This document discusses the role of geophysics in estimating conventional and unconventional petroleum resources. It explains that geophysical technologies like seismic attributes can help analyze faulted reservoirs and predict rock and fluid properties. Time-lapse seismology through reservoir surveillance allows for updated resource estimates. While seismic data provides useful insights, predictions have inherent uncertainty that requires integrating different data sources. The document also distinguishes between conventional resources found in discrete accumulations versus unconventional resources which are pervasive.
What are my 3P Reserves? Haas Petroleum Engineering Serviceshaasengineering
What is the best way to estimate your 3P reserves? President of Haas Petroleum Engineering Services Thad Toups gave this presentation on Haas' internal analytics and auditing methodology.
25 decovalex 2019 geochemical and reactive transport evaluations with relevan...leann_mays
The document summarizes work evaluating geochemical trends in groundwater data from the GREET field experiment in Japan. It describes analyzing groundwater chemistry data from monitoring borehole MSB-2 to explore fluid mixing using geochemical modeling. EQ3/6 simulations of dilution and mixing of waters from Zones 1 and 7 of MSB-2 reproduced observed calcium and sulfate trends. The document also details planned 1D reactive transport modeling using PFLOTRAN of the Closure Test Drift to simulate the effects of cement interactions on porewater chemistry.
This document discusses reservoir evaluation techniques. It begins by defining reservoir evaluation as utilizing geological, geophysical, and engineering methods to understand downhole formation properties for better decision making. Key goals are estimating hydrocarbon volumes, assessing recoverable reserves, and prioritizing development. Important parameters in formation evaluation are identified as fluid composition, water saturation, size, volume, permeability, and porosity. The document also outlines technical challenges, the role of wireline logs, and the importance of reservoir evaluation for productivity and economic impact.
One-Page Red Hill SI RA modeling Omaha feb13Jeffrey Hart
Cardno TEC was contracted to characterize historic fuel releases from the Navy Red Hill Fuel Storage Facility located on Oahu, Hawaii. The facility consists of 20 underground storage tanks constructed before WWII with a total capacity of 250 million gallons. Past investigations identified fuel releases impacting groundwater quality near a drinking water well. Cardno TEC installed monitoring wells and developed a 3D groundwater model to evaluate fuel transport. Their risk assessments found no imminent threat to water supply. They established long-term groundwater and soil vapor monitoring programs and a groundwater protection plan implemented since 2004.
Seismic Applications Throughout the Life of the Reservoir
(C) July 2002 Oilfield Review
Projects: Seismic Reservoir Characterizationusing avo inversion for reservoir characterization
Operators are getting more from their reservoirs by combining high-quality seismic
images with conventional reservoir data. Asset teams use this calibrated seismic
information to gain detailed knowledge of reservoir properties, allowing them to
reduce risk at every stage in the life of their prospects.
Trine Alsos
Alfhild Eide
Statoil
Trondheim, Norway
Donatella Astratti
Stephen Pickering
Gatwick, England
Marcelo Benabentos
Nader Dutta
Subhashis Mallick
George Schultz
Houston, Texas, USA
Lennert den Boer
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Michael Livingstone
Aberdeen, Scotland
Michael Nickel
Lars Sønneland
Stavanger, Norway
Juergen Schlaf
Phillips Petroleum Company
Stavanger, Norway
Pascal Schoepfer
Petroleum Development Oman
Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Mario Sigismondi
Juan Carlos Soldo
Pecom Energía de Pérez Companc SA
Neuquén, Argentina
Lars Kristian Strønen
Statoil
Bergen, Norway
For help in preparation of this article, thanks to Mike
Bahorich, Apache Corporation, Houston, Texas, USA; Lee
Bell, Laurence Darmon, Olav Holberg, John Waggoner and
Bob Will, Houston, Texas; Phil Christie, Cambridge, England;
Doug Evans, Malcolm Francis, Michael French, Bob
Godfrey, Kim Hughes and Stephen McHugo, Gatwick,
England; and Ray Pratt, Amerada Hess, Olso, Norway.
ECLIPSE, FrontSim, MultiWave Array and RFT (Repeat
Formation Tester) are marks of Schlumberger.
GeoArabia, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1999
Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain
Best Practices in 3-D Land Seismic Acquisition in the Middle East and North Africa: Cost-Effective Acquisition in a Low Oil Price Environment
(C)Neil McMahon, Arthur D. Little Management Consultants,
(C)Kees Ruitenbeek*, Petroleum Development Oman,
(C)Jan Wams, Shell Compania Argentina de Petroleo S.A.,
(C)Steve Slawson, Continuum Resources International Corporation
(C)GeoArabia, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1999 Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain
- Atef Farouk Abdelaal has over 18 years of experience in the petroleum industry, including positions as Senior Petrophysicist and Project Leader at ADCO in Abu Dhabi.
- He has expertise in petrophysics, reservoir modeling, and managing studies of undeveloped oil reservoirs across the Middle East and North Africa.
- Currently he is the Acting Study Manager at ADCO, where he leads teams and presents results to shareholders seeking approval for appraisal drilling.
The document discusses the Distinguished Lecturer Program run by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE). It is primarily funded by member donations and industry support. The program brings in expert lecturers to discuss topics like global warming, fossil fuels, and the linkage between human activity and climate change. The document outlines some of the key debates in this area between those who believe human activity is the primary driver of climate change and those who are more skeptical of this view.
What are my 3P Reserves? Haas Petroleum Engineering Serviceshaasengineering
What is the best way to estimate your 3P reserves? President of Haas Petroleum Engineering Services Thad Toups gave this presentation on Haas' internal analytics and auditing methodology.
25 decovalex 2019 geochemical and reactive transport evaluations with relevan...leann_mays
The document summarizes work evaluating geochemical trends in groundwater data from the GREET field experiment in Japan. It describes analyzing groundwater chemistry data from monitoring borehole MSB-2 to explore fluid mixing using geochemical modeling. EQ3/6 simulations of dilution and mixing of waters from Zones 1 and 7 of MSB-2 reproduced observed calcium and sulfate trends. The document also details planned 1D reactive transport modeling using PFLOTRAN of the Closure Test Drift to simulate the effects of cement interactions on porewater chemistry.
This document discusses reservoir evaluation techniques. It begins by defining reservoir evaluation as utilizing geological, geophysical, and engineering methods to understand downhole formation properties for better decision making. Key goals are estimating hydrocarbon volumes, assessing recoverable reserves, and prioritizing development. Important parameters in formation evaluation are identified as fluid composition, water saturation, size, volume, permeability, and porosity. The document also outlines technical challenges, the role of wireline logs, and the importance of reservoir evaluation for productivity and economic impact.
