The document discusses several topics:
1) The proposed amendment to India's Citizenship Act to absorb religious migrants from Pakistan and Bangladesh is praised, but it is suggested to also extend protections to other persecuted religious groups.
2) India is called to respect the rights of all people on its territory and address reports of mistreatment of some migrants.
3) Most states in the world today are described as "utterly callous" towards citizens like women and minorities, making them illegitimate. An international mechanism is called for to compel fair treatment of citizens.
Internal security and defence of pakistanNabeel Khalid
Internal security involves keeping peace within a country's borders through law enforcement and defense against internal threats such as terrorism, extremism, and sectarianism. A roadmap for Pakistan's internal security includes regularly discussing challenges, strengthening the National Counter Terrorism Authority, improving intelligence coordination, creating counterterrorism forces, and enhancing the roles of police, investigations, the judiciary, and media. Key agencies involved are the Defense and Interior Ministries, along with the military, paramilitary, and intelligence organizations under them.
This document discusses human rights for refugees and provides information about refugee laws and conventions. It begins with an introduction defining what constitutes a refugee under international law. It then discusses the objectives of refugee camps, including providing protection and assistance to refugees. Finally, it concludes that while there are international conventions regarding refugees, the issue still poses many challenges and there is a need for India to establish its own refugee laws to better protect and support refugees within its borders.
And another one for my Political Science class. Better see this if you are an ignorant person who does not know stuff about Independent India's longest conflict.
The document discusses India's relationship with freedom and democracy. It notes that while documents like the Magna Carta and speeches by leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. promoted freedom and equality, realities today are still imperfect. India's record on development and hunger is not strong, and the caste system continues to negatively impact Dalits. While reforms have been introduced, the system persists and upper castes still dominate government, media, and business. True equality and an end to caste-based discrimination have not been achieved.
The document discusses various aspects of terrorism in India, specifically in Jammu and Kashmir. It outlines the history of terrorism in the region, including foreign involvement from Pakistan. Furthermore, it describes the disadvantages of terrorism, such as increased poverty, unemployment, economic impacts, deaths of innocent citizens, and negative effects on tourism.
Internal security and defence of pakistanNabeel Khalid
Internal security involves keeping peace within a country's borders through law enforcement and defense against internal threats such as terrorism, extremism, and sectarianism. A roadmap for Pakistan's internal security includes regularly discussing challenges, strengthening the National Counter Terrorism Authority, improving intelligence coordination, creating counterterrorism forces, and enhancing the roles of police, investigations, the judiciary, and media. Key agencies involved are the Defense and Interior Ministries, along with the military, paramilitary, and intelligence organizations under them.
This document discusses human rights for refugees and provides information about refugee laws and conventions. It begins with an introduction defining what constitutes a refugee under international law. It then discusses the objectives of refugee camps, including providing protection and assistance to refugees. Finally, it concludes that while there are international conventions regarding refugees, the issue still poses many challenges and there is a need for India to establish its own refugee laws to better protect and support refugees within its borders.
And another one for my Political Science class. Better see this if you are an ignorant person who does not know stuff about Independent India's longest conflict.
The document discusses India's relationship with freedom and democracy. It notes that while documents like the Magna Carta and speeches by leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. promoted freedom and equality, realities today are still imperfect. India's record on development and hunger is not strong, and the caste system continues to negatively impact Dalits. While reforms have been introduced, the system persists and upper castes still dominate government, media, and business. True equality and an end to caste-based discrimination have not been achieved.
The document discusses various aspects of terrorism in India, specifically in Jammu and Kashmir. It outlines the history of terrorism in the region, including foreign involvement from Pakistan. Furthermore, it describes the disadvantages of terrorism, such as increased poverty, unemployment, economic impacts, deaths of innocent citizens, and negative effects on tourism.
Nigeria is located in West Africa and is composed of over 250 ethnic groups. It has a diverse population and experienced its first democratic transfer of power in 2007. Nigeria also has a large human rights community that advocates for citizen rights, though activists often face harassment from authorities.
India is an extremely diverse country with no clear sense of national identity. However, a growing urban middle class is fostering a new sense of common aspiration and ambition. This middle class, connected by technology and the market economy, is demanding better governance and holding politicians accountable. While reform is still slow, grassroots pressure from India's urban areas may be the catalyst for meaningful change from the bottom-up.
India is a sovereign democratic republic governed by a constitution adopted in 1950. Key goals were preserving unity while recognizing diversity, and strengthening democracy. The country was divided at independence, with parts becoming Pakistan. States were reorganized along linguistic lines to accommodate diversity. Economic policies initially focused on self-reliance and public sector development under Nehru, but reforms since the 1990s have liberalized and globalized the economy. Infrastructure development remains an ongoing need.
TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN INDIA AND SRILANKAAparna Sharma
The document discusses the cultures, political systems, and trade relations between Sri Lanka and India. It provides details on the main languages, religions, and currencies of each country. Both have a democratic government and free universal education and healthcare. India is Sri Lanka's largest trading partner and source of imports, while Sri Lanka is India's second largest trading partner in South Asia. Major exports from India to Sri Lanka include vehicles, fuels, cotton and fabrics, while Sri Lanka exports spices, rubber products, tea and apparel to India. The trade agreement between the countries has increased trade volume significantly since 2000.
We are a young, dynamic and growing nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside the ugly part of our history, consolidate on the gains of our past in the present and forge ahead for our remarkable future as a nation unto true nationhood. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.
