The document discusses the meaning of liberalism in India by examining its history, constitution, and current status on various issues compared to other developed nations. It addresses India's economic liberalization over time, restrictions on cultural and individual freedoms like parental control, pornography, and LGBTQ+ rights. While India is less liberal than some Western nations, the essay acknowledges that each society progresses at its own pace, and Indian law must balance individual liberties with broader public interests as liberalization occurs gradually over time.
The document discusses the provisions in the Indian Constitution relating to education. It outlines how the Preamble promotes education by ensuring equal access to educational institutions and facilities regardless of social status. It describes how secularism, equality of opportunities, and fundamental rights enshrine educational principles. Finally, it analyzes specific articles that aim to provide free and compulsory education, promote minority rights, prohibit religious instruction in state schools, and establish other educational policies and objectives in India.
Social Studies Chapter 4 What is DiversityGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 4: What is Diversity in Society under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Nationality [Slide 4]
2. Race and Ethnicity [Slide 23]
3. Religion [Slide 45]
4. Socio-economic Status [Slide 65]
Video
Part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VRdUe1i_es&ab_channel=MrGohBR
Part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EB8pwquB8Bw&ab_channel=MrGohBR
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 7 How Can We Respond in a Diverse SocietyGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 7: How Can We Respond in a Diverse Society under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 2 areas.
Management and Impact of Socio-cultural Diversity
1. Assimilation [Slide 14]
2. Integration [Slide 37]
Management and Impact of Socio-economic Diversity
1. Market-based Approach (USA) [Slide 83]
2. Shared Responsibility Approach (Singapore) [Slide 89]
3. Government-financed Approach (Sweden) [Slide 105]
You can also watch the flipped video below.
https://youtu.be/uhOpuIVkRhw
Any feedback is welcome.
The document discusses various social, economic, and health issues facing contemporary India such as corruption, education, and healthcare. It provides statistics and examples to analyze each issue. For corruption, it discusses the impact of the 2010 2G spectrum scandal and efforts to reduce corruption through education and transparency. For education, it shows literacy rates increasing but a gender gap remaining. For healthcare, data shows improvements in access to services, immunization rates, and life expectancy but challenges remain. The government is taking steps through various policies and programs to address these problems and improve living standards in India.
This document discusses the key aspects of citizenship according to Chapter 1. It is divided into 3 parts:
1) Citizenship is shaped by having a legal status as defined by one's country in terms of rights and responsibilities. This includes becoming a citizen through birth, marriage, or naturalization.
2) Citizenship involves sharing a common identity with fellow citizens developed through common practices, way of life, interests and experiences. This fosters a sense of belonging.
3) Participating in improving one's society is the third aspect of citizenship. This can result in positive outcomes like a willingness to contribute to and care for the community when citizens feel closer connections to each other and their country.
Denial of Citizenship Rights and Marginalisationsabrangsabrang
This document provides context and background for the book "Denial of Citizenship Rights and Marginalisation: Linguistic Bengali and Muslim Minorities in Assam". It discusses the history of migration to Assam, legislation around detecting illegal migrants, and issues with the "D" voters list that labels some citizens as "doubtful", disproportionately impacting Bengali Hindus and Muslims. It aims to initiate debate and action to secure the rights of innocent citizens facing discrimination in Assam.
Reservation in India is a system of affirmative action designed to improve the well-being of under-represented communities defined by caste. The main objective is to increase opportunities for social and educational advancement for underprivileged groups to enable them to participate fully in Indian society. Reservation was first introduced under British rule and remains controversial, with some arguing it has become politicized and an unfair system of distribution. The constitution guarantees equality and prohibits discrimination, but also aims to promote the interests of weaker sections through reservation. There is debate around whether the criteria should be changed from caste, religion and minority status to focus solely on financial condition.
The document discusses the provisions in the Indian Constitution relating to education. It outlines how the Preamble promotes education by ensuring equal access to educational institutions and facilities regardless of social status. It describes how secularism, equality of opportunities, and fundamental rights enshrine educational principles. Finally, it analyzes specific articles that aim to provide free and compulsory education, promote minority rights, prohibit religious instruction in state schools, and establish other educational policies and objectives in India.
