, and differences between gender identity discrimination and sex discrimination. It addresses health insurance coverage of transition-related care and the medical diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria. The document also answers frequently asked questions on topics like workplace harassment, dress codes, bathroom access, complaint processes, and a landmark legal victory for transgender employment protections.
MedicYatra provides the safe & best Gender Reassignment Surgery at its affiliate & trusted hospitals & clinics in various metro cities of India, like Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Pune etc.Our Associate Board certified doctors are extensively trained and vastly experienced and have performed hundreds of such surgery at our state of the art JCI accredited hospitals & Clinics. Our aim is to provide you the best of the services at the most affordable costs. Don't forget to say hi at info@medicyatra.com
The document discusses several challenges faced by transgender individuals, including high rates of stress during transition, unemployment, disability, and suicide attempts. It notes that transgender people often lose social support and experience discrimination. Additionally, the quality of healthcare services for transgender individuals is often poor. The document advocates for improving access to specialized healthcare providers and services to better meet the needs of the transgender community and reduce health disparities.
Working with the Transgender Population: what you need to knowKnoll Larkin
This document provides an overview of issues related to working with transgender populations. It begins with definitions of key terms and concepts. It then discusses myths and facts about transgender identity, models of medical and social transition, barriers to care, and best practices for making healthcare services transgender-friendly. The goal is to increase awareness and understanding of transgender experiences.
This document discusses transgender children and youth. It defines transgender as a set of characteristics that do not conform to conventional gender roles based on biological sex. While some see it as a disorder, being transgender itself does not cause distress - rather, the distress comes from social misunderstandings, negative reactions from others, and hostile environments. The document recommends nurturing, rather than trying to "correct", gender variant children, and educating parents on properly supporting their transgender children.
Marsha P. Johnson was a pioneering transgender activist known for participating in the 1969 Stonewall riots and co-founding the Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries. In the 1970s and 1980s, Johnson advocated for transgender rights and provided support to transgender youth. Johnson's death in 1992 was initially ruled a suicide but was later reopened as a possible homicide.
Understanding Where the Transgender Population Stands Within Culturesrichalr1226
The document provides an overview of cultural and historical views of transgender populations around the world, including Sweden, the UK, Portugal, Israel, Ukraine, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Norway, and Southeast Asia. It discusses when gender reassignment surgery was legalized in different countries and cultural practices involving third genders in ancient Southeast Asian cultures that have since declined with influence from other religions and cultures. The conclusion reflects on common challenges transgender people face and the power dynamics between Western and Eastern approaches to gender.
One Umbrella, Many People (UM Med School 2009)Knoll Larkin
This document provides information on gender identity and the transgender experience. It defines key terms like sex, gender, gender identity and expression. It discusses the gender spectrum and different transgender identities. It also addresses myths and facts about being transgender, health issues transgender people face, and recommendations for inclusive language and asking about gender identity. The goal is to educate about diversity within the LGBTQ community and barriers to healthcare transgender individuals often experience.
Primary Care and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry Conference - May 1, 2015A.C. Demidont
This document discusses providing respectful care to transgender patients. It begins with a case scenario where a transgender woman named Claire is checking in for an appointment but her medical records still list her name and gender as her birth name and male sex. The document then discusses barriers transgender people face to healthcare like discrimination, lack of insurance coverage, and lack of provider training. It provides best practices for clinics like using preferred names and pronouns, maintaining privacy, and creating an inclusive environment through policies and staff training. The goal is for healthcare providers to understand transgender identities and issues in order to eliminate discrimination and disparities in care.
Pitch
Resonance
Rate
Intensity
Quality
The document discusses gender dysphoria and transsexualism. It defines key terms like gender identity disorder and outlines the diagnostic criteria from the DSM-IV and ICD-10. It then discusses the different types of transsexuals, prevalence rates around the world, and proposed biological and psychological causes. The path to transition is described including counseling, real life experience, hormone therapy, and various surgical procedures. Assessment and treatment of voice in male-to-female transsexuals pre and post hormones is the focus of the presentation.
A transgender person is someone whose personal gender identity does not correspond with their assigned gender at birth. There are two types: trans men, who were assigned female at birth but identify as male, and trans women, who were assigned male at birth but identify as female. Historically in India, transgender individuals have been recognized in mythology and scripture as a third gender. Estimates suggest there are between 0.5-1 million transgender people in India, though accurate national data is lacking. Gender refers to social and cultural roles associated with sex, rather than biological sex itself. Transgender people face numerous problems including identity crises, exclusion, discrimination, exploitation, violence and lack of basic human rights.
Violence against transgender individuals is severely underreported due to a lack of legal protections and data collection. Transgender people experience disproportionately high rates of physical and sexual assault, domestic violence, harassment, and murder. The psychological effects of this violence include suicidal ideation, PTSD, and depression. Transgender people of color and those engaging in sex work are especially vulnerable. Collecting data on violence is important to justify hate crime legislation but the lack of protections prevents data collection, creating a catch-22 situation.
This document defines and discusses various gender identities and sexual orientations, including transgender, homosexuality, bisexuality, and asexuality. It also covers commonly used terms when referring to transgender people and provides tips for being respectful. The document notes problems faced by transgender people such as higher rates of poverty, unemployment, harassment, and suicide attempts. It calls for rights such as equality in education, healthcare, employment, and protection under the law for transgender individuals.
This presentation is about the dilemma people face about transsexuality. The factors considered like pros and cons, and society\'s acceptance. A conclusion was made after looking at the issue from the 5 different ethical approaches.
Being transgender refers to a person whose gender identity does not correspond with their birth sex. Some medical theories suggest there is a genetic component causing the brain and body to develop differently in the womb. About 0.7% of teens in the US identify as transgender, and transgender individuals face higher rates of suicide and homicide - particularly transgender women and transgender women of color. The document provides strategies for exploring and expressing one's gender identity, as well as resources for support groups.
This document is a presentation by Dr. Steven Brown for the 4th Annual Transgender Medical Symposium in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. It discusses hormones and their effects on the body, the development of secondary sex characteristics, and considerations for providing hormone therapy to transgender patients. It covers topics like informed consent processes, evaluating patients for hormone therapy, monitoring treatment effects and side effects, and addressing psychosocial factors.
Gender identity and sexual orientation chapter 9tmbouvier
This document discusses gender identity and sexual orientation. It defines key terms like gender identity, sexual orientation, transgender, cisgender, and more. It explores how gender identity may differ from biological sex and can be shaped by both nature and nurture. It also addresses obstacles faced by transgender individuals like access to healthcare and discrimination. The document aims to increase understanding of diverse identities and lifestyles.
The document summarizes interviews conducted with 12 transgender individuals about their experiences with therapy. Common themes that emerged were fears of being open with others or themselves, concerns that therapists don't understand the transgender experience, and feeling needing to educate therapists rather than receive help. While some found therapy helpful, others had unsupportive experiences where therapists tried to change them or didn't understand their issues. The interviews highlighted the power therapists have and importance of not making assumptions to avoid causing harm.
this slide created to give knowledge about trans gender in india. it also covers the section of indian penal code and supreme court's decision ,related to them.
some legal aspects of the transgender legal status in the world. the paper was read over at 8th International Law Conference, Siem Reap, Cambodia held in May, 2013 by LawAsia
The document discusses Patrick M. Callahan, the founder and president of Transgender Community of Police and Sheriffs International (TCOPS). TCOPS provides support services to transgender law enforcement officers, support staff, emergency responders, and firefighters. The document discusses common questions and misconceptions about transgender people and provides definitions of key terms to promote understanding.