One-Page Red Hill SI RA modeling Omaha feb13Jeffrey Hart
Cardno TEC was contracted to characterize historic fuel releases from the Navy Red Hill Fuel Storage Facility located on Oahu, Hawaii. The facility consists of 20 underground storage tanks constructed before WWII with a total capacity of 250 million gallons. Past investigations identified fuel releases impacting groundwater quality near a drinking water well. Cardno TEC installed monitoring wells and developed a 3D groundwater model to evaluate fuel transport. Their risk assessments found no imminent threat to water supply. They established long-term groundwater and soil vapor monitoring programs and a groundwater protection plan implemented since 2004.
Seismic Applications Throughout the Life of the Reservoir
(C) July 2002 Oilfield Review
Projects: Seismic Reservoir Characterizationusing avo inversion for reservoir characterization
Operators are getting more from their reservoirs by combining high-quality seismic
images with conventional reservoir data. Asset teams use this calibrated seismic
information to gain detailed knowledge of reservoir properties, allowing them to
reduce risk at every stage in the life of their prospects.
Trine Alsos
Alfhild Eide
Statoil
Trondheim, Norway
Donatella Astratti
Stephen Pickering
Gatwick, England
Marcelo Benabentos
Nader Dutta
Subhashis Mallick
George Schultz
Houston, Texas, USA
Lennert den Boer
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Michael Livingstone
Aberdeen, Scotland
Michael Nickel
Lars Sønneland
Stavanger, Norway
Juergen Schlaf
Phillips Petroleum Company
Stavanger, Norway
Pascal Schoepfer
Petroleum Development Oman
Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Mario Sigismondi
Juan Carlos Soldo
Pecom Energía de Pérez Companc SA
Neuquén, Argentina
Lars Kristian Strønen
Statoil
Bergen, Norway
For help in preparation of this article, thanks to Mike
Bahorich, Apache Corporation, Houston, Texas, USA; Lee
Bell, Laurence Darmon, Olav Holberg, John Waggoner and
Bob Will, Houston, Texas; Phil Christie, Cambridge, England;
Doug Evans, Malcolm Francis, Michael French, Bob
Godfrey, Kim Hughes and Stephen McHugo, Gatwick,
England; and Ray Pratt, Amerada Hess, Olso, Norway.
ECLIPSE, FrontSim, MultiWave Array and RFT (Repeat
Formation Tester) are marks of Schlumberger.
GeoArabia, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1999
Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain
Best Practices in 3-D Land Seismic Acquisition in the Middle East and North Africa: Cost-Effective Acquisition in a Low Oil Price Environment
(C)Neil McMahon, Arthur D. Little Management Consultants,
(C)Kees Ruitenbeek*, Petroleum Development Oman,
(C)Jan Wams, Shell Compania Argentina de Petroleo S.A.,
(C)Steve Slawson, Continuum Resources International Corporation
(C)GeoArabia, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1999 Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain
- Atef Farouk Abdelaal has over 18 years of experience in the petroleum industry, including positions as Senior Petrophysicist and Project Leader at ADCO in Abu Dhabi.
- He has expertise in petrophysics, reservoir modeling, and managing studies of undeveloped oil reservoirs across the Middle East and North Africa.
- Currently he is the Acting Study Manager at ADCO, where he leads teams and presents results to shareholders seeking approval for appraisal drilling.
The document discusses the Distinguished Lecturer Program run by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE). It is primarily funded by member donations and industry support. The program brings in expert lecturers to discuss topics like global warming, fossil fuels, and the linkage between human activity and climate change. The document outlines some of the key debates in this area between those who believe human activity is the primary driver of climate change and those who are more skeptical of this view.
Tony Becker has over 19 years of experience in geology, hydrogeology, and environmental consulting. He has worked on projects involving brownfield sites, VIC/PVIC programs, and petroleum exploration. Becker has extensive field experience collecting samples, installing monitoring wells, and operating remediation systems. He is skilled at communicating technical information and utilizing software such as GIS, RockWare, WellSight, and MS Office. Becker holds various safety certifications and has directed projects for companies such as the Air Force, Antea Group, and Neset Consulting. He has a Bachelor's degree in Geology from Bemidji State University.
The document discusses resources and reserves in the oil and gas industry. It defines resources as total quantities of discovered and undiscovered petroleum, divided into discovered and undiscovered quantities initially in place. Reserves are classified according to certainty levels of proved, probable and possible. Reserves must be recoverable under economic conditions from known accumulations. Estimation involves volumetric, material balance and production decline analysis, considering future development projects. Regular validation through reserves reconciliation is important.
This document discusses the Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program. It provides the following key details in 3 sentences:
The SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program is funded primarily by the SPE Foundation through member donations and Offshore Europe. It allows industry professionals to serve as lecturers on topics like CO2 storage and CO2-EOR. Additional support is provided by AIME to further the program's educational mission.
Resources and Reserves are the foundation assets to all E&P companies. Valuation of E&P companies is based on these numbers in their book! It is the most important asset of any E&P company. In Fortune 500 (http://fortune.com/global500/ ) 2,3,4,5,6 11 & 12 are E&P.
This presentation gives an overview to what goes into this MOST IMPORTANT number. You may need to check some basic terms and backup to get a fuller understandign
February 2022 TAGD Business Meeting
Study Results: Delineating Injection Well Buffer Zones in Brackish Aquifers
Juan Acevedo, BRACS Hydrologist, TWDB Jack Sharp, Professor Emeritus in Geology, UT- Austin
Shale development in the US has been ongoing for at least the last decade, and many lessons can be learned from the US experience to help prevent air emissions and aquifer contamination in future developments around the world. Media reports and films such as "Gasland" imply that shale development is widely polluting fresh water aquifers and the atmosphere, with a wide range of estimates of contamination. This lecture examines the risk of contamination of aquifers through wellbores, either by hydrocarbon migration or hydraulic fracturing operations, and is primarily based on a comprehensive three-year study funded by the US National Science Foundation examining nearly 18,000 wells drilled in the Wattenberg Field in Colorado, plus other relevant studies. In the midst of the Wattenberg field is heavy urban and agricultural development, with over 30,000 water wells interspersed with the oil and gas wells, resulting in a natural laboratory to measure aquifer contamination. Lessons learned have universal applications with clear relationships established between well construction methods in both conventional and unconventional wells and contamination risks.