Early Warning Analysis for Human Preparedness and Conflict In KashmirRobert Powell
This document analyzes the socioeconomic, political, and security issues related to the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. It discusses how decolonization divided the region along religious lines and led to rising nationalism. Both states claim sovereignty over Kashmir and have fought multiple wars, while human rights abuses have been committed on both sides. The key actors involved include the governments of India, Pakistan, and Kashmir as well as non-state groups. The dispute continues to impact regional stability and security due to ongoing tensions and cross-border terrorism.
Pakistan is the 5th most populous country with over 210 million people, many of whom are young. It has experienced strong economic growth in recent years. Pakistan faces many internal and external threats to peace and security, including religious extremism and sectarian violence, ethnic clashes, poverty, and tensions with neighboring countries like India and Afghanistan over issues like Kashmir. However, Pakistan has also pursued initiatives to establish peace such as participating in UN peacekeeping missions and attempting to facilitate peace talks in Afghanistan.
Towards national integration in nigeria jumping the hurdlesAlexander Decker
This document discusses national integration in Nigeria. It outlines several policies and programs that Nigerian governments have implemented to promote national integration since independence, such as adopting federalism, creating new states, and establishing the Land Use Decree. However, Nigeria's unity remains threatened by socio-cultural, religious, and political divisions between its many ethnic groups. The document argues that achieving true national integration requires overcoming challenges like ethnicity, corruption, weak institutions, and an ineffective political leadership. It concludes that national integration will only be realized through open dialogue and consensus between Nigeria's diverse ethnicities on the future of their country.
- In early May, about 30 bodies were exhumed from a mass grave in southern Thailand, believed to be victims of human trafficking from Myanmar and Bangladesh.
- Following a crackdown on human trafficking syndicates in Thailand, nearly 3,000 migrants from Myanmar and Bangladesh have been abandoned at sea by smugglers in rickety vessels.
- Regional governments like Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand initially refused to allow the migrants to land, pushing them back out to sea, due to security and economic concerns, though they later agreed to temporarily take in the migrants.
The document summarizes the Indian Reorganization Era from 1928 to 1945, also known as the "Indian New Deal". It discusses the reaction against the 1887 Dawes Act, the 1924 Indian Citizenship Act, and key figures like John Collier. The central policy was the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act, which ended the allotment of tribal lands and encouraged tribal self-government and economic development through corporations. While many tribes accepted the IRA, others rejected it as further intrusion by the federal government. The era also included job programs, educational reforms, and the growth of modern tribal governments and sovereignty.
The document provides information about Nigeria and Honduras. Nigeria is a federal constitutional republic located in West Africa with over 250 ethnic groups and Islam and Christianity as the major religions. Honduras is a central constitutional republic located in Central America with Spanish as the official language and a majority Roman Catholic population. Both countries face challenges such as corruption, inequality, and sectarian conflict.
Andrew Jackson argues that the removal of Native Americans from their eastern lands to areas west of the Mississippi River benefits all parties involved. He claims it will resolve conflicts between state and federal authorities over Native Americans, open large tracts of land for white settlement, and allow removed tribes to live separately from white communities under their own laws and customs. While acknowledging it will be difficult for tribes to leave ancestral lands, Jackson compares it to the migrations of white Americans and their European ancestors, saying relocation on generous government terms is a humane alternative to assimilation or conflict with expanding white societies.
The document discusses the political system and role of religion in Pakistan. It provides background on Pakistan's history and establishment as an Islamic nation. Islam is deeply ingrained in Pakistan's identity, with 97% of the population identifying as Muslim. The constitution established Pakistan as an Islamic republic and requires laws to be aligned with Islamic principles. However, the role of Islam remains controversial, as an overemphasis on religious ideology has weakened national unity. Military rule also exacerbated religious fundamentalism, complicating Pakistan's ability to function as a modern state.
We provide Nigeria News and Breaking New in Nigeria including politics, business, sports, events, Health, Education and more. Visit us today for the latest.
Visit the following link to know about Nigerian Products and Services,Nigerian Politics,Nigeria Health News, Nigeria Events, Nigeria Entertainment, Nigeria Education News, Nigeria Business News, Nigeria Breaking, Latest Nigeria, Current News in Nigeria, Nigeria Today etc..: https://elevatenews.com/
Unity as African pathway to Greatness; A vision and possibility.Samtito Bolatito
The document discusses the importance of African unity and analyzes obstacles that have prevented its achievement. It outlines the vision of early pan-African leaders for a united Africa but notes their dreams were betrayed by loose organization under OAU and dictatorships that emerged. Continued division and dependence have threatened Africa's greatness. The document proposes prospects like overcoming colonial borders, neo-colonialism, and promoting intra-African cooperation and infrastructure to unite the continent.
This document provides an overview of the geopolitical significance of Kashmir for India-Pakistan relations from partition in 1947 to the present. It discusses how Kashmir became divided and disputed between India and Pakistan after independence, leading to multiple wars and ongoing tensions over its status. The root cause of instability between the two countries revolves around Kashmir, which both see as strategically important due to its location bordering Central Asia and China. The document analyzes Kashmir's political status before partition and the events surrounding its division after 1947 that set the stage for ongoing conflict over its control and sovereignty.
This document provides a brief history of the Congo, beginning with pre-colonial tribes and communities in the Congo basin from 500 BCE to 600 CE. It then discusses the Congo Free State under King Leopold II of Belgium from 1885 to 1908, noting the human rights abuses and pressure from outside observers that led to reforms. Finally, it covers the Rwandan genocide of 1994 and its impact on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including the formation of Hutu and Tutsi refugee camps in the DRC that exacerbated conflict.
Here are 3 key sources that provide background information on Tunisia:
1. The Middle East (Text) - Provides an in-depth country profile of Tunisia covering history, politics, economy, foreign relations and more.
2. "Twenty Years of Change: Tunisia's Journey of Progress Continues" - Discusses Tunisia's political and economic development over 20 years leading up to 2008.