This document discusses various forms of gender discrimination and their history. It introduces the concept of gender discrimination as prejudice or discrimination based on a person's sex or gender. Throughout history, women have faced discrimination in many areas such as the workplace where they are often paid less than men, in politics where they were denied the right to vote in many places, and through practices like sati and child marriage which target women. The document also examines different types of discrimination such as objectification, transgender discrimination, and discrimination in fields like education, the criminal justice system, and fashion.
The document discusses several challenges faced by transgender individuals, including high rates of stress during transition, unemployment, disability, and suicide attempts. It notes that transgender people often lose social support and experience discrimination. Additionally, the quality of healthcare services for transgender individuals is often poor. The document advocates for improving access to specialized healthcare providers and services to better meet the needs of the transgender community and reduce health disparities.
Working with the Transgender Population: what you need to knowKnoll Larkin
This document provides an overview of issues related to working with transgender populations. It begins with definitions of key terms and concepts. It then discusses myths and facts about transgender identity, models of medical and social transition, barriers to care, and best practices for making healthcare services transgender-friendly. The goal is to increase awareness and understanding of transgender experiences.
This document discusses transgender children and youth. It defines transgender as a set of characteristics that do not conform to conventional gender roles based on biological sex. While some see it as a disorder, being transgender itself does not cause distress - rather, the distress comes from social misunderstandings, negative reactions from others, and hostile environments. The document recommends nurturing, rather than trying to "correct", gender variant children, and educating parents on properly supporting their transgender children.
Marsha P. Johnson was a pioneering transgender activist known for participating in the 1969 Stonewall riots and co-founding the Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries. In the 1970s and 1980s, Johnson advocated for transgender rights and provided support to transgender youth. Johnson's death in 1992 was initially ruled a suicide but was later reopened as a possible homicide.
Understanding Where the Transgender Population Stands Within Culturesrichalr1226
The document provides an overview of cultural and historical views of transgender populations around the world, including Sweden, the UK, Portugal, Israel, Ukraine, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Norway, and Southeast Asia. It discusses when gender reassignment surgery was legalized in different countries and cultural practices involving third genders in ancient Southeast Asian cultures that have since declined with influence from other religions and cultures. The conclusion reflects on common challenges transgender people face and the power dynamics between Western and Eastern approaches to gender.
One Umbrella, Many People (UM Med School 2009)Knoll Larkin
This document provides information on gender identity and the transgender experience. It defines key terms like sex, gender, gender identity and expression. It discusses the gender spectrum and different transgender identities. It also addresses myths and facts about being transgender, health issues transgender people face, and recommendations for inclusive language and asking about gender identity. The goal is to educate about diversity within the LGBTQ community and barriers to healthcare transgender individuals often experience.
Primary Care and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry Conference - May 1, 2015A.C. Demidont
This document discusses providing respectful care to transgender patients. It begins with a case scenario where a transgender woman named Claire is checking in for an appointment but her medical records still list her name and gender as her birth name and male sex. The document then discusses barriers transgender people face to healthcare like discrimination, lack of insurance coverage, and lack of provider training. It provides best practices for clinics like using preferred names and pronouns, maintaining privacy, and creating an inclusive environment through policies and staff training. The goal is for healthcare providers to understand transgender identities and issues in order to eliminate discrimination and disparities in care.
Pitch
Resonance
Rate
Intensity
Quality
The document discusses gender dysphoria and transsexualism. It defines key terms like gender identity disorder and outlines the diagnostic criteria from the DSM-IV and ICD-10. It then discusses the different types of transsexuals, prevalence rates around the world, and proposed biological and psychological causes. The path to transition is described including counseling, real life experience, hormone therapy, and various surgical procedures. Assessment and treatment of voice in male-to-female transsexuals pre and post hormones is the focus of the presentation.
A transgender person is someone whose personal gender identity does not correspond with their assigned gender at birth. There are two types: trans men, who were assigned female at birth but identify as male, and trans women, who were assigned male at birth but identify as female. Historically in India, transgender individuals have been recognized in mythology and scripture as a third gender. Estimates suggest there are between 0.5-1 million transgender people in India, though accurate national data is lacking. Gender refers to social and cultural roles associated with sex, rather than biological sex itself. Transgender people face numerous problems including identity crises, exclusion, discrimination, exploitation, violence and lack of basic human rights.
Violence against transgender individuals is severely underreported due to a lack of legal protections and data collection. Transgender people experience disproportionately high rates of physical and sexual assault, domestic violence, harassment, and murder. The psychological effects of this violence include suicidal ideation, PTSD, and depression. Transgender people of color and those engaging in sex work are especially vulnerable. Collecting data on violence is important to justify hate crime legislation but the lack of protections prevents data collection, creating a catch-22 situation.
This document defines and discusses various gender identities and sexual orientations, including transgender, homosexuality, bisexuality, and asexuality. It also covers commonly used terms when referring to transgender people and provides tips for being respectful. The document notes problems faced by transgender people such as higher rates of poverty, unemployment, harassment, and suicide attempts. It calls for rights such as equality in education, healthcare, employment, and protection under the law for transgender individuals.
This presentation is about the dilemma people face about transsexuality. The factors considered like pros and cons, and society\'s acceptance. A conclusion was made after looking at the issue from the 5 different ethical approaches.
Being transgender refers to a person whose gender identity does not correspond with their birth sex. Some medical theories suggest there is a genetic component causing the brain and body to develop differently in the womb. About 0.7% of teens in the US identify as transgender, and transgender individuals face higher rates of suicide and homicide - particularly transgender women and transgender women of color. The document provides strategies for exploring and expressing one's gender identity, as well as resources for support groups.
This document is a presentation by Dr. Steven Brown for the 4th Annual Transgender Medical Symposium in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. It discusses hormones and their effects on the body, the development of secondary sex characteristics, and considerations for providing hormone therapy to transgender patients. It covers topics like informed consent processes, evaluating patients for hormone therapy, monitoring treatment effects and side effects, and addressing psychosocial factors.
Gender identity and sexual orientation chapter 9tmbouvier
This document discusses gender identity and sexual orientation. It defines key terms like gender identity, sexual orientation, transgender, cisgender, and more. It explores how gender identity may differ from biological sex and can be shaped by both nature and nurture. It also addresses obstacles faced by transgender individuals like access to healthcare and discrimination. The document aims to increase understanding of diverse identities and lifestyles.