Rogun rockfill dam (335 m). Summary of final report of experts with brief aft...Yury Lyapichev
The panel of experts reviewed studies on the Rogun Hydropower Project and found:
1. The studies were comprehensive and rigorous, meeting international standards. Geological conditions are suitable for an earthfill dam and construction materials are available.
2. Seismic risks were adequately addressed at the feasibility stage, though further analysis is needed for detailed design. The maximum credible earthquake could produce 0.71g peak ground acceleration.
3. The rising salt wedge was analyzed and mitigation measures like a hydraulic curtain and underdrain proposed. More data is still needed but risks can likely be mitigated.
Reserve Estimation of Initial Oil and Gas by using Volumetric Method in Mann ...ijtsrd
This research paper is focused to estimate the current production rate of the wells and to predict field remaining reserves. The remaining reserve depends on the production points that selected to represent the real well behavior, the way of dealing with the production data, and the human errors that might happen during the life of the field. Reserves estimating methods are usually categorized into three families analogy, volumetric, and performance techniques. Reserve Estimators should utilize the particular methods, and the number of methods, which in their professional judgment are most appropriate given i the geographic location, formation characteristics and nature of the property or group of properties with respect to which reserves are being estimated ii the amount and quality of available data and iii the significance of such property or group of properties in relation to the oil and gas properties with respect to which reserves are being estimated. In this research paper, the calculation of collecting data and sample by volumetric method are suggested to estimate the oil and gas production rate with time by using the geological configuration and the historical production data from CD 3700 3800 sand in Mann Oil Field. San Win "Reserve Estimation of Initial Oil and Gas by using Volumetric Method in Mann Oil Field" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27945.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/petroleum-engineering/27945/reserve-estimation-of-initial-oil-and-gas-by-using-volumetric-method-in-mann-oil-field/san-win
Unitization is the process of developing an oil or gas field that spans multiple license or international boundaries as a single unit. It ensures optimal resource recovery and maximizes value for the involved parties and states. Historically, the "rule of capture" led to inefficient development as individual operators sought to quickly extract resources. Modern unitization agreements establish initial participation shares and include provisions for later redeterminations based on new technical data. They aim to facilitate cooperative development while equitably allocating costs and production among stakeholders.
The weakness of reservoir simulations is the lack of quantity and quality of the required input; their strength is the ability to vary one parameter at a time. Therefore, reservoir simulations are an appropriate tool to evaluate relative uncertainty but absolute forecasts can be misleading, leading to poor business decisions. As recovery processes increase in complexity, the impact of such decisions may have a major impact on the project viability. A responsible use of reservoir simulations is discussed, addressing both technical users and decision makers. The danger of creating a false confidence in forecasts and the value of simulating complex processes are demonstrated with examples. This is a call for the return of the reservoir engineer who is in control of the simulations and not controlled by them, and the decision maker who appreciates a black & white graph of a forecast with realistic uncertainties over a 3-D hologram in colour.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document provides an introduction and overview of key concepts for understanding petroleum geology and reservoir evaluation, including the exploration and production (E&P) process. It defines important terms like reservoir, seal, and pay and explains the requirements for a viable petroleum or carbon dioxide storage system. The document also summarizes common sources of geological data used in reservoir evaluation like seismic imaging, well logs, cores, and analogs. It describes the E&P stages from permit evaluation through development and outlines how companies evaluate exploration permits based on assessing the probability of successful petroleum systems.
Michael Royle is a Principal Hydrogeologist with over 25 years of experience in mining and hydrogeology projects across multiple continents. He has expertise in mining hydrogeology, mine closure, dewatering, groundwater monitoring, and working in challenging conditions like permafrost. Notable projects include hydrogeological programs for the Wheeler River, Century, Finsch, and Kinsevere mines. Michael has also led many mine closure projects in northern Canada involving the design of groundwater monitoring systems and remediation plans.
Jessop - Example OtterTail Projects_160317Mark Jessop
Mark Jessop worked as a senior project manager for OtterTail Environmental from 2008-2014. He gained experience managing a variety of environmental projects including fisheries and wildlife studies, water quality evaluations, and stream restoration plans. Some of the major projects he worked on included managing aquatic baseline studies for a large-scale gold mine in Alaska, conducting fisheries assessments for oil and gas projects in Colorado and Alaska, and leading a stream habitat mapping project along 33 miles of Crooked Creek in Alaska. Mr. Jessop specialized in database design, GIS data collection and analysis, and generating technical reports.
The primary funding for the Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program is provided by member donations to The SPE Foundation and a contribution from Offshore Europe. The program also receives support from companies that allow their employees to serve as lecturers and from AIME. The January 2020 tour lecture focuses on thriving in a lower oil price environment, including topics such as market dynamics, keys to success, technology impacts, and takeaway points.
This document discusses new techniques for reducing exploration risk in challenging subsurface environments like deep water and beneath salt or basalt. It describes how 3D seismic surveys have improved drilling success rates from 25% to 50% but success is still low in some areas like 10% in deep Gulf of Mexico wells. New methods of acquiring seismic data from multiple azimuths and with vertically aligned sources and receivers are providing higher quality images to further reduce risk by illuminating subsurface targets from more directions. Examples from various basins demonstrate how these improvements in seismic technology decrease the chance of drilling dry holes.
The document discusses methods for estimating parameters used in groundwater resource assessments. It describes several methods for determining specific yield, including pumping tests, the volume dewatering method, and the Ramsahoye-Lang analytical method. It also discusses estimating the rainfall infiltration factor using the water level response analysis method, which correlates groundwater recharge to rainfall amounts. Accurately estimating parameters is important for generating realistic assessments of an area's groundwater resources.
This document summarizes a hydrologic assessment of oil and gas development in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico. It analyzes water rights data, tracked water usage for hydraulic fracturing, and estimated groundwater volumes using subsurface geology data. The largest water rights allocations are for mining, domestic use, and food production, totaling over 80%. Oil and gas accounts for 6.3% (6,674 acre-ft/year). Hydraulic fracturing of vertical wells uses 150,000-207,000 gallons on average, while horizontal wells use over 3 acre-ft. Estimated groundwater volumes in 10 major aquifers above 2,500 feet depth, where water is fresher, total over 4.