3. "Tunisia Country Report" from Economist Intelligence Unit - A comprehensive report analyzing Tunisia's political and economic situation, including forecasts.
The document discusses issues related to Dalits, minorities, and secularism in India. It notes that while India's constitution treats citizens well, problems still remain. The condition of Dalits, tribals, women, and minorities is still pitiable. A CPI-M letter notes the condition of Dalits has worsened, and laws meant to protect them are not fully implemented. The document also discusses concerns about religious freedom for minorities in India raised in a USCIRF report, and calls for the government to adhere to principles of secularism and equal treatment of all faiths.
DROP OF LIFE
A delayed monsoon leads to a water crisis. With availability of this precious resource for agriculture and domestic use dwindling fast, India’s water woes became the focus of the Prime Minister’s national broadcast. A special report on how states and cities are coping with the crisis
Nigeria is located in West Africa and is composed of over 250 ethnic groups. It has a diverse population and experienced its first democratic transfer of power in 2007. Nigeria also has a large human rights community that advocates for citizen rights, though activists often face harassment from authorities.
India is an extremely diverse country with no clear sense of national identity. However, a growing urban middle class is fostering a new sense of common aspiration and ambition. This middle class, connected by technology and the market economy, is demanding better governance and holding politicians accountable. While reform is still slow, grassroots pressure from India's urban areas may be the catalyst for meaningful change from the bottom-up.
India is a sovereign democratic republic governed by a constitution adopted in 1950. Key goals were preserving unity while recognizing diversity, and strengthening democracy. The country was divided at independence, with parts becoming Pakistan. States were reorganized along linguistic lines to accommodate diversity. Economic policies initially focused on self-reliance and public sector development under Nehru, but reforms since the 1990s have liberalized and globalized the economy. Infrastructure development remains an ongoing need.
TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN INDIA AND SRILANKAAparna Sharma
The document discusses the cultures, political systems, and trade relations between Sri Lanka and India. It provides details on the main languages, religions, and currencies of each country. Both have a democratic government and free universal education and healthcare. India is Sri Lanka's largest trading partner and source of imports, while Sri Lanka is India's second largest trading partner in South Asia. Major exports from India to Sri Lanka include vehicles, fuels, cotton and fabrics, while Sri Lanka exports spices, rubber products, tea and apparel to India. The trade agreement between the countries has increased trade volume significantly since 2000.
We are a young, dynamic and growing nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside the ugly part of our history, consolidate on the gains of our past in the present and forge ahead for our remarkable future as a nation unto true nationhood. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.
Early Warning Analysis for Human Preparedness and Conflict In KashmirRobert Powell
This document analyzes the socioeconomic, political, and security issues related to the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. It discusses how decolonization divided the region along religious lines and led to rising nationalism. Both states claim sovereignty over Kashmir and have fought multiple wars, while human rights abuses have been committed on both sides. The key actors involved include the governments of India, Pakistan, and Kashmir as well as non-state groups. The dispute continues to impact regional stability and security due to ongoing tensions and cross-border terrorism.
Pakistan is the 5th most populous country with over 210 million people, many of whom are young. It has experienced strong economic growth in recent years. Pakistan faces many internal and external threats to peace and security, including religious extremism and sectarian violence, ethnic clashes, poverty, and tensions with neighboring countries like India and Afghanistan over issues like Kashmir. However, Pakistan has also pursued initiatives to establish peace such as participating in UN peacekeeping missions and attempting to facilitate peace talks in Afghanistan.
Towards national integration in nigeria jumping the hurdlesAlexander Decker
This document discusses national integration in Nigeria. It outlines several policies and programs that Nigerian governments have implemented to promote national integration since independence, such as adopting federalism, creating new states, and establishing the Land Use Decree. However, Nigeria's unity remains threatened by socio-cultural, religious, and political divisions between its many ethnic groups. The document argues that achieving true national integration requires overcoming challenges like ethnicity, corruption, weak institutions, and an ineffective political leadership. It concludes that national integration will only be realized through open dialogue and consensus between Nigeria's diverse ethnicities on the future of their country.
- In early May, about 30 bodies were exhumed from a mass grave in southern Thailand, believed to be victims of human trafficking from Myanmar and Bangladesh.
- Following a crackdown on human trafficking syndicates in Thailand, nearly 3,000 migrants from Myanmar and Bangladesh have been abandoned at sea by smugglers in rickety vessels.
- Regional governments like Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand initially refused to allow the migrants to land, pushing them back out to sea, due to security and economic concerns, though they later agreed to temporarily take in the migrants.
The document summarizes the Indian Reorganization Era from 1928 to 1945, also known as the "Indian New Deal". It discusses the reaction against the 1887 Dawes Act, the 1924 Indian Citizenship Act, and key figures like John Collier. The central policy was the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act, which ended the allotment of tribal lands and encouraged tribal self-government and economic development through corporations. While many tribes accepted the IRA, others rejected it as further intrusion by the federal government. The era also included job programs, educational reforms, and the growth of modern tribal governments and sovereignty.
The document provides information about Nigeria and Honduras. Nigeria is a federal constitutional republic located in West Africa with over 250 ethnic groups and Islam and Christianity as the major religions. Honduras is a central constitutional republic located in Central America with Spanish as the official language and a majority Roman Catholic population. Both countries face challenges such as corruption, inequality, and sectarian conflict.
Andrew Jackson argues that the removal of Native Americans from their eastern lands to areas west of the Mississippi River benefits all parties involved. He claims it will resolve conflicts between state and federal authorities over Native Americans, open large tracts of land for white settlement, and allow removed tribes to live separately from white communities under their own laws and customs. While acknowledging it will be difficult for tribes to leave ancestral lands, Jackson compares it to the migrations of white Americans and their European ancestors, saying relocation on generous government terms is a humane alternative to assimilation or conflict with expanding white societies.