The document summarizes interviews conducted with 12 transgender individuals about their experiences with therapy. Common themes that emerged were fears of being open with others or themselves, concerns that therapists don't understand the transgender experience, and feeling needing to educate therapists rather than receive help. While some found therapy helpful, others had unsupportive experiences where therapists tried to change them or didn't understand their issues. The interviews highlighted the power therapists have and importance of not making assumptions to avoid causing harm.
this slide created to give knowledge about trans gender in india. it also covers the section of indian penal code and supreme court's decision ,related to them.
some legal aspects of the transgender legal status in the world. the paper was read over at 8th International Law Conference, Siem Reap, Cambodia held in May, 2013 by LawAsia
The document discusses Patrick M. Callahan, the founder and president of Transgender Community of Police and Sheriffs International (TCOPS). TCOPS provides support services to transgender law enforcement officers, support staff, emergency responders, and firefighters. The document discusses common questions and misconceptions about transgender people and provides definitions of key terms to promote understanding.
This document discusses various forms of gender discrimination and their history. It introduces the concept of gender discrimination as prejudice or discrimination based on a person's sex or gender. Throughout history, women have faced discrimination in many areas such as the workplace where they are often paid less than men, in politics where they were denied the right to vote in many places, and through practices like sati and child marriage which target women. The document also examines different types of discrimination such as objectification, transgender discrimination, and discrimination in fields like education, the criminal justice system, and fashion.
This document discusses the hijra community in Pakistan. It explains that hijras have historically served as servants in Mughal courts but now live as social outcasts. Hijras live in groups led by a guru and earn income by performing at events like births and weddings. However, hijras face extreme discrimination and lack of access to education, employment, healthcare and other rights. Recently some legal protections and recognition have been granted, but overall hijras remain marginalized in Pakistani society.
This document provides information about sex, gender, gender identity and expression. It discusses the differences and relationships between sex assigned at birth based on biological attributes versus gender identity. It also addresses transgender experiences and the process of transitioning socially and medically. Intersex identities are also noted. Myths and stereotypes about transgender people are presented and rebutted. Respect for personal gender identity and avoidance of invasive personal questions are emphasized.
The document discusses findings from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) regarding mental health differences among racial and ethnic groups in the United States. It finds that while race is an important factor, there are also differences between ethnic groups like African Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, and whites. Immigrant status and ancestry were found to impact mental health outcomes for Afro-Caribbeans. The study also looked at multigenerational families and found mental health disparities are influenced by multiple social and biological factors over the life course, not any single cause.
Korean American Female Perspectives on Disability Article Summary.docx4934bk
This document provides a summary of an article that examines Korean American female perspectives on disability. It discusses the cultural influences on views of health and disability within Korean culture, including religious beliefs in spirits as potential causes of illness or disability. It also describes the traditional social orientation and family structure in Korean culture, noting the influence of Confucianism, Buddhism, and the emphasis on family loyalty and harmony. The purpose is to provide cultural context to help professionals working with Korean American families understand different perspectives on disability and provide culturally appropriate evaluation and treatment.
This document summarizes a research article that reviewed 30 studies examining perceptions of mental health services among Black Americans of African American, African, and Caribbean descent. The review found:
1) For African Americans, themes around perceptions that influenced service use included the importance of trust and respect from providers, as well as concerns about stigma and discrimination.
2) A lack of literature limited identifying themes for Africans and Caribbean Blacks.
3) The findings highlight the need for more research to better understand nuanced differences in perceptions within the Black American population in order to improve mental health services.
Please read each attachment for instructions, please answer each q.docxstilliegeorgiana
This document provides instructions for an activity involving counseling immigrants. It includes three parts with multiple questions to answer after reading attached documents on counseling Haitian students, an immigration report, and a counseling model for immigrants. For part three, students are asked to write a transcript of a counseling session with an immigrant client applying concepts from the counseling model document, including creating a bicultural identity table. The transcript should be 2-4 pages and follow a question/answer format between counselor and client.
Please read each attachment for instructions, please answer each q.docxchristalgrieg
Please read each attachment for instructions, please answer each question all 8 with an answer after reading each attachment. Do not answer each question in a running paragraph. question/answer in at least 200 -300 word detailed with references from attachments and one extra where needed.
I do not have a second chance to correct
Activity: Counseling Immigrants
Instructions:
This activity is composed of three parts. In order to complete part I, you must read the article “Counseling Haitian Students and their Families: Issues and Interventions.” In order to complete part II, you must read the “APA Immigration Report Executive Summary,” and in order to complete part III, you must read “Counseling Model for Immigrants.”
Part I
1) Explain the differences between what parents are expected to do in American schools and what parents are expected to do in Haitian schools.
2) Why did Jean’s parents did not seek contact with teachers?
3) Haitian students face significant prejudice from teachers and classmates based on their race, the negative image of voudou, their former classification as a high-risk group for AIDS, and the violence and corruption of Haiti’s domestic politics. Name the interventions suggested by Joseph (1984).
Part II
1. The United States today has approximately _______ million immigrants—the largest number in its history. As a nation of immigrants, the United States has successfully negotiated larger proportions of newcomers in its past (______% in 1910 vs. _____% today). Notably, nearly _________ ____________of the foreign-born are naturalized citizens or authorized noncitizens.
2. Nearly a ___________ of children under the age of 18 have an immigrant __________.
3. One third of the foreign-born population in the United States is from ________, and a total of _______% originate from Latin America (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010).The four states with the largest numbers of immigrants (California, __________, New Mexico, and _________) have already become “majority/minority” (______ than ________% White) states (U.S. Census Bureau, 2011a).
4. Immigrants arrive in the United States with varied levels of education. At one end of the spectrum are highly educated immigrant adults (Portes & Rumbaut, 2006) who comprise a ___________ of all U.S. __________, ________% of the nation’s __________ and ____________ workers with bachelor’s degrees, and _______% of scientists with ______________.
5. An estimated ________ languages are currently spoken in homes in the United States.
6. Psychological acculturation refers to the dynamic process that immigrants experience as they __________ to the culture of the new country.
7. The constellation of presenting issues for immigrants tends to fall within the areas of _________________- based presenting problems, __________-based presenting problems, and _________________, ____________, and ______________–based problems.
8. To increase the accessibility and efficacy of services, clinicians and p.
This document discusses barriers to healthcare for immigrant women. It provides definitions of key concepts like generalization, stereotyping, and cultural competence. It then explores broader social barriers like economic issues, assimilation pressures, and diversity within immigrant communities. Specific health barriers discussed include lack of insurance, language barriers, transportation issues, and stigma. The document also covers how religion, LGBT status, and immigration status can influence care provision and health outcomes for immigrant women.
This study examined cases of child abuse among Chinese immigrant families in Los Angeles. The researchers reviewed 221 case files from the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services involving limited-English speaking Chinese families reported for abuse from July to September 2001. The study found that the most common types of abuse were physical abuse (18.9% of cases) and neglect (27.4% of cases). Factors like cultural beliefs, family roles, gender roles, and length of time living in the US influenced the characteristics and severity of abuse cases. The study highlights needs for clear policies, community support, outreach programs, and better systems to prevent abuse among immigrant families.
This study examined 221 cases of child abuse among immigrant Chinese families in Los Angeles. The researchers reviewed case files to analyze victim characteristics, perpetrator traits, family characteristics, and outcomes. Most victims endured physical abuse or neglect, and perpetrators generally had less education and spoke English less well than counterparts. Children were often kept in the home, reflecting cultural norms favoring keeping families together. The study provided insight into culturally-informed abuse patterns and implications for social services.