This document summarizes an HEC-HMS hydrologic model of the Cherry Creek basin in Colorado, which drains into Cherry Creek Lake. The 22-subbasin model was created using geospatial data and streamflow records. Land use was classified from 1954 to 2004 using maps and aerial photos. The Green-Ampt method was used to simulate rainfall-runoff processes, accounting for soil properties and initial moisture conditions. Key events in 1965, 1973, and 2006 were used to calibrate soil parameters for each subbasin. Storage functions were developed for impoundments and the reservoir based on surveys. The completed model simulates the precipitation-runoff process and outflow to Cherry Creek Lake.
Identifying By-passed Pay and New Reservoirs by Jeff Bayless of NutechDaniel Matranga
The document summarizes an analysis of a Gulf of Mexico reservoir using thin bed well log analysis and 3D geological modeling. Previous models underestimated oil reserves. New analysis using thin bed processing identified additional net pay and increased original oil in place estimates by 40%. The updated model recommends 3 new wells and 2 recompletions to further develop the field based on improved resolution of reservoir properties and connectivity.
The document provides an overview of findings from a climate risk and vulnerability assessment for the Nam Ngiep 1 hydropower project in Laos. It identifies the most significant climate change impacts as an increased potential for energy production but also a dramatic rise in spillway usage accelerating wear. Moderate impacts include reduced reservoir storage and water quality issues. Monitoring critical thresholds and preventative catchment measures are recommended, along with studies on adaptation opportunities.
Reservoir engineering involves estimating oil and gas reserves within underground formations. Reservoir engineers determine the volume of hydrocarbons originally in place and the fraction that can be recovered using production methods over time. Estimating reserves requires understanding properties like porosity, which is the proportion of void space within a rock that can contain fluids. Porosity values are measured through lab analysis of core samples and well logs, and can range widely between reservoir types and impact recoverable volumes.
Tony Becker has over 19 years of experience in geology, hydrogeology, and environmental consulting. He has worked on projects involving brownfield sites, VIC/PVIC programs, and petroleum exploration. Becker has extensive field experience collecting samples, installing monitoring wells, and operating remediation systems. He is skilled at communicating technical information and utilizing software such as GIS, RockWare, WellSight, and MS Office. Becker holds various safety certifications and has directed projects for companies such as the Air Force, Antea Group, and Neset Consulting. He has a Bachelor's degree in Geology from Bemidji State University.
The document discusses resources and reserves in the oil and gas industry. It defines resources as total quantities of discovered and undiscovered petroleum, divided into discovered and undiscovered quantities initially in place. Reserves are classified according to certainty levels of proved, probable and possible. Reserves must be recoverable under economic conditions from known accumulations. Estimation involves volumetric, material balance and production decline analysis, considering future development projects. Regular validation through reserves reconciliation is important.
This document discusses the Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program. It provides the following key details in 3 sentences:
The SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program is funded primarily by the SPE Foundation through member donations and Offshore Europe. It allows industry professionals to serve as lecturers on topics like CO2 storage and CO2-EOR. Additional support is provided by AIME to further the program's educational mission.
Resources and Reserves are the foundation assets to all E&P companies. Valuation of E&P companies is based on these numbers in their book! It is the most important asset of any E&P company. In Fortune 500 (http://fortune.com/global500/ ) 2,3,4,5,6 11 & 12 are E&P.
This presentation gives an overview to what goes into this MOST IMPORTANT number. You may need to check some basic terms and backup to get a fuller understandign
February 2022 TAGD Business Meeting
Study Results: Delineating Injection Well Buffer Zones in Brackish Aquifers
Juan Acevedo, BRACS Hydrologist, TWDB Jack Sharp, Professor Emeritus in Geology, UT- Austin
Shale development in the US has been ongoing for at least the last decade, and many lessons can be learned from the US experience to help prevent air emissions and aquifer contamination in future developments around the world. Media reports and films such as "Gasland" imply that shale development is widely polluting fresh water aquifers and the atmosphere, with a wide range of estimates of contamination. This lecture examines the risk of contamination of aquifers through wellbores, either by hydrocarbon migration or hydraulic fracturing operations, and is primarily based on a comprehensive three-year study funded by the US National Science Foundation examining nearly 18,000 wells drilled in the Wattenberg Field in Colorado, plus other relevant studies. In the midst of the Wattenberg field is heavy urban and agricultural development, with over 30,000 water wells interspersed with the oil and gas wells, resulting in a natural laboratory to measure aquifer contamination. Lessons learned have universal applications with clear relationships established between well construction methods in both conventional and unconventional wells and contamination risks.
Rogun rockfill dam (335 m). Summary of final report of experts with brief aft...Yury Lyapichev
The panel of experts reviewed studies on the Rogun Hydropower Project and found:
1. The studies were comprehensive and rigorous, meeting international standards. Geological conditions are suitable for an earthfill dam and construction materials are available.
2. Seismic risks were adequately addressed at the feasibility stage, though further analysis is needed for detailed design. The maximum credible earthquake could produce 0.71g peak ground acceleration.
3. The rising salt wedge was analyzed and mitigation measures like a hydraulic curtain and underdrain proposed. More data is still needed but risks can likely be mitigated.
Reserve Estimation of Initial Oil and Gas by using Volumetric Method in Mann ...ijtsrd
This research paper is focused to estimate the current production rate of the wells and to predict field remaining reserves. The remaining reserve depends on the production points that selected to represent the real well behavior, the way of dealing with the production data, and the human errors that might happen during the life of the field. Reserves estimating methods are usually categorized into three families analogy, volumetric, and performance techniques. Reserve Estimators should utilize the particular methods, and the number of methods, which in their professional judgment are most appropriate given i the geographic location, formation characteristics and nature of the property or group of properties with respect to which reserves are being estimated ii the amount and quality of available data and iii the significance of such property or group of properties in relation to the oil and gas properties with respect to which reserves are being estimated. In this research paper, the calculation of collecting data and sample by volumetric method are suggested to estimate the oil and gas production rate with time by using the geological configuration and the historical production data from CD 3700 3800 sand in Mann Oil Field. San Win "Reserve Estimation of Initial Oil and Gas by using Volumetric Method in Mann Oil Field" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27945.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/petroleum-engineering/27945/reserve-estimation-of-initial-oil-and-gas-by-using-volumetric-method-in-mann-oil-field/san-win
Unitization is the process of developing an oil or gas field that spans multiple license or international boundaries as a single unit. It ensures optimal resource recovery and maximizes value for the involved parties and states. Historically, the "rule of capture" led to inefficient development as individual operators sought to quickly extract resources. Modern unitization agreements establish initial participation shares and include provisions for later redeterminations based on new technical data. They aim to facilitate cooperative development while equitably allocating costs and production among stakeholders.