The document discusses the political system and role of religion in Pakistan. It provides background on Pakistan's history and establishment as an Islamic nation. Islam is deeply ingrained in Pakistan's identity, with 97% of the population identifying as Muslim. The constitution established Pakistan as an Islamic republic and requires laws to be aligned with Islamic principles. However, the role of Islam remains controversial, as an overemphasis on religious ideology has weakened national unity. Military rule also exacerbated religious fundamentalism, complicating Pakistan's ability to function as a modern state.
We provide Nigeria News and Breaking New in Nigeria including politics, business, sports, events, Health, Education and more. Visit us today for the latest.
Visit the following link to know about Nigerian Products and Services,Nigerian Politics,Nigeria Health News, Nigeria Events, Nigeria Entertainment, Nigeria Education News, Nigeria Business News, Nigeria Breaking, Latest Nigeria, Current News in Nigeria, Nigeria Today etc..: https://elevatenews.com/
Unity as African pathway to Greatness; A vision and possibility.Samtito Bolatito
The document discusses the importance of African unity and analyzes obstacles that have prevented its achievement. It outlines the vision of early pan-African leaders for a united Africa but notes their dreams were betrayed by loose organization under OAU and dictatorships that emerged. Continued division and dependence have threatened Africa's greatness. The document proposes prospects like overcoming colonial borders, neo-colonialism, and promoting intra-African cooperation and infrastructure to unite the continent.
This document provides an overview of the geopolitical significance of Kashmir for India-Pakistan relations from partition in 1947 to the present. It discusses how Kashmir became divided and disputed between India and Pakistan after independence, leading to multiple wars and ongoing tensions over its status. The root cause of instability between the two countries revolves around Kashmir, which both see as strategically important due to its location bordering Central Asia and China. The document analyzes Kashmir's political status before partition and the events surrounding its division after 1947 that set the stage for ongoing conflict over its control and sovereignty.
This document provides a brief history of the Congo, beginning with pre-colonial tribes and communities in the Congo basin from 500 BCE to 600 CE. It then discusses the Congo Free State under King Leopold II of Belgium from 1885 to 1908, noting the human rights abuses and pressure from outside observers that led to reforms. Finally, it covers the Rwandan genocide of 1994 and its impact on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including the formation of Hutu and Tutsi refugee camps in the DRC that exacerbated conflict.
Here are 3 key sources that provide background information on Tunisia:
1. The Middle East (Text) - Provides an in-depth country profile of Tunisia covering history, politics, economy, foreign relations and more.
2. "Twenty Years of Change: Tunisia's Journey of Progress Continues" - Discusses Tunisia's political and economic development over 20 years leading up to 2008.
3. "Tunisia Country Report" from Economist Intelligence Unit - A comprehensive report analyzing Tunisia's political and economic situation, including forecasts.
The document discusses issues related to Dalits, minorities, and secularism in India. It notes that while India's constitution treats citizens well, problems still remain. The condition of Dalits, tribals, women, and minorities is still pitiable. A CPI-M letter notes the condition of Dalits has worsened, and laws meant to protect them are not fully implemented. The document also discusses concerns about religious freedom for minorities in India raised in a USCIRF report, and calls for the government to adhere to principles of secularism and equal treatment of all faiths.
DROP OF LIFE
A delayed monsoon leads to a water crisis. With availability of this precious resource for agriculture and domestic use dwindling fast, India’s water woes became the focus of the Prime Minister’s national broadcast. A special report on how states and cities are coping with the crisis
The document discusses several issues related to women's rights and gender discrimination in India. It notes that while the Indian constitution guarantees equality, in practice there remains a large gulf in gender justice. Successive governments have done little to improve the situation. India ranks poorly on gender equality indices and crimes against women such as rape are still common. While some laws have been strengthened after recent reforms, women remain reluctant to report crimes due to security, social and other barriers. The document argues that more needs to be done to protect women's rights and remove barriers to justice in India.
Whether it’s the rich western world of Europe and America where millions of refugees have landed in hope of asylum, or the South-East Asian countries like Malaysia, and Bangladesh, where thousands of Rohingya Muslims have entered from Buddhist Myanmar, the world is witnessing a refugee crisis far intense than ever before.
Although India has decided to deport nearly 40,000 Rohingyas, who illegally entered India from Myanmar and Bangladesh borders, but on the other hand, India is home to nearly 3 lakh refugees from 30 odd countries.
Apart from refugees from neighbouring countries like Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Pakistan and Bangladesh, India also houses refugees from rich western countries like the US, UK, France, Germany and Australia.
According to the latest available data which was presented by Minister Of State for Home Affairs Kiren Rijiju in March 2016, a total of 2,89,394 refugees living in India (as on 31/12/2014) from 28 different countries which also included stateless people. This the number of refugees living in India legally and doesn’t include the numbers of Rohingyas and Bangladeshi migrants living illegally in India.
This PPT shows the situation of Refugees in India
IRJET- India’s Refugee Policy: An Analytical StudyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research article about India's refugee policy. It discusses how India has historically taken a humanitarian approach to refugees, balancing national security with providing asylum, though it lacks dedicated refugee laws. While not a signatory to international refugee treaties, India's constitution protects individual refugees. The article analyzes different refugee groups in India, such as those from Tibet, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, and argues that India should develop formal refugee laws that incorporate international legal standards while still allowing flexibility for security concerns.