By Faanda DesirNUR 3655—Culture in Nursing Practice Profess.docxRAHUL126667
By: Faanda Desir
NUR 3655—Culture in Nursing Practice
Professor: Eddie Cruz, RN MSN
BSN HC 0517
Culture and Socio-culture groups
1
Haitians are people who are living in Haiti. Their ancestors were slaves from Africa and were taken to the nation by Spaniards (Laguerre, 2016).
In the 1790s, the slaves decided to revolt against the French colonies and they fled to American seaports.
The immigrants were very determined to survive in the new land, United States of America.
African-Americans are particular ethnic group of Americans who are totally of partially having an ancestry from the Black racial group in Africa.
Most of them descended from the enslaved Africans (Fatma et al., 2013).
African Americans is the third largest ethnic group in United States of America after White Americans and Latino Americans.
History
Black-Americans
Haitian Heritage
African-American history is the part of American history that looks at the African-American or Black American ethnic groups in the United States.
According to the United States Census of 1990, there were about 290,000 people who claimed Haitian ancestry.
2
This is the reason why they are called the Haitian Americans (Jackson, Maurice & Jacqueline, 2013).
The history of the Black Americans starts when people from West Africa were being taken as slaves to Spanish America in the 17th century.
Some of them were freed after the Civil war in 1865.
History cont.
Black-Americans
Haitian Heritage
Most African Americans are the descendants of Africans forcibly brought to and held captive in the United States from 1555 to 1865.
It was then that the black populace of the island revolted against slavery and there was a panicked exodus.
3
The Haitian American have strong belief in their homeland culture and traditions.
They believe that illness are from supernatural origin and they are caused by angry spirits (Laguerre, 2016).
A Haitian American family is supposed to provide a niche that would allow their descendants practice cultural continuity.
The distinct identity of African-American culture is rooted in the historical experience of the African-American people.
The culture is both distinct and enormously influential on American culture as a whole.
The Culture of African American people is majorly rooted in the Central and West Africa (Wizdom, 2012).
Values and worldview
Black-Americans
Haitian Heritage
Elaborate rituals and ceremonies were a significant part of African Americans' ancestral culture. Many West African societies traditionally believed that spirits dwelled in their surrounding nature.
Through the medium of the family, which influences the behaviors of Haitian American family members through the mechanism of socialization.
4
Haitian Americans speak three languages; French, English and Creole.
A great number of them speak only Creole.
This is a language which developed when the Africans slaves were taken from various places to Caribbean island (Jackson, Maurice & Jacqueline ...
CIT: Responding to Mulitcultural Incidents citinfo
This document discusses cultural considerations for crisis intervention teams when responding to individuals from various cultural backgrounds. It provides an overview of the demographics and histories of immigrants and refugees in the US from places like Zimbabwe, Somalia, Laos and Hmong communities. It also discusses the cultural perspectives and practices around mental illness within these groups. The document outlines tips for crisis response with individuals from Hmong, Somali and Native American communities, emphasizing the importance of cultural awareness, respecting traditions, and working with community leaders.
Listening to the Voices of Native Hawaiian Elders Article.pdfSharlaAnnFujimoto
This document summarizes a study that conducted listening meetings with 41 Native Hawaiian elders and family caregivers to discuss aging, health, and care preferences. It aims to better understand the health needs and care preferences of this population in order to inform policies and programs. Three theoretical frameworks are discussed that provide context: the life course perspective examines how life events and sociohistorical factors influence health in older age; minority stress theory suggests that discrimination and stigma accumulate over time to produce health disparities; and the historical trauma model proposes that the subjugation of Native Hawaiians has had intergenerational impacts on well-being. Key themes from the listening meetings point to both universal aging/caregiving concerns as well as culturally specific influences of traditional practices
Cultural compency training ASIA, Inc FinalJunko Shimizu
This document provides information about cultural competency training for working with immigrant and refugee survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault. It begins with an agenda for the training, then provides data on Asian communities in Northeast Ohio served by Asian Services in Action, Inc. It details the organization's domestic violence and sexual assault program, challenges faced, and a culturally responsive support group. Recommendations are provided for working with interpreters and improving cultural humility when serving these communities.
The document discusses strategies for improving diabetes management programs to better serve racially and ethnically diverse patient populations. It emphasizes the importance of cultural competence and addressing health beliefs, alternative treatments, language barriers, and family roles that are specific to different ethnic groups. Effective programs elicit patients' cultural health beliefs, educate practitioners, provide language assistance, and address social factors like racism that can influence health outcomes.
(1) citation reference 150 words CultureHmong CultureC.docxmadlynplamondon
(1) citation reference 150 words
Culture
Hmong Culture
Considerations
In beginning the interview, a consideration to remember is that eye contact is considered rude to Hmong People and that tone of voice and body language are very important; taking too loudly, placing too much emphasis on words, or talking excessively with hands and arm movements can result in noncompliance (Carteret, 2012). As this patient is young and assumed to be mainstream with Western culture, she will likely be understanding and forgiving of eye contact, tone, and body language but interactions with older family members will require care.
Gender of the nurse might play a role in some assessments, it is important to ask if a male nurse has permission to touch the abdomen or auscultate the lungs, heart, or abdomen. Questions pertaining to sex should be private and held with a nurse who is the same gender as the patient, it is of note that questions or examinations regarding sexual health can be misinterpreted as judgment of promiscuity, resulting in refusal, so sex must be addressed with much explanation and rationale without judgment (Carteret, 2012). As infection can be related to sex or sexual contact, this should be addressed with this patient.
The patient’s language preference for the interview is also important. The patient is a young adult and in college, however, her preference might be Hmong, or the language typically spoken at home. Another consideration is, does the patient want anyone else present for her interview/assessment? Hmong People have a family structure that is patriarchal, meaning, the father generally very involved in decision making and can, ultimately have the final say on a topic or treatment; the mother is caregiver and may wish to be present to help take care of the patient. Hmong Elders also play a large role in decision making, with a Grandfather that might want to talk directly with the doctor and make decisions over the wishes of the patient or patient’s father (Carteret, 2012).
Hmong Culture has roots in animism, which is the belief that objects, places, animals, people, etc. all have spirits and bodies that maintain a natural balance (Duffy, J., Harmon, R., Ranard, D.A., Thao, B., & Yang, K. (2004). The fever in this patient could be related to an imbalance in her spirit, an inhabitation by another sprit that is making her ill, disapproval of recent behavior by dead ancestors, or a curse (Carteret, 2012). The family might elect to have a religious healer, or Shaman visit to perform holistic medicine on the patient, some of this medicine might cause burns or pinch marks with coining or skin pinching being common practices for illness (Khuu, Yee, & Zhou, 2017). An understanding of Western medicine might not be present, the patient or family may ask for dosages of antibiotics for infection or acetaminophen of fever to be increase or decrease based on how they feel; it is important to explain that medications are dosed on scientifi.