The weakness of reservoir simulations is the lack of quantity and quality of the required input; their strength is the ability to vary one parameter at a time. Therefore, reservoir simulations are an appropriate tool to evaluate relative uncertainty but absolute forecasts can be misleading, leading to poor business decisions. As recovery processes increase in complexity, the impact of such decisions may have a major impact on the project viability. A responsible use of reservoir simulations is discussed, addressing both technical users and decision makers. The danger of creating a false confidence in forecasts and the value of simulating complex processes are demonstrated with examples. This is a call for the return of the reservoir engineer who is in control of the simulations and not controlled by them, and the decision maker who appreciates a black & white graph of a forecast with realistic uncertainties over a 3-D hologram in colour.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document provides an introduction and overview of key concepts for understanding petroleum geology and reservoir evaluation, including the exploration and production (E&P) process. It defines important terms like reservoir, seal, and pay and explains the requirements for a viable petroleum or carbon dioxide storage system. The document also summarizes common sources of geological data used in reservoir evaluation like seismic imaging, well logs, cores, and analogs. It describes the E&P stages from permit evaluation through development and outlines how companies evaluate exploration permits based on assessing the probability of successful petroleum systems.
Michael Royle is a Principal Hydrogeologist with over 25 years of experience in mining and hydrogeology projects across multiple continents. He has expertise in mining hydrogeology, mine closure, dewatering, groundwater monitoring, and working in challenging conditions like permafrost. Notable projects include hydrogeological programs for the Wheeler River, Century, Finsch, and Kinsevere mines. Michael has also led many mine closure projects in northern Canada involving the design of groundwater monitoring systems and remediation plans.
Jessop - Example OtterTail Projects_160317Mark Jessop
Mark Jessop worked as a senior project manager for OtterTail Environmental from 2008-2014. He gained experience managing a variety of environmental projects including fisheries and wildlife studies, water quality evaluations, and stream restoration plans. Some of the major projects he worked on included managing aquatic baseline studies for a large-scale gold mine in Alaska, conducting fisheries assessments for oil and gas projects in Colorado and Alaska, and leading a stream habitat mapping project along 33 miles of Crooked Creek in Alaska. Mr. Jessop specialized in database design, GIS data collection and analysis, and generating technical reports.
The primary funding for the Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program is provided by member donations to The SPE Foundation and a contribution from Offshore Europe. The program also receives support from companies that allow their employees to serve as lecturers and from AIME. The January 2020 tour lecture focuses on thriving in a lower oil price environment, including topics such as market dynamics, keys to success, technology impacts, and takeaway points.
This document discusses new techniques for reducing exploration risk in challenging subsurface environments like deep water and beneath salt or basalt. It describes how 3D seismic surveys have improved drilling success rates from 25% to 50% but success is still low in some areas like 10% in deep Gulf of Mexico wells. New methods of acquiring seismic data from multiple azimuths and with vertically aligned sources and receivers are providing higher quality images to further reduce risk by illuminating subsurface targets from more directions. Examples from various basins demonstrate how these improvements in seismic technology decrease the chance of drilling dry holes.
The document discusses methods for estimating parameters used in groundwater resource assessments. It describes several methods for determining specific yield, including pumping tests, the volume dewatering method, and the Ramsahoye-Lang analytical method. It also discusses estimating the rainfall infiltration factor using the water level response analysis method, which correlates groundwater recharge to rainfall amounts. Accurately estimating parameters is important for generating realistic assessments of an area's groundwater resources.
This document summarizes a hydrologic assessment of oil and gas development in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico. It analyzes water rights data, tracked water usage for hydraulic fracturing, and estimated groundwater volumes using subsurface geology data. The largest water rights allocations are for mining, domestic use, and food production, totaling over 80%. Oil and gas accounts for 6.3% (6,674 acre-ft/year). Hydraulic fracturing of vertical wells uses 150,000-207,000 gallons on average, while horizontal wells use over 3 acre-ft. Estimated groundwater volumes in 10 major aquifers above 2,500 feet depth, where water is fresher, total over 4.
This document summarizes an HEC-HMS hydrologic model of the Cherry Creek basin in Colorado, which drains into Cherry Creek Lake. The 22-subbasin model was created using geospatial data and streamflow records. Land use was classified from 1954 to 2004 using maps and aerial photos. The Green-Ampt method was used to simulate rainfall-runoff processes, accounting for soil properties and initial moisture conditions. Key events in 1965, 1973, and 2006 were used to calibrate soil parameters for each subbasin. Storage functions were developed for impoundments and the reservoir based on surveys. The completed model simulates the precipitation-runoff process and outflow to Cherry Creek Lake.
Identifying By-passed Pay and New Reservoirs by Jeff Bayless of NutechDaniel Matranga
The document summarizes an analysis of a Gulf of Mexico reservoir using thin bed well log analysis and 3D geological modeling. Previous models underestimated oil reserves. New analysis using thin bed processing identified additional net pay and increased original oil in place estimates by 40%. The updated model recommends 3 new wells and 2 recompletions to further develop the field based on improved resolution of reservoir properties and connectivity.
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Reservoir engineering involves estimating oil and gas reserves within underground formations. Reservoir engineers determine the volume of hydrocarbons originally in place and the fraction that can be recovered using production methods over time. Estimating reserves requires understanding properties like porosity, which is the proportion of void space within a rock that can contain fluids. Porosity values are measured through lab analysis of core samples and well logs, and can range widely between reservoir types and impact recoverable volumes.
- Quantitative seismic interpretation techniques like amplitude analysis, AVO analysis, and impedance inversion can provide additional information about lithology, porosity, fluid content, and other reservoir properties compared to traditional qualitative seismic interpretation.
- Proper understanding of wavelet phase and polarity is important for accurate quantitative interpretation of seismic amplitudes. Factors like data processing standards, lateral phase shifts, and rock properties must be considered.
- The expected polarity of seismic reflectors depends on the impedance contrast between lithologies like sand and shale, which varies with depth and other factors. Rock physics modeling can help seismic interpreters predict reflector polarity.