This document discusses minority rights issues in Bangladesh. It notes that while Bangladesh's constitution incorporates democratic values like equality and human rights, these are not always upheld in practice. Minority religious and ethnic groups face issues like land grabbing, repression, lack of legal protections, and increasing rates of religious conversion. Over 150 incidents of repression against minorities were reported in six months. While the government and NGOs work to improve the situation, permanent solutions remain elusive, and many minorities feel compelled to leave their religion or country to escape persecution.
Current Affairs 22 August English By RaceIAS.pdfraceias1
The Civil Services examination & Forest services examination both are conducted by Union Public Services Commission, which conducts the Preliminary examination every year. This examination is the first & foremost hurdle of UPSC CSE Exam.
The document discusses Nelson Mandela and apartheid in South Africa. It explains that Nelson Mandela was jailed for 28 years for opposing apartheid, which was a system of racial segregation and discrimination against non-whites. After his release in 1994, Mandela became the first president of the newly democratic South Africa in the country's first free elections, bringing an end to apartheid. The document also outlines the key features of apartheid, including separate public facilities and lack of rights for non-whites.
The document discusses Kashmir, a disputed region located in northern India. It provides background information on Kashmir's geography, demographics, and history of conflict between India and Pakistan over control of the region. Approximately 12 million people live in Kashmir, with Muslims making up around 70% of the population. In recent years, Kashmir has faced an ongoing security lockdown imposed by the Indian government. This has restricted freedoms of movement, communication, and education for Kashmiri people.
Report on minority cleansing in BangladeshJhuma Halder
The document reports on human rights violations against religious minorities in Bangladesh. It discusses definitions of key terms like religious minority, ethnic cleansing, and human rights violations. It outlines the obligations of states to protect religious freedoms and prevent discrimination according to international laws and treaties. It then analyzes the situation in Bangladesh, finding widespread discrimination and violations against Hindus, including demolition of religious sites, massacres, rape, kidnapping, forced conversion, and displacement from lands. The plight of Hindus is attributed to violations of religious and social values as well as political and economic marginalization of religious minorities in Bangladeshi society.
Sri Aurobindo was a leader of the Indian independence movement and spiritual philosopher. He first demanded complete independence for India, was considered the "most dangerous man of India" by the British, and his doctrine of passive resistance helped launch the freedom movement. His writings on spirituality, yoga, and human evolution provide guidance for developing spiritual nationalism and understanding Sanatana Dharma as the basis for Indian nationalism. The document discusses Sri Aurobindo's views and their relevance to concepts like the nation, spirituality, secularism, and assimilation in the context of India's history and constitution. It argues that spiritual principles and potentialities should not be diminished in India's secular framework and that historical processes of assimilation should be
AMUL GOES TO WAR
The company recently went to court against five
manufacturers using its name to sell products
ranging from biscuits to underwear. The instant
recognition the brand evokes makes it a prime
target for imitators.
What does it take to be liberal in IndiaRahul Bangia
The document discusses the meaning of liberalism in India by examining its history, constitution, and current status on various issues compared to other developed nations. It addresses India's economic liberalization over time, restrictions on cultural and individual freedoms like parental control, pornography, and LGBTQ+ rights. While India is less liberal than some Western nations, the essay acknowledges that each society progresses at its own pace, and Indian law must balance individual liberties with broader public interests as liberalization occurs gradually over time.
As the Congress goes on the warpath in defense of its First Family in the National Herald controversy, legislation
comes to a full stop and much more...
PPT on compassionate and inclusive constitution the reality in contemporary i...Muhammedukkasha
Finding the inclusive and compassionate provisions included in the constitution of India, this presentation describes briefly the contemporary challenges faced by the constitution of India. It also discusses with regard to special compassionate provisions provided by the constitution.
Further, it includes the meaning and concept of compassion and inclusiveness. Moreover, it suggests measures be taken to circumvent those challenges against the constitution of India.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND ITS CLASSIFICATION 8-3-23.pdfYuvaraj880160
The document discusses the fundamental rights and duties enshrined in the Indian constitution. It begins by outlining the six fundamental rights - right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and right to constitutional remedies. It then discusses the fundamental duties added to the constitution via the 42nd amendment, including duties to abide the constitution, promote harmony and protect the environment. The document concludes by noting that rights and duties are interrelated and fundamental duties are moral responsibilities to uphold rights and unity in India.
The document discusses the concept and evolution of human rights. It defines key characteristics of human rights such as being universal, inherent to human dignity, and independent of legal systems. It traces the origins and development of human rights from natural law philosophies to religious doctrines to documents like the Magna Carta and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The document also outlines the six fundamental rights guaranteed by the Indian constitution - right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, freedom of religion, cultural/education rights, and right to constitutional remedies.
This document provides a historical overview of key events in India from the early 20th century through the establishment of an independent republic in 1950. It discusses the nonviolent independence movement led by Gandhi and the Congress Party, the partition that created India and Pakistan, and the integration of princely states into the new republic under Sardar Patel. It also covers the conflict and plebiscite over the status of Kashmir.
The document discusses how Indian political leaders have failed to uphold the ideals of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the principal architect of India's constitution. While paying lip service to Ambedkar and his fight against caste hierarchy, most leaders have done little to dismantle casteism. Indian democracy has also failed to ensure multifaceted development and equal opportunities for all citizens, as Ambedkar envisioned. Poverty, illiteracy and threats to security continue to plague the lives of many. The emergence of communal, casteist and corrupt forces in politics has undermined Ambedkar's vision for an egalitarian India.