Material Hardship and Self-Rated Mental Healthamong Older Bl.docxalfredacavx97
Material Hardship and Self-Rated Mental Health
among Older Black Americans in the National
Survey of American Life
Gillian L. Marshall, Roland J. Thorpe Jr., and Sarah L. Szanton
This article examines the association between material hardships and self-rated mental
health (SRMH) among older black Americans and determines whether the effect varies by
race and ethnicity. Using data from the National Survey of American Life, multiple logistic
regression models were specified on a sample of older white Americans (n = 289), African
Americans (n = 1,135), and black Caribbean Americans (n = 377). Material hardship was
measured as an index of seven items that occurred within the past year. Material hardship
(odds ratio = 0.48; 95 percent confidence interval = 0.29–0.79) was associated with SRMH
for both groups. None of the interactions were significant. The study concludes that mater-
ial hardship may contribute to poorer SRMH among older African Americans and black
Caribbean Americans. Future studies should examine these associations by using longitu-
dinal designs, which may be better designed to confirm these results.
KEY WORDS: African Americans; black Caribbean Americans; material hardship; mental health
Although federal agencies such as theNational Institutes of Health [NIH], theNational Academy of Medicine [NAM]
(formerly the Institute of Medicine), and the Admin-
istration on Aging (AoA) have goals of reducing or
eliminating mental health disparities across the life
course (AoA, 2001; U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services [HHS], AoA, 2008), significant
racial, ethnic, and economic disparities in mental
health persist. This is particularly true among older
adults (AoA, 2001). One of the goals set out by NIH
and NAM has been to better understand and reduce
socioeconomic and racial health disparities.
Earlier work suggests that socioeconomic status
(SES), in part, is one mechanism by which health dis-
parities exist (Williams & Collins, 1995; Williams, Yu,
Jackson, & Anderson, 1997). The impact of SES as a
risk factor resulting in poor health outcomes has been
well documented (Braveman, Cubbin, Egerter, Wil-
liams, & Pamuk, 2010; Farmer & Ferraro, 2005; Lantz,
House, Mero, & Williams, 2005). Although the con-
tribution of SES is important in that it has been a ma-
jor source for understanding health disparities, it still
does not fully explain the gap in health that remains or
the pathway by which low income affects health
(Whitfield, Thorpe, & Szanton, 2011). SES indicators
other than education, income, and occupation may
be worth exploring. Some evidence suggests that
the differences in the relationship between low SES
and poor health outcomes may be attributed to eco-
nomic hardships (Kahn & Pearlin, 2006; Krause, 1987;
Szanton et al., 2008; Szanton, Thorpe, & Whitfield,
2010; Thorpe, Szanton, Bell, & Whitfield, 2013).
Material hardship, for example, complements mea-
sures of SES in an attempt to capture hardships ex-
perienced r.
The document summarizes key points about race and ethnic variations in the United States from a sociological perspective. It discusses the main racial and ethnic groups (White, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, Asian, and Native American), their historical contexts and transitions, common family and parenting characteristics, socioeconomic contexts and challenges. It also defines and distinguishes the concepts of race, ethnicity, prejudice, discrimination, assimilation, and acculturation.
I need 100 words response to each discussion forum.(1) Ther.docxShiraPrater50
I need 100 words response to each discussion forum.
(1) There are various interpretations of the meaning of culture, just as there are many facets associated with culture. When considering culture from a sociological viewpoint, it encompasses the shared values, beliefs, languages, communication and practices of a group or geographical area. While there are various elements associated with culture, most individuals typically associate themselves with a particular culture. For instance, those of us who live in the United States often identify themselves as being a part of Weston Culture, while those who live in certain geographic regions identify themselves as being a part of that culture, such as southern culture, which is associated with those who live in the southeast region of the country. There are others who associate culture with ethnicity, such as those who identify themselves as being a part of African American culture.
As a black American, I identify myself as being a part of African American culture in certain aspects. One of the internal characteristics associated with African American culture is the general mistrust of Caucasians, which is held by many who identify as members of this cultural group. This internal characteristic may be a result of the history of conflict and social injustice between the two groups. While this internal characteristic is not visible, it is often internalized subconsciously.
Religion and spirituality are often an external characteristic associated with many who identify themselves as being a part of African American culture. Many African American's are very open with their religious and cultural beliefs, and often make this a weekly priority. According to the Pew Research Center, 79% of African Americans identify themselves as having religious affiliation, which is higher than other groups in America (Masci, 2018).
There are various social and cultural norm norms which tend to be adhered to by many who identify as being a part of African American culture. "Social and cultural norms are rules or expectations of behavior and thoughts based on shared beliefs within a specific cultural or social group. While often unspoken, norms offer social standards for appropriate and inappropriate behavior that govern what is (and is not) acceptable in interactions among people" ("Addressing the Social and Cultural Norms," 2018). One of the cultural norms of African American culture is that adult men should marry and have a family. Those that do not adhere to this cultural norm are often looked upon critically, and in many instances are stigmatized, and stereotyped. I would argue that this cultural norm produces negative effects, which in many instances results in individuals disclosing their true identify in order to fit into their respective group.
While my perspective leaves room for argue, I assert that the cultural norm I have mentioned, may be a reason as to why HIV rates are higher among African Amer ...
Native Americans have faced significant hardship and loss of culture due to European colonization. This document discusses the implications of this history for modern substance abuse issues among Native American communities. It provides statistics showing high rates of alcohol, tobacco, and drug abuse as well as related problems like domestic violence and poverty. The document examines cultural and historical factors contributing to substance abuse and explores traditional and Western approaches to treatment.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Transgender wiki presentation
1. Gender-Variant People of Color in the United States: Individuals of Asian and/or African Descent Alliant International University Emi Komaki Naomi Jackson KannonNalls
2. Intersectionality The manner in which multiple social locations and identities influence one another Identities cannot be viewed completely independently of one another This is a very important consideration for members of multiple minority groups, who must often develop ways of negotiating their identities outside of those utilized by mainstream minorities Collins, 2000; Phillips & Stewart, 2008; Wynn & West-Olatunji
3. Issues Concerning Gender-Variant People of Color “Dual minority” = members of two minority groups (e.g. transgendered and Asian-American)(Israel & Tarver, 1997, p. 125) Might be a member of more than two minority groups Compounded effects of racism, transphobia, homophobia, etc. Often marginalized – distant from both the dominant, majority culture as well as from the culture of origin Disproportionately higher rates of victimization, unemployment, substance abuse, HIV infection, prostitution, homelessness, and other difficulties If lower SES, may go for many years without adequate medical/mental healthcare May be forced to seek dangerous illegitimate transition-related treatments Israel & Tarver, 1997
4. Problems in Research With Racial and Gender/Sexual Minorities Research acknowledging their distinct issues is limited Racial and sexual identity development models helpful in understanding some aspects of their experience – limited because they portray development as linear or bound by well-defined categories Racial identity development models often fail to acknowledge the influence of sexual/gender identity formation Sexual identity development models often fail to acknowledge the influence of race/racism Wynn & West-Olatunji, 2008