Modeling CO2 injection into saline aquifers, Gonzalo Zambrano, University of ...Global CCS Institute
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The document describes seismic interpretation workflows, including conventional and unconventional techniques. Conventional techniques involve horizon interpretations, fault picking, and tying seismic data to well logs to understand subsurface geology. Unconventional techniques analyze seismic attribute variations like amplitudes to identify hydrocarbon indicators. The workflow includes generating synthetics from well logs, interpreting horizons on seismic sections, identifying structures like faults and gas chimneys, and determining direct hydrocarbon indicators.
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2. Seismic attribute analysis including slice attributes and phase shift processing was used to qualitatively identify favorable reservoir sand in the Heidimiao formation.
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Mines vs Mineralisation - McCuaig, Vann & Sykes - Aug 2014 - Centre for Explo...John Sykes
Resources added to the global metal inventory through exploration over the past 15 years have been generally of poor quality (declining grades, recoveries and lack of acceptable financial return). Similarly, companies opting for an acquisitions-based strategy have had to pick from a group of poorer quality resources left from previous exploration booms, and will struggle to deliver this metal to market economically. Increasing difficulty in obtaining sufficient social and community acceptance of mining projects and potentially an energy-constrained future may exacerbate this problem, redefining what is considered ‘ore’. There will need to be more focus on deposit quality,
defined as sustainable margin in the future business environment.
This document discusses using seismic attributes to understand rock and fluid properties to aid in hydrocarbon exploration. It states that seismic attributes need to be calibrated to physical properties from well logs to provide meaningful insight into porosity, saturation and potential hydrocarbons. Broadband seismic data that preserves both low and high frequencies is important for accurate elastic property estimation away from wells. However, seismic data limitations mean attributes may not fully capture subsurface complexity and inherent risks must be considered in any interpretations.
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Sampling for Mineral Resource definition – A pragmatic approach.SAIMM present...Hennie Theart
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This document discusses factors to consider in the exploration and development of shale gas resources, including reservoir quality, fracability, and various exploration methods. It outlines the steps involved in the exploration process from initial nonseismic methods and microseismic monitoring, to acoustic and rock property logging. The document also notes that 2-3 initial wells may be drilled and fractured to determine shale gas presence and extractability, and that careful site selection is important to minimize community and environmental impacts.
Quantitative and Qualitative Seismic Interpretation of Seismic Data Haseeb Ahmed
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Reservoir engineering functions include estimating oil and gas reserves, developing field development plans, and optimizing production operations. Key activities are reserves estimation using volumetric and material balance methods, developing static and dynamic reservoir models for planning, and history matching production data to simulate and predict future performance. Reservoir traps that contain hydrocarbons include structural traps from folding and faulting of rock layers, stratigraphic traps due to permeability changes within layers, and combination traps involving salt dome intrusions.
Effects of shale volume distribution on the elastic properties of reserviors ...DR. RICHMOND IDEOZU
Shale volume (Vsh) estimation has been carried out on three selected reservoirs (Nan.1, Nan.2, and Nan.4) distributed across four wells (01, 03, 06, and 12) in Nantin Field, using petrophysical analysis and reservoir modeling techniques with a view to understanding the reservoir elastic properties. Materials utilized for this research work include: Well Log data (Gamma Ray Log, Resistivity Log, Sonic Log, Density Log, Neutron porosity log), and a 3-D Seismic volume were used for the study. Sand and shale were the prevalent lithologies in Nantin Field. Nan. 1 reservoir was thickest in Nantin well 12 (29.7ft), Nantin 2 reservoir was thickest in Nantin Well 12 (30.9ft) while Nantin 4 reservoir was thickest in Well 3 (72ft). Correlation well panel across the Field showed that Nantin 4 reservoir, was thicker than Nan 1 and Nan 2 Reservoir respectively. Normal and synthetic Faults were also mapped, the trapping system in the field includes anticlines in association with fault closures. The thicknesses and lateral extents of these reservoirs were delineated into three zones (1, 2, and 3) which were modeled appropriately. Petrophysical and some elasticity parameters such as Poisson ratio (PR), Acoustic Impedance (AI), and Reflectivity Coefficient (RC) were evaluated for the wells. The results from elasticity evaluation showed a high Poisson Ratio of 0.40 in Nantin 2 reservoir of Well 12 based on high shale volume distribution of 0.70 indicating high stress level and possible boundary to hydraulic fracture. The lowest Poisson Ratio was evaluated in Nantin reservoir of Well 1 with lowest shale volume of 0.18 which indicates weak zones and may not constrain a fracturing job. Results from Acoustic impedance showed a high AI value of 7994.3 in Nan 2 Reservoir compared to Nan.1 which has the least AI value of 7447.3 because of low shale volume. A higher Reflectivity Coefficient of 0.01 was recorded in Nan.2 reservoir indicating bright spot while a lower RC of -0.00023 was recorded in Nan.4 Reservoir indicating dim spot. Hydrocarbon volume estimate of the three reservoirs showed 163mmstb in Nan.1 reservoir, 169mmstb, in Nantin 2 reservoir and 115mmstb in Nan. 4 Reservoir. The reservoirs encountered were faulted and laterally extensive. Nantin 2 reservoir was more prolific with a STOIIP of 169 mmstb compared to Nan. 1 with a STOIP of 163 mmstb and Nantin.4 with a STOIP of 115 mmstb, because of its good petrophysical values, facies quality and low shale volume distributions.
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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New trends in Earth Sciences- Strategies in Geophysics for hydrocarbon exploration
1. IDEAZ
New Trends in Earth Sciences -
Exploration of Energy Resources
Akhil Prabhakar (Int. Mtech 4th yr GPT)
Swapnil Pal (Int. Mtech 4th yr GT)
Ojaswita Singh (Mtech 1st yr GPT)
IIT Roorkee
2. STRATEGIES IN GEOPHYSICS FOR
ESTIMATION OF CONVENTIONALAND
UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCES.
Why this topic?
With every passing day, energy security and availability is becoming the most
important concern for people. In this day and age, can we imagine a dignified
life and growth without access to energy?
We are fully aware of the facts that…
• Fossil fuels reserves are depleting fast. (Are they?)
• Renewables are intermittent and still expensive.
• Nuclear future seems uncertain.
• Any other breakthrough technologies don’t seem to be on the horizon yet.
Demand for energy Source of energy ?
6. Either let the tourist go to the other
hotel as they do not have that
sophisticated technique to exploit
those immature lemons and thus
become bankrupt
Innovate in their existing
techniques to exploit those
immature lemons and meet the
present demand, thus securing their
jobs and sustaining their business.