The document summarizes the ongoing challenges facing India's democracy as outlined by the author Jagdish N Singh. It notes that while India has seen economic growth, the majority of the population, especially marginalized groups, have not benefited and continue to suffer from issues like poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition and discrimination. The document criticizes the political leadership for failing to address these contradictions as envisioned by the architects of the Indian constitution like Ambedkar. It argues that the dominance of unworthy political elements and decline of democratic institutions have weakened the republic. The document calls for reforms to make democracy more meaningful and relevant for ordinary citizens.
This document discusses Maulana Yahya Nomani's views on jihad and the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslim states. Nomani argues that in the modern world, proxy wars and communal conflicts in the name of jihad are not permissible if the non-Muslim state allows Muslims to practice and propagate Islam freely. Muslims living in non-Muslim states have a duty to peacefully invite others to Islam using reasoned arguments rather than violence. Nomani believes this view is more in line with the spirit of shariah and God's revelation compared to interpretations used to justify terrorism. The document recommends spreading Nomani's ideas to counter political actors who distort Islamic teachings for their own gain.
This document lists over 200 articles written by Jagdish N Singh published in the National Herald and other newspapers between 1995-2008. The articles cover topics related to international terrorism, foreign policy, geopolitics, and defense issues pertaining to countries like the US, China, Russia, and India. They also include analyses of international organizations like the UN and trends in world affairs.
This document discusses Maulana Yahya Nomani's views on jihad and the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslim states. Nomani argues that in the modern world, proxy wars and communal conflicts cannot be justified in the name of jihad against non-Muslim states that allow Muslims to freely practice and propagate their faith. Muslims living in non-Muslim states have a duty to peacefully invite others to Islam using reasoned arguments rather than violence. Nomani believes this view is more aligned with the spirit of shariah and God's revelation compared to misinterpretations used to justify terrorism. The document recommends spreading Nomani's ideas to counter political actors who distort Islamic teachings for their own gain
The document summarizes a book that examines the relationship between the US and Israel and debunks myths about their alliance. It argues that US support for Israel is based on shared values and interests between the societies, not on the influence of Jewish lobbies. While governments act based on national interests, broader public and congressional support in the US is guided by beliefs that Israel's existence fulfills biblical prophecy. The book is presented as providing useful context for policymakers in the US, Israel, and other nations like India on developing cooperative relationships.
The document discusses the spread of the extremist Wahhabi ideology by regimes in Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states. It argues that this ideology contradicts the true spirit of Islam, which promotes liberalism, equality, justice, and respect for all religions. It criticizes Western leaders for supporting these regimes and failing to curb the propagation of Wahhabism, which spreads hatred against non-Muslims and non-Wahhabi Muslims. The document calls on Western nations to instead support progressive Islamic voices that promote peace, pluralism and human rights.
The document discusses the oppression of minorities in Pakistan. It notes that since Pakistan's inception, successive regimes have violated the rights of minorities as enshrined in international standards. Minorities like Hindus, Christians, Ahmadis and Shias have faced discrimination, violence and forced conversions. The root cause is a lack of enlightened leadership and the influence of extremist Islamic groups on politicians seeking power. However, liberal forces now have an opportunity in the upcoming elections to promote progressive values of democracy, pluralism and human rights by appealing to Pakistan's original syncretic traditions and sidelining corrupt political elements.
This document analyzes the ambivalent policies of Russia, China, and India towards Iran's nuclear program. While generally supporting UN resolutions against Iran's nuclear ambitions, these countries oppose harsh sanctions. Their ambivalence stems from both converging and diverging interests with Iran. Russia and China benefit economically from arms sales and oil imports from Iran. India also relies on Iranian oil and seeks to strengthen economic and strategic ties. However, these countries also want to avoid angering Western powers or destabilizing the Middle East.
1. T
he National Democratic
Alliance Government led
by Prime Minister
Narendra Modi deserves
applause for having
proposed an amendment
to India's Citizenship Act in order to
absorb herein migrants who have
come to India fleeing religious
persecution in Pakistan and
Bangladesh. Hopefully, New Delhi
would extend this grace not only to
Hindus but also Buddhists,
Christians, Zoroastrians,
Bahai’s, Sikhs, Jains and
non-Wahhabi-Deobandi
Muslims--Ahmadis Shias,
Mohajirs – who all face
such persecution in the
neighboring nations.
I would suggest New
Delhi may take appropriate
care also of other kinds of
migrants and refugees
living in India . It is not a
signatory to the 1951 UN
Refugee Convention.
Under that Convention
New Delhi would have
been obliged not to send any
refugees back home against their
will if they feared threat to their life
or freedom.
India is a signatory to the
Universal Declaration of Human
Rights. Under this Declaration,
“everyone has the right to seek and
to enjoy in other countries asylum
from persecution.” New Delhi has
to respect the rights and freedoms
of all people living in its territory.
Like it or not, India, has not done
very well on this front. There have
been reports from time to time on
various kinds of maltreatment
meted out to certain migrants
across the country. ( http:// www.
independent. co.uk/ news/world/
asia/racism-in-india-blamed-for-
unrest-in-the-streets-as-african-
migrants-claim-they-are-victims-of-
discrimination-9085426. html
[independent.co.uk] ). Appropriate
steps have to be taken to address
such aberrations at the earliest in
our Republic.
Pertinently, all civilized states
would have to address the problems
of minorities or refugees living in
their territories. Ask Palestinians in
the Arab world ; non-Wahabbis in
Saudi Arabia; Shias and Kurds in
Turkey ; Azeris, Kurds, Balouch,
Ahwazi Arabs, Lurs, the Jews, the
Baha’is and Zoroastrians in Iran;
Christians in Iraq, Indonesia, the
Gaza Strip, Egypt, Sudan and
Nigeria; the Yezidis in northern Iraq;
Kurds, Christians( including
Assyrians, Melkites , Maronites ,
Druze) and Armenians in Syria; the
Berber/Amazigh peoples in
Morocco and Algeria; Tamils in Sri
Lanka; Catholics in Northern
Ireland; Basques in Spain;
Corsicans in France; Muslims in the
Philippines ; Albanians in
Macedonia or Yugoslavia ; Abkhazis
in Georgia; black Africans in
Mauritania ; and so on. They all
have more or less the same story of
the ordeals they face
in their respective
lands .