5. Guidelines for Clinical Work with Gender-Variant People of Color Examine personal biases before beginning therapy; maintain awareness of biases throughout treatment Do not make assumptions, even if familiar with the ethnic culture Make specific requests for information about client’s “cultural experiences, perceptions, and emotional responses” (Israel & Tarver, 1997, p. 126) Be aware of personal level of acculturation and how it differs from that of the client Do not pathologize a client’s reluctance or lack of trust – racial/ethnic minorities are commonly guarded with people from the dominant culture Israel & Tarver, 1997
6. Guidelines for Clinical Work with Gender-Variant People of Color (Cont’d) Remember that depending on culture, clients may have difficulty with the following: Discussions about sex, sexual practices, and intimate feelings Discussions about negative family dynamics Physical contact (e.g. touching, hugging) Ask clear questions about and respect client’s preferences Israel & Tarver, 1997
8. Where is Eastern Asia and Pacific Islands? Eastern Asia include People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, and South Korea Pacific Islands consist of up to 30,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean, which are normally grouped into Melanesia, Micronesia, & Polynesia
9. Population of Asian and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. Asian and Pacific Islander population is rapidly increasing (National Center for Health Statistics, 2011). 15 million in the year of 2008
11. Cultural aspects – traditional role Males In East Asian cultures, the family is highly valued and there are strict cultural expectations and role assigned to each member of the family (Liu & Chan, 1996) Males are more valued and wanted than females, especially in East Asian cultures, and are expected to be the leader of the family to produce male offspring (Shon & Ja, 1982) East Asian females are expected to obey their parents and then to husbands, and to be a caretaker at home (Shon & Ja, 1982)
12. Transgender people in Eastern Asia and Pacific Islands Mythological storytelling involving transgender figures across Asian and Pacific Islander cultures (Park & Manzon-Santos, 2000) Adverse impacts of Western colonization changed the dynamics of traditional Asian and Pacific Islander cultures, including the perspective and attitude toward transgender people (Park & Manzon-Santos, 2000)
13. Transgender Eastern Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. Very limited number of studies on transgender Eastern Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. The number of transgender Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. is difficult to grasp An estimate number of 2,500, or 40 % of the local transgender population, in San Francisco are Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (Park & Manzon-Santos, 2000) Transgender people are among the “most invisible and marginalized” of all Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (Park & Manzon-Santos, 2000)
14. Major Issues among transgender Eastern Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. Cultural and Legal Issues: 86 % of MTF Asian and Pacific Islanders (APIs) born outside of the U.S. (Operario & Nemoto, 2005) A group of MTF Asian sex workers (e.g. Chinese, Thai, and Filipina) in one study in New York City were exclusively immigrant, often undocumented (Hwahng & Nuttbrock, 2007) Language and cultural barriers (Park & Manzon-Santos, 2000) Limited access to legal, medical, mental health, and other social services Distrust in the medical and health care systems due to fear of deportation and language barrier (Hwahng & Nuttbrock, 2007)
15. Major Issues among transgender Eastern Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. Cont’d Interpersonal Issues: Feeling isolated from family and community due to a conflict with transgender identity (Tran, 1998) Transphobia and racism experienced within the “dual minorities” (Israel & Tarver, 1997, p. 125)
16. Major Issues among transgender Eastern Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. Cont’d Health and Mental Health Issues: 13 % of MTF APIs reported being HIV-positive (Operario & Nemoto, 2005) Low prevalence when compared to African-American (41 %) and Hispanic groups (21 %) A group of MTF Asian sex workers in New York City reported having a moderate HIV risk work for survival (Hwahng & Nuttbrock, 2007) MTF transgender APIs reported the lowest needs for medical and social services among transgender persons of color (Nemoto, Operario, & Keatley, 2005) 1 in 4 MTF transgender APIs reported being clinically depressed (Operario & Nemoto, 2005)
17.
18. Major Issues among transgender Eastern Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. Cont’d 46 % of MTF transgender APIs reported having sex while under the influence of substances, with amphetamines used the most (40%) (Operario & Nemoto, 2005) Transgender API sex workers reported high rate of use of injected and non-injected methamphetamine (Park & Manzon-Santos, 2000)
19. A qualitative study involving 12 FTM Asian and Pacific Islanders (Mar, 2010) Findings: Most participants were not talking hormones or did not have any gender-related surgeries Most participants were out in their 20swhen they met other transgender persons and learned about them 1 in 2 participants were officially out to their family, but most of them received some type of support from family More mothers struggled accepting the gender identity of their sons than fathers 1 in 2 participants reported feeling isolated from API community due to different reasons (e.g. religion, mixed racial background, gender identity)
20. A qualitative study involving 12 FTM Asian and Pacific Islanders (Mar, 2010) cont’d 3 participants, who fit a role of a traditional oldest son, were asked by their parents to discuss financial obligations for the family after they were out 1 in 2 participants viewed the transgender community is dominated by White people Most participants have observed and/or experienced racial discrimination and stereotyping within the transgender community
21.
22. Be educated of clients’ cultural, ethnic, and familial backgrounds and how these factors may interact with their gender issues
23. Provide informed consent and relevant information in the language clients feel comfortable the most
24. Normalize the stigma associated with gender and racial minority as they are members of “duel minorities”
27. What is “Southern Asia?” South Asia is often referred to as the “Indian Subcontinent.” Countries apart of South Asia include: India Pakistan Bangladesh Bhutan Nepal Maldives Afghanistan Iran Sri Lanka
28. Cultural facts about Southern Asian Americans South Asian Americans occupy the third largest Asian group in America and follow various religions such asChristianity, Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, etc.(Choudhury, et al., 2009).
29. Cultural facts about Southern Asian Americans (Cont’d) “Five Asian groups number 1 million or more people: Chinese, Filipino, Asian Indian, Vietnamese and Korean. Together these five groups made up about 80% of the Asian population.” (http://www.ameredia.com)
30. South Asian Transgender Culture-The Hijira (Lev, 2004) In Indian culture, the “Hijira” occupy a third gender where physiological males engage in feminine gender expressions and gender roles. “Gender is an illusion…maleness and femaleness are simply mirror images of each other…” (p. 61). The Hijira lifestyle is based around the emasculation of male identity via voluntary castration, being impotent, or being born hermaphroditic (p. 62). Due to the increasing westernization of India, the social status of the Hijira is decreasing, leaving many to rely on prostitution/entertainment to make a living (Penrose, 2005).
31. A Community Study Examining LGBT Issues in South Asians Americans in Southern California (Choudhury, et al., 2009) Findings All respondents aged 17 to 25 years old reported the experienced homophobia, transphobia, or biphobia from their own South Asian community. 56% reported to have experience racism and exoticism in the LGBTIQ community
32. A Community Study Examining LGBT Issues in South Asians in Southern California (Choudhury, et al., 2009)-Cont’d 9 out of every 10 respondents admitted to have some mental health issue (45% experienced suicidal thoughts and 29% admitted to problems with alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs. Despite medical services being available to 79% of the sample, only 30% had utilized these public services within the past year. Significance? Because of the stigma and shame that surround overt sexuality and mental illness in South Asian-American culture, this group is less likely to take advantage of these services. Due to this lack of public discourse on sexual issues, HIV prevalence remains high and related issues are often ignored.
33. A Community Study Examining LGBT Issues in South Asians in Southern California (Choudhury, et al., 2009)-Cont’d As a “dual minority,” South Asian Americans may be rejected by the LGBT community due to their race and also rejected by “mainstream” South Asian culture due to their gender variance.