The choice made by chef will decide the
future of Hotel A…
7. Analogy between Energy Industry and this “Nimboo Pani” story.
Hotel A
Tourist
General
Population
Oil and Gas
Industry
Geoscientist
Chef
Fresh
lemons
Conventional
hydrocarbon
8. Analogy between Energy Industry and this “Nimboo Pani” story.
Immature
lemons
Unconventional
hydrocarbon
EnergyJuice
Hotel B
Renewable
Energy
9. Innovate in their existing
techniques to exploit those
unconventional hydrocarbons and
meet the present demand, thus
securing our jobs and credibility of
being a geoscientist.
Either let the policy makers go to
the renewable energy as we do not
have that sophisticated technique to
exploit those unconventional
hydrocarbons and thus become
bankrupt
Therefore the choice made by a geoscientist will be
decisive to decide the future of Oil and Gas Industry.
10. PART I
The role of geophysics in petroleum resources estimation
and classification.
— New industry guidance and best practices
Published in “The Leading Edge, November 2012” issue.
12. Key areas where seismic technologies impact “modern”
resource estimation:-
• Faulted Reservoirs
• Prediction of rock and fluid properties.
• Reservoir surveillance
EASY OIL is an OLD STORY… !
13. For faulted reservoirs
Seismic attributes: Used as part of integrated analysis to assess the likelihood of economically
producible reservoir in an undrilled fault block.
Seismic amplitude anomalies may be used to support reservoir and fluid continuity across faulted
reservoir provided that the following conditions are met:
• Within the drilled fault block, well logs, pressure, fluid data and test data demonstrate a strong
tie between the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir and the seismic anomaly.
• Fault throw is less than reservoir thickness over (part of ) the hydrocarbon bearing section
across the fault and the fault is NOT considered to be a major, potentially sealing, fault.
• The seismic flat-spot or the seismic anomaly is spatially continuous and at the same depth
across the fault.
Faulted hydrocarbon-
bearing reservoir
Well logs, pressure, fluid data
Integration of data sets
15. Faulted Reservoirs…
A seismic amplitude anomaly has been calibrated to a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir by well D. The
drilled area is separated by faults from three other fault blocks to be targeted by development wells A,
B, and C.
Type of resources
associated with undrilled
blocks
Hydraulic
communication
across the fault
Integrated
analysis
16. If Complex Geology…??
• Increased level of uncertainty inherent in the data
• Appropriately classify the volumes BASED ON the uncertainty components.
• The levels of risk and uncertainty should be commensurate the quality of the data,
velocity uncertainty, repeatability, and quality of supporting data.
17. Faulted Reservoirs…
Before any seismic attribute analysis, mapping the faults in 3D is a must.
This impacts the likelihood
assessment of economically
producible reservoir in
undrilled fault block, and
hence the resource
classification.
The detailed mapping of the faults PROVIDES evidence
for reservoir continuity across the fault relay-ramp,
18. Fluid Properties
• Seismic technology can be used to predict the rock and pore-fluid properties of the
reservoir and sometimes its pressure regime.
• In PRMS-AG section 3.2.2, the following guidance is given:
“The reservoir properties that 3D seismic can potentially predict under suitable
conditions are porosity, lithology, presence of gas/oil saturation as well as
pressure.”
19. An overview on seismic data quality &
requirements for such an analysis
The oil accumulation is trapped against a fault to the northeast dipping to an oil-
water contact (OWC) to the southwest. The seismic amplitude maps are from a
near-offset (left) and far-offset (right) volume. The oil-water contact appears as an
amplitude increase on the near offsets and an amplitude decrease on the far offsets.
Both run along a structural contour. The seismic amplitude response is consistent
with the trap geometry, the depositional model, and the seismic rock properties
from the well data.
20. • In this example, the key uncertainty for estimation of in-place volumes is the
distribution of net sand thickness. The low, mid, and high net sand maps are the
output of a probabilistic seismic inversion. Each map fits the well data used to
constrain the model. The three net sand maps reflect the uncertainty in the net sand
distribution and can be used to constrain three different “oil-in-place” scenarios in
low, mid and high case static models that can be carried through to reservoir
simulation and are thus key input to the resource volume assessment and
classification.
Fluid Properties…
21. Reservoir Surveillance
• Time-lapse seismology (4D seismic) impacts estimation of resources and reserves
in various ways
• Bypassed oil reserves can be spotted on time-lapse seismic when a compartment
fault block or other discrete component of the trap) is identified by time-lapse
seismic as an isolated pool that previously was believed to be part of the field’s
connected pool or pools.
23. …Updated reservoir estimates
• Time-lapse seismic results revealed an area in the west of the F block without 4D sweep that
differed from what was expected.
• Spectrally boosted 3D seismic evidence for a (newly mapped) normal fault cutting the F
block into two separate blocks.
• The new fault was incorporated in the model update, allowing an improved history match by
adjusting the fault seal properties.
• Now, the initially bypassed volumes block F will have to be reclassified from “developed
reserves” to “contingent resources”.
BUT…
Until further
development activities
mature!
24. …Updated reservoir estimates
• Changes of saturation in the interval swept by the water can noticeably alter the
acoustic/elastic impedance of the reservoir. This impedance change can be
detected by time-lapse seismic comparisons.
• These OWC changes, as derived from time-lapse seismic results, can subsequently
be mapped out laterally and be used to UPDATE the static and dynamic reservoir
models hat underpin the resources and reserves volumes estimate.
25. …Updated reservoir estimates
• Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) (in-situ thermal recovery method) is being used to
develop some 20 billion barrels of bitumen below the surface.
• The acoustic properties of bitumen sands strong response to temperature changes.
a significant velocity decrease through zones in the
reservoir which have been thermally altered by the
SAGD process.
monitoring of the thermal
evolution over time.
26. Uncertainty in seismic predictions
Predictions from 3D seismic data aimed at defining
Inherent Uncertainty
Fluid flow
Rock/Fluid
properties
Trap
geometry
The accuracy of a given seismic
based prediction is dependent on:
1. The quality of the seismic data
(bandwidth, frequency content,
signal-to-noise ratio, acquisition
and processing parameters,
overburden effects, etc.).
2. The uncertainty in the rock
and fluid properties and the
quality of the reservoir model
used to tie subsurface control to the
3D seismic volume.
27. ANSWER lies in
Integration
of data…
• It is important to realize that this
uncertainty assessment will need
to be kept evergreen and needs
to be revisited when new data
become available.