No nation,
h o w s o e v e r
e c o n o m i c a l l y
advanced it may be, in
the world today can
afford to
accommodate all
such victims . The
problem has to be
addressed at its root
itself . The evil rests in
the nature of most of
the states (ruling elites
) in the world today.
They are utterly callous towards
their citizens -- women and
minorities in particular . Such states
are absolutely illegitimate by any
definition acceptable to any civilized
segments of the world community
in modern times .
The existing scenario demands
an effective international
mechanism to stop any state in the
world from being unfair to any
select segments of citizens . The
mechanism may make it mandatory
for all states to civilize themselves
States unfair to citizens
Most of the states in the world today are utterly callous towards their citizens.
They are absolutely illegitimate by any reasonable definition of the state in
modern times, asserts Jagdish N Singh
September 2015 Power Politics 29
REALPOLITIK
Refugees from Pakistan
2. political elites and their allies,
mercantile or intellectual , alone
and compelled their citizens to
migrate to other nations for the
sake of their political or economic
existence . There is no dearth of
rulers around who themselves
wallow in the cesspool of luxuries
while their citizens are sweating
blood abroad .
Sorry, I cannot brag about my
own India’s rulers on this front. Too
much has already been written
about the predicament of the have-
nots, including women, dalits,
tribals, minorities and conscientious
Power Politics September 201530
REALPOLITIK
Defence self-reliance
I wonder how parochial those who
speak ill of Muslims in India are. In
medieval times rulers like Razia Sultan
and Akbar the Great contributed a lot
to our nation. In modern times we
have had statesmen like Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad and warriors like Brigadier
Mohammad Usman . The other day
we lost yet another legendary figure
from this community -- our eminent
Scientist -President A P J Abdul Kalam.
President Kalam was a king of
millions of hearts in India. Glowing
tributes were paid to him across the
entire national spectrum. We all know
one of his dreams was to make India
self-reliant in the field of defence. The
best tribute to him would be to move
forward in this direction. Presently,
there are so many international
regimes restricting our access to
technology for credible deterrence.
They include : the Nuclear Suppliers’
Group, the Australia Group (chemical
and biological warfare), the Missile
Technology Control Regime, the
Wassenaar Arrangement on exports of
conventional arms and duel use goods
and technologies.
Self- reliance is the best answer to
all such regimes. It is heartening to
learn that the task force set up by the
Ministry of Defence to review our
defence acquisition system has
recently submitted its report. The
panel has recommended that defence
procurement be handled by the
military and the bureaucrats stay out
of the whole picture. I hope the Modi
government is taking it seriously.
and treat all their citizens and
inhabitants fairly in order to claim
any legitimacy in the contemporary
international system.
The behavior of most of the Arab
states, in particular, deserves to be
rectified urgently. They are all
united---- constitutionally and
operationally both --- in their
hatred against women and
minorities .They have little respect
for pluralist values.
Also, there should be some
mechanism to see to it that no state
adopted such policies and
programmes as benefited the
individuals , in India today.
Our political elites have done
little to end the ills of ethnic
polarization, rights violations,
groups marginalization and denial
of development fruits to the
masses. They are often too
obsessed with their own economic
and social status .
Architect of independent India
and our first Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru had once dubbed
the Indian bureaucracy as ‘caste.’ I
wonder how he would have
categorized our politicians today if
he were alive !
A P J Abdul Kalam
Judiciary in bad shape
There is something terribly wrong
with our judiciary today. Millions of
cases have been pending in our courts.
Life is short. Justice delayed is justice
denied.
The system is biased in
favour of the privileged . Most
often, the rich can easily manage
bail while the poor have to languish
in jail . None still seems to realize
it hurts a poor person more if
he or she has to spend even an hour
in jail.
Various reports show our taxpayers
have to pay a lot more to keep alleged
criminals and a far less on their
victims. Eminent lawyer Prashant
Bhushan has recently said 17 people
have evaded tax worth
two lakh crore rupees. I wonder
who protects them and if the
elements behind such tax evadersHandcuffing the ordinary
3. Uncertain future
Will the agreement of August 3,
2015 the Centre has reached with the
Isak and Muivah-led National Socialist
Council of Nagaland (NSCN) click ?
Knowledgeable sources say the
future of the pact is uncertain. It is just
a ‘framework agreement’ for a final
solution . The status of this agreement
is high. The Ministry of Home Affairs
did not play any major role herein .
The Prime Minister himself directly
supervised the talks in the matter.
After the signing of the agreement
Prime Minister Modi talked about
restoring the ‘pride and prestige’ of the
Naga people. The
NSCN(I-M) agreed to shun violence
and resolve all issues peacefully.
Muivah talked about taking all Nagas
into confidence for India’s needs.
It is to be seen if and to what extent
the agreement works . The NSCN was
formed by Isak Chishi Swu, T. Muivah,
S.S. Khaplang and others. The NSCN-K
faction is still out of the deal. Besides,
Nagaland’s adjoining states are totally
opposed to its idea
of Greater Nagaland. Also, there is
little consensus across the Indian
political spectrum on
the issue.