34. What is “Southeastern Asia” Countries of Southeast Asia: Cambodia Laos Burma (Myanmar) Thailand Vietnam Peninsular Malaysia East Malaysia Brunei Indonesia Philippines Singapore East Timor
35. Cultural Aspects-Intersection of transgenderism and Asian-American family values Shame and Dishonor Traditionally, the respect and status of the family’s reputation in the community is the most important cultural value (Ohnishi, Ibrahim, and Grzegorek, 2006). Members who do not conform to expected roles and behaviors are subject to shame and guilt, essential components in the socialization of Asian children (Wong, Chng, Ross, Mayer,1998). Having an identity outside of that of the family, can dishonor the family name, thus violating the ultimate cultural norm (Wong, Chng, Ross, Mayer,1998).
36. Cultural Aspects-Intersection of transgenderism and Asian-American family values (Cont’d) Consequently, members are at risk for family rejection, emotional problems and self-destructive behaviors (Ohnishi, Ibrahim, and Grzegorek, 2006). Due to this risk of being ostracized, LGBT Asian Americans are less likely to come out They are more likely to disclose their status to friends and non-parent family members (Wong, Chng, Ross, Mayer,1998).
37. Transgender People of Color and Sex Work (Nemoto, Keatly, Operario, & Villegas, 2004) Interviewed 48 MTF transgendered sex workers (including 15 API’s) about the context of their sexual practices and HIV risks in an American city Participants say they were more likely to have unprotected (without a condom) when having sex with their intimate partner because “…unprotected sex was a way to increase of intimacy and connection…” (p. 730). A majority of the sample stated they always used condoms during “sex work” (unless more money was offered to forego the condom).
38. Transgender People of Color and Sex Work (Nemoto, Keatly, Operario, & Villegas, 2004)-Cont’d Needs for Gender Validation and Risky Sexual Behavior Some participants said they desired the attention and validation of being a woman (i.e. being courted, flirted with, doing the sexual acts themselves) and would make sacrifices to maintain these feelings. As such, many of them would compromise their values and “put up with” unfaithful , abusive, and drug addicted intimate partners(p. 733). This desire may also have rendered them psychologically vulnerable and more likely to engage in unsafe sex practices and drug use, two factors which elevate the chances of contracting HIV.
39. Transgenderism information in 2 Southeast Asian countries-A Supplement Indonesia (Prabawanti, et. al., 2011) A study measured the prevalence of HIV at 24.4% for the MTF transsexual population (“Waria”). The seroprevalence for syphilis in the waria was 26.8%. Low condom use, ignorance of safe sex and other risky sexual behaviors are implicated in these elevated rates.
40. Transgenderism information in 2 Southeast Asian countries-A Supplement (Cont’d) Sri Lanka (Nichols, 2010) Study highlights the unique physical and harassing abuses performed by clients (and police) unto the “nachchi,” sex workers who are physiological males with feminine gender expression. Because of the stigma of gender variance coupled with being sexually active with men and women, the nachchi are subject to higher levels of violence, legal prosecution, and extortion, even by police. Compared to that experienced by traditional male (homosexual) and female (heterosexual) sex workers.
41. Clinical Implications for South/Southeastern Asian-Americans Understand the importance of the family culture and how a transgender identity will affect this dynamic. Western ideals of independence and “self-discovery” may not be as important, if not insignificant, in Asian-American households. Interventions must be administered accordingly as clients balance the demands of American and Asian culture (Individualism vs. Conformity). Issues of sexuality and sexual expression may not be as freely expressed in Asian culture-Be sensitive and tactful when approaching these areas. On average, mental illness and/or mental health issues may be more stigmatized in Asian culture. Because transgender Asian-Americans are a dual minority, a clinician must be mindful of the intersection of race and gender identity and subsequent experiences of discrimination.
42. Support Groups for the South/Southeast Asian LGBT Community http://www.trikone.org/index.shtml South Asian Lesbian and Gay Association-New York City (SALGA-NYC) South Asian Network (SAN) Asian Pacific Islander Queer Women & Transgender Coalition (APIQWTC) APIQWTC Gay Asian & Pacific Islander Men of New York (GAPIMNY) The mission of the Gay Vietnamese Alliance (GVA) National Queer API Alliance (NQAPIA) Queer Asian Pacific Alliance (QAPA) South Bay Queer and Asian (SBQA)
44. Traditional Views of Mainstream African-American Community Lack of distinction between issues of gender identity and issues of sexual orientation – social judgments based on natal sex (e.g. MTF with biological male partner is considered gay) Prevalent homophobia – often manifests in violence against misunderstood LGBTQQI African-Americans “Coming out” is taboo; “silence is rewarded with tacit acceptance” (Phillips & Stewart, 2008, p. 386) Phillips & Stewart, 2008
45. Traditional Views of Mainstream African-American Community (Cont’d) Hierarchy of gender/sexual expression: Masculine heterosexual men Feminine heterosexual women Men/women who maintain traditional gender presentation, but have sex/romantic relationships with partners of the same sex AND race either secretly or monogamously Transgender, transsexual, androgynous, gender-bending/blending individuals of any sexual orientation Intersexuality is invisible and unacknowledged Phillips & Stewart, 2008
46. Marginalization of Gender-Variant African-Americans Frequently excluded from mainstream LGBTQQI culture -> increased risk of: Isolation Estrangement Psychological vulnerability Loss of crucial communal support -> negative impact on well-being and identity development Wynn & West-Olatunji, 2008
47. Marginalization of Gender-Variant African-Americans (Cont’d) “Coming out” viewed as counterproductive to the success of African-American culture Often ignored or denigrated by churches and religious groups – spirituality is a fundamental part of African-American culture Spiritual emptiness Fewer coping skills Smaller support network Wynn & West-Olatunji, 2008
48. Still, There’s a Rich History of Gender Variance among African-Americans From Left to Right: Bessie Smith (female masculinity); Sylvester (Black “diva” tradition; Willie Mae “Big Mama” Thornton (female masculinity); Unidentified female impersonators (Black “diva” tradition) Willi Ninja (Black “diva” tradition); Gertrude “Ma” Rainey (female masculinity); Andre “RuPaul” Charles (Black “diva” tradition); Dennis Rodman (gender bending) Phillips & Stewart, 2008; transgriot.blogspot.com
49. Clinical Concerns for Gender-Variant African-Americans High incidence of: Depression Anxiety Suicidal Ideation Substance Abuse HIV infection Prostitution/sex work for survival Clinicians MUST assess the impact of the following factors upon mental health: Family dynamics Religion Racism Transphobia (and homophobia) Internalized oppression Wynn & West-Olatunji, 2008
50. Clinical Concerns for Gender-Variant African-Americans (Cont’d) Nemoto et al. (2000) conducted 7 focus groups with 48 MTF transgendered individuals, 16 of which were African-American, and found the following for the African-American group: 37% reported depression 41% reported suicide attempt(s) 39% reported physical assault 40% reported sexual assault(s) as a minor 35% reported sexual assault(s) as an adult
51. Elevated HIV Risk For Gender-Variant African-Americans Men who have sex with men (MSM), especially those of color, are the single highest group at risk for HIV/AIDS Currently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) do not separate MTF individuals from MSMs, and do not include any statistics specific to FTM individuals (cdc.gov; gender.org) One study found that over 35% of MTFs surveyed were HIV+, and nearly two thirds of that group were African-American (Transgender Community Health Project) Rose et al. (2002; meta-analysis) findings: African-American MTFs have a greater than 50% HIV prevalence 42 of 71 (60%) African-American MTFs surveyed locally were HIV+