This integrated work
flow is the key to:
•Near future exploration works
in complex geologies.
•Efficient extraction of
hydrocarbons from wells.
• Exploration of
unconventional resources.
28. Unconventional resources
Conventional resources
Conventional resources exist in discrete
petroleum accumulations related to a
localized geological structural feature
and/or stratigraphic condition
(typically with each accumulation
bounded by a down-dip contact with an
aquifer) that is significantly affected by
hydrodynamic influences such as the
buoyancy of petroleum in water.
Unconventional resources
Unconventional resources exist in
hydrocarbon accumulations that are
pervasive throughout a large area and
that are generally not significantly
affected by hydrodynamic influences
(also called “continuous-type deposits”).
29. PART II
Transition from Conventional to Unconventional
Strategies in geophysics for estimation of
unconventional resources.
Published in “The Leading Edge, November 2012” issue.
30. Overview
• The rise of unconventional resource plays to prominence in the oil and gas industry
has presented geophysics with a set of unprecedented challenges, chief among
which is problem of resources and reserve estimation.
Traditional
concern
Unconventional
resource
Reservoir quality
Trap mapping
31. Parameters for reserve estimation
Conventional Petroleum
System
Chance Factors Critical Chance
Source
Charge
Trap
Reservoir
Containment
Unconventional Petroleum
System
32. Important areas which need to be
addressed
The quantification of
“deliverability system” is the
principal area which
geophysical methods must
address.
Reliance on seismic
inversion, attributes such as
curvature and coherence, and
micro-seismic data.
The low porosity of many
unconventional reservoir
demands greater trace to trace
fidelity and low noise in the
geophysical data.
Premium acquisition program
are needed, together with
strict quality assurance
standards.
34. Defining the container
Reservoir estimation begins by
defining the boundaries of the
reservoir unit.
Non-interpretable coal beds
are marked using isopachs and
isochrons from usable
horizons.
Shale gas reservoir can exhibit
subtle reflection character
and may not be map able for
traditional horizon picking. In
such cases, inversion volumes
must be used to define
reservoir boundaries.
It is already known
where the hc’s are!
Additional Geological
constraints are the key!
35. Establish reservoir continuity
Unconventional reservoirs can be surprisingly
heterogeneous.
Oil sands reservoirs often contain channel
system whose fill can now be non-reservoir.
Gas shales can contain non-reservoir facies
that also act as frac barriers.
These volume cannot contribute to estimates
of original gas in place (OGIP) or oil in place
(OOIP), also they can render reservoir zones
inaccessible to drainage.
All these reservoir must be identified and
mapped and their volumes subtracted from the
gross reservoir volume before a development
plan with project economics can be prepared.
Source: The leading edge, the strategies in geophysics for
estimation of unconventional resources.
Subtle nature of features being mapped
makes consistent interpretation difficult!
36. Establish reservoir continuity
The problem arises in connection with
the often low contrast nature of these
features in unconventional reservoirs
and with the subtle character expression
of lithology and mechanical
stratigraphy. Statistical approaches
can be of value.
What are the tools of geophysics
which can be used? Inversion products
such as Poisson’s ratio and young’s
modulus may be needed to characterise
geobodies; coherence volume,
character-based facies classification,
and such proprietary techniques as Ant
tracking are useful, but they require
regional calibration.
Source: The leading edge, the strategies in geophysics for
estimation of unconventional resources.
37. Predict reservoir properties
The resource play geophysics differs the most from conventional-play-geophysics. In
shale gas projects, geophysics is called upon to characterize reservoir properties
before and after the frac program.
The engineers want to know the in-place resource, the fracability, faults to avoid,
variations in principal stress direction, the location and orientation of natural fracture
systems and the location of barriers. After the frac program, the engineers want to know
the SRV, the overlap between fracture patterns, and the location or distribution of
proppant emplacement, all which are critical input for geophysical recovery factor
calculation.
Source: The leading edge, the strategies in geophysics for estimation of
unconventional resources.
Principal stress
directions and
pore pressures
are same…
38. Resource-play unconventional resource geophysics has 2
principal tasks:
Characterise the
state of the
reservoir before
complete
simulation
Evaluate the
modification of
reservoir into a
state that
permits
economic
production.
Resource play
unconventional
resource
geophysics
39. Resource-play unconventional resource geophysics has 2
principal tasks:
To characterize the state of the
reservoir before completion simulation.
• In both shale and tight oil projects,
hydrocarbon recovery is dependent
on the existence and connectivity of
natural fractures. Often the fairway
of interest for the exploitation of such
resources is found by mapping these
natural fracture systems. In addition
to define fracture related producibility
are velocity and amplitude anisotropy
combined with shear wave
birefringence.
To evaluate the modification reservoir
into a state that permits economic
production.
• This requires us to monitor the
stimulated rock, identify bypassed
resource pay, verify the resource
confinement after stimulation, and
predict or forecast the hydrocarbon
delivery success from stimulation-
induced changes in observed
geophysical characteristics. In oil
sands work, SAGD projects require
geophysics to track the growth of
steam chambers with 4D seismic
surveys.
40. Integrate with other data analyses
• This stage in the workflow is critical for unconventional resource geophysics.
• Coherence techniques, curvature, horizontal anisotropy, and edge-detection
algorithms can predict fracture zones, but they must be compared with core and
image-log data from horizontal wells to calibrate them.
• In unconventional plays, the geophysicists at present is perceived more as a
supporting player than in traditional exploration and development, and geophysical
interpretation products and predictions sometimes encounter scepticism.
• The standards for reliability, repeatability, and accuracy are high.
• This should clearly be the future direction of R&D efforts in order for
geophysics to contribute seriously to resource and reserve estimation.
41. Data requirements, processing and analysis standards, and
emerging technologies
3D seismic acquisition, processing, and elastic
inversion
Joint P- and S-wave 3D surveys can offer
advantages
VSP surveys for unconventional reservoirs
Micro seismic data for unconventional resource
estimation
Here, the
ANSWER
lies in…!
42. Innovate in their existing
techniques to exploit those
unconventional hydrocarbons and
meet the present demand, thus
securing our jobs and credibility of
being a geoscientist.
Either let the policy makers go to
the renewable energy as we do not
have that sophisticated technique to
exploit those unconventional
hydrocarbons and thus become
bankrupt
43. “The MORE we get to know, and
the MORE we try to quantify (nature’s complexities),
the MORE we realize,
We know Less!”