Maintaining peace
On the occasion of our 69th
Independence Day last month the
Indian Army hosted the Chinese
People's Liberation Army to a
special Border Personnel Meeting at
Chushul in Eastern Ladakh. The
Chinese delegation was led by
Senior Colonel Liu Geping. The
celebration showcased the Indian
culture and traditions wherein apart
from traditional dances and songs,
an old form of martial art called
‘Gatka’ was performed by the
troops. The day marked a
momentous occasion in India-China
relations as the new Border
Personal Meeting Point on the
Indian Side was operationalised in
line with the Border Defence
Cooperation Agreement ( October
2013) . This will be the Northern-
most meeting point between armies
of both countries on the Line of
Actual Control near Daulat Beg Oldie
(DBO) on the Indian side.
Earlier, on the occasion of the
People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Day
there was a ceremonial Border
Personnel Meeting (BPM) at Chinese
BPM Hut in Moldo Garrison in
Chushul Sector of Eastern Ladakh.
The PLA hosted an Indian
Army delegation for the first time
REALPOLITIK
September 2015 Power Politics 31
can ever be brought to book .
It would perhaps be too much to
expect anything concrete from the
prevailing judicial system. Like many
other institutions of our Republic, it
seems to be failing. Even the Supreme
Court of India is not in the shape it
ought to have been. The Government
thinks the collegiums system for
appointing its judges was not good . It
has come forward with a new National
Judicial Commission ,through a
constitutional amendment, to make
such appointments.
In the collegiums system of
appointment three most senior judges
played a crucial role . Now it is to be
done by a six member team—
consisting of the Chief Justice of India,
two most senior Judges, the Law
Minister and two eminent persons.
The eminent persons are to
nominated by the CJI, the Prime
Minister and the Leader of the
Opposition in the Lok Sabha . The
Supreme Court is not inclined to it and
is hearing the related case before it.
in the area of Daulat Beg Oldie.
Such measures must go on. They
are likely to boost the two nations’
commitment towards maintaining
peace along the LAC. Like all other
major world capitals , New Delhi
must make the best use of the area
of its own interest convergence with
Beijing. There is no point seeing
relations among nations in black
and white terms. There are so many
shades of grey. This all depends on
the given context.
A near consensus across the
Indian strategic community goes
that there is a web of inter-
relationships among nations today.
None can escape it. China is a
rational, credible
partner today. Sino-Indian relations
are on firm footing . There are
elements of cooperation and
4. Is Tehran serious about the
nuclear deal it has recently signed
with P5 plus one powers ? It does
not appear to be .
Reports are that Tehran is not
inclined to granting access to its
scientists and military officials. The
United Nations International Atomic
Energy Agency cannot conduct
essential interviews to resolve the
outstanding questions over Iran’s
past work on weaponization. The
final deal of July 14 in Vienna
requires the IAEA to provide an
assessment over the possible
military dimensions (PMDs) of Iran’s
nuclear program by December 15.
Besides, Major General Qassem
Suleimani, who heads the Islamic
Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)-
Quds Force, visited Moscow the
other day despite being under a
travel ban and United Nations
Security Council sanctions that
REALPOLITIK
Power Politics September 201532
Lack of sincerity
prohibit him from leaving Iran.
Suleimani met Russian President
Vladimir Putin and Defense Minister
Sergei Shoigu.
It is alleged that during the war in
Iraq, Suleimani was responsible for
the deaths of hundreds of
Americans. Outgoing U.S. Army
Chief of Staff Ray Odierno said once
: "Qassem Soleimani is the one who
has been exporting malign activities
throughout the Middle East for
some time now. He's absolutely
responsible for killing many
Americans. In fact I would say the
last two years I was there the
majority of our casualties came
from his surrogates, not Sunni or Al
Qaeda."
Michael Barbero, a retired U.S.
Army lieutenant general, who
served three years in Iraq, said, “For
a deal that is putatively focused on
just Iran’s nuclear programme, this
empowerment of Iran’s terrorist in
chief is inexplicable.”
Suleimani has allegedly been
behind training and supporting the
forces of Bashar al-Assad in Syria
and the Houthis in Yemen, as well as
leading Shiite militias in Iraq.
Suleimani was also designated for
his role in the plot to assassinate the
Saudi ambassador to the United
States in 2011.
Major General Qassem Suleimani
Collective self-defence
Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo
Abe has recently got his security
legislation passed in his parliament.
It is now before the upper house.
Knowledgeable sources say Tokyo
is all set to abandon its war-
renouncing Constitution focussed
on self-defence. The proposed
legislation would replace the self-
defence doctrine with “collective
self-defence.” This would allow
Japan to send troops abroad to
rescue allies under attack.
During Abe’s visit to the U.S. in
April 2015, Toyo and Washington
announced new security guidelines .
Washington wanted Tokyo to take
“more responsibility” in their
bilateral security arrangement.
Recently, Abe has also proposed
a “strategic diamond” of four
maritime democracies — Japan, the
U.S., Australia and India — to
counter Chinese influence in the
Pacific. He has been critical of
Beijing’s territorial ambitions in the
South China Sea. Tokyo and Beijing
have a dispute over islands in the
East China Sea held by Japan.
The sources suggest Japan should
be wary of joining any game
between the U.S. and China in the
Pacific . Instead, it should focus on
solving its own problems with China
bilaterally and work towards
essential regional stability.
conflict. Conflict has to be converted
into cooperation. New Delhi would
do well to proceed with the
consensus reached between the top
leaders of the two sides in
the recent years and promote
bilateral relations in all fields .
Both sides should maintain a
positive momentum of talks at all
levels , enhance cooperation in the
United Nations, BRIC , the G-20.
They must push the international
order in a fair direction. They
must control disputes and
ensure peace and stability along
the border to create
favourable conditions for border
negotiations.
Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo
Abe