52. Factors Which Increase HIV Risk Among Gender-Variant African-Americans Sex work: HIV status often not discussed with partners Pressure from partners to engage in unprotected sex Other health and social needs often outweigh considerations of HIV prevention Substance abuse (often for coping): Impaired judgment Sharing of syringes Injection Silicone Use (ISU) Not administered/monitored by medical professionals Syringes often shared Rose et al., 2002; gender.org
53. Recommendations for Clinical Work With Gender-Variant African-Americans Utilize a culturally-centered approach (must be trained/prepared to do so) Use culturally-appropriate terminology (e.g. “same-gender-loving” rather than “gay”) Help the client to: Deal with the stress of managing multiple identities Reduce anxiety from conflicting cultural expectations Clarify the social forces that contribute to their dilemma Develop effective support networks (may include nontraditional family structures) Be prepared with referrals to other culturally-sensitive professionals/organizations Wynn & West-Olatunji, 2008
54. A Final Note on Resiliency African-Americans have fought against racism, discrimination, and oppression for hundreds of years. Gender-variant African Americans are no exception. It’s important for professionals and clinicians to remember that even in the most dire circumstances, many clients have the capacity to be resilient, and even thrive. Isis King: First transgendered contestant on America’s Next Top Model Tona Brown: Successful violinist, vocalist, and music instructor
55. Resources for African-American Gender/Sexual Minorities Books Boykin, K. (2005). Beyond the down low: Sex, lies and denial in Black America. New York: Carroll & Graf. Ettner, R. (1999). Gender loving care: A guide to counseling gender-variant clients. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. Griffin, H. L. (2006). Their own receive them not: African American lesbians and gays in Black churches. Cleveland, OH: The Pilgrim Press. Films Riggs, M. T. (Producer). (1994). Black is Black Ain’t [Documentary]. Independent Television Service. Organizations Black Gay and Lesbian Leadership Forum The Brothers Network in San Francisco Educational Transvestite Chapter (ETVC) National Task Force on Aids Prevention Israel & Tarver, 1997; Wynn & West-Olatunji, 2008
56. References Ameredia.com Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/msm/index.htm Choudhury, P.P., Badhan, N.S., Chand, J., Chhugni, S., Choksey, R., Husainy, S., Lui, C., Wat, E.C. (2009). Community alienation and its impact on help-seeking behavior among LGBTIQ South Asians in Southern California, Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 21, 247–266. Collins, P. H. (2000). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. New York: Routledge. Dang, A., & Hu, M. (2004). Asian Pacific American Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender people: A community portrait, a report from New York’s queer Asian Pacific legacy conference, 2004. National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute. Retrieved from mhttp://www.thetaskforce.org / downloads/ reports/ reports/ APACommunityPortrait.pdf Gender.org – Medical Advisory Bulletin. http://www.gender.org/resources/dge/gea02004.pdf Hwahng, S.J. & Nuttbrock, L. (2007). Sex workers, fem queens, and cross-dressers: Differential marginalizations and HIV vulnerabilities among three ethnocultural male-to-female transgender communities in New York City. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, Journal of NSRC, Vol. 4, No. 4. Israel, G.E., & Tarver, D.E. (1997). Transgender care: Recommended guidelines, practical information & personal accounts. Temple University Press, Philadelphia. Lev, A.I (2004). Transgender Emergence: Therapeutic Guidelines for Working with gender-variant people and their families. The Haworth Press, Inc.: New York. Liu, P. & Chan, C.S. (1996). Lesbian, gay and bisexual Asian Americans and their families. In J. Laird & R. J. Green (Eds.), Lesbians and gays in couples and families: A handbook for therapists (pp. 137-152). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
57. References (Cont’d) Mar, K. (2010). Female-to-male transgender spectrum people of Asian and Pacific Islander descent (Doctoral dissertation). Alliant International University, San Francisco, CA. National Center for Health Statistics. (2011). Health, United States, 2010: With special feature on death and dying. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. Nemoto, T., Keatly, J., Operario, D., & Villegas, D. (2004). Social context of HIV risk behaviours among male-to-female transgenders of colour..AIDS CARE, 16,(6), 724-735. Nemoto, T., Keatley, J., Operario, D., & Soma, T. (2000). Psychosocial factors affecting HIV risk behaviors among male-to-female transgenders (MTF TGs) in San Francisco. Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco. Funded by the National Institutes on Drug Abuse. Nemoto, T., Operario, D., & Keatley, J. (2005). Health and social services for male-to-female transgender persons of color in San Francisco. The Haworth Press, Inc. Nichols, A. (2010). Dance ponnaya, dance! Police abuses against transgender sex workers in Sri Lanka. Feminist Criminology, 5(2), 195-222. Operario, D., & Nemoto, T. (2005). Sexual risk behavior and substance use among a sample of Asian Pacific Islander transgender women. AIDS Education & Prevention, Vol. 17, Issue 5, p. 430-443. Ohnishi, H., Ibrahim, F.A., Grzegorek, J.L. (2006). Intersections of identities: Counseling lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Asian Americans. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 1, 77-94. Park, P., & Manzon-Santos, J. (2000). Issues of transgendered Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Asian & Pacific Islander Wellness Center. Retrieved from http://www.apiwellness.org/article_tg_issues.html Penrose, W.D. (2005). India. GLBTQ Social Sciences, 1-5. Phillips, L., & Stewart, M. (2008). I am just so glad you are alive: New perspectives on non-traditional, non-conforming, and transgressive expressions of gender, sexuality, and race among African-Americans. Journal of African-American Studies,12, 378–400. DOI 10.1007/s12111-008-9053-6. Prabawanti, C., Bollen, L., Palupy, R., Morineau, G., Girault, P., Mustikawati, D.E., Majid, N., Nurhayat, Aditya, E.R., Anartati, A.S., & Magnani, R. (2011). HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Transgenders in Indonesia. AIDS Behavior, 15, 663-673.
58. References (Cont’d) Rose, V., Scheer, S., Balls, J., Page-Schafer, K., & McFarland, W. (2002). San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA. Shon, S., & Ja, D. (1982). Asian families. In M. McGoldrick, J.K Pearce & J. Giordano (Eds.), Ethnicity and Family Therapy (pp. 208-228). New York: Guilford Press. Tran, D.K. (1998). Transgender/transsexual roundtable (D. K.Tran Trans.). In D. L. Eng & A. Y. Horn (Eds.), Q & A: Queer in Asian America (227-243). Temple University Press, Philadelphia. Transgender Community Health Project : http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02#S4X Transgriot: http://transgriot.blogspot.com/2009/01/african-american-transgender-history.html U.S. Census Bureau (2010). State and County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/00000.html Wong, F.Y., Chng, C.L., Ross, M.W., Mayer, K.H. (1998). Sexualities as social roles among Asian- and Pacific Islander American gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender Individuals: Implications for community-based health and prevention. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, 2, 157-166. Wynn, R., & West-Olatunji, C. (2008). Culture-centered case conceptualization using NTU psychotherapy with an African-American gay male client. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 2(4), 308-25. Haworth Press. DOI: 10.1080/15538600802501995