Social Studies Chapter 4 What is DiversityGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 4: What is Diversity in Society under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Nationality [Slide 4]
2. Race and Ethnicity [Slide 23]
3. Religion [Slide 45]
4. Socio-economic Status [Slide 65]
Video
Part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VRdUe1i_es&ab_channel=MrGohBR
Part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EB8pwquB8Bw&ab_channel=MrGohBR
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 7 How Can We Respond in a Diverse SocietyGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 7: How Can We Respond in a Diverse Society under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 2 areas.
Management and Impact of Socio-cultural Diversity
1. Assimilation [Slide 14]
2. Integration [Slide 37]
Management and Impact of Socio-economic Diversity
1. Market-based Approach (USA) [Slide 83]
2. Shared Responsibility Approach (Singapore) [Slide 89]
3. Government-financed Approach (Sweden) [Slide 105]
You can also watch the flipped video below.
https://youtu.be/uhOpuIVkRhw
Any feedback is welcome.
The document discusses various social, economic, and health issues facing contemporary India such as corruption, education, and healthcare. It provides statistics and examples to analyze each issue. For corruption, it discusses the impact of the 2010 2G spectrum scandal and efforts to reduce corruption through education and transparency. For education, it shows literacy rates increasing but a gender gap remaining. For healthcare, data shows improvements in access to services, immunization rates, and life expectancy but challenges remain. The government is taking steps through various policies and programs to address these problems and improve living standards in India.
This document discusses the key aspects of citizenship according to Chapter 1. It is divided into 3 parts:
1) Citizenship is shaped by having a legal status as defined by one's country in terms of rights and responsibilities. This includes becoming a citizen through birth, marriage, or naturalization.
2) Citizenship involves sharing a common identity with fellow citizens developed through common practices, way of life, interests and experiences. This fosters a sense of belonging.
3) Participating in improving one's society is the third aspect of citizenship. This can result in positive outcomes like a willingness to contribute to and care for the community when citizens feel closer connections to each other and their country.
Denial of Citizenship Rights and Marginalisationsabrangsabrang
This document provides context and background for the book "Denial of Citizenship Rights and Marginalisation: Linguistic Bengali and Muslim Minorities in Assam". It discusses the history of migration to Assam, legislation around detecting illegal migrants, and issues with the "D" voters list that labels some citizens as "doubtful", disproportionately impacting Bengali Hindus and Muslims. It aims to initiate debate and action to secure the rights of innocent citizens facing discrimination in Assam.
Reservation in India is a system of affirmative action designed to improve the well-being of under-represented communities defined by caste. The main objective is to increase opportunities for social and educational advancement for underprivileged groups to enable them to participate fully in Indian society. Reservation was first introduced under British rule and remains controversial, with some arguing it has become politicized and an unfair system of distribution. The constitution guarantees equality and prohibits discrimination, but also aims to promote the interests of weaker sections through reservation. There is debate around whether the criteria should be changed from caste, religion and minority status to focus solely on financial condition.
Reservation policies in india presentationKalp Sharma
This Presentation has been made in order to bring to the attention of the general public how reservation policies in India has impacted the country as a whole and what steps need to be taken in order to bring out the better side of it.
Constitutional provisions & judicial options printkrishna G
This document discusses and summarizes various constitutional provisions related to reservations and affirmative action for socially and educationally backward classes in India. It discusses how the constitution allows for affirmative action for disadvantaged groups. It argues that Muslims can be considered a socially and educationally backward class and considers various judicial interpretations on this issue. The document also critiques the reasoning and questions posed by a High Court judgment on reservations for Muslims in the state.
This document discusses corruption in India on multiple levels. It begins by summarizing India's constitution and founding principles of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity. It then discusses both India's achievements and ongoing problems like unemployment, illiteracy and poverty exacerbated by population growth. It notes a "pathetic contempt of rule of law and ethics in public life." The document also examines corruption indexes, definitions and typologies of corruption, as well as examples of recent corruption scandals in India. It discusses the role of groups like the CVC, CBI and proposed Lokpal in addressing corruption. Overall, the document provides a wide-ranging overview of corruption challenges in India from different perspectives.
Bharath Developments _Men to Virus shall not defeat goodness H Janardan Prabhu
Difficulties due to men and virus will not be hampering India for long though we need to work hard unitedly. No one should be able to stop our breathing freely and live happily.
1. Reservation in India provides quotas for education and government jobs for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes to promote equal opportunity and representation.
2. The idea of reservation began with local kings providing support for backward classes, and was later enshrined in the Indian Constitution by Dr. Ambedkar to guarantee political and social rights for disadvantaged groups.
3. The Mandal Commission in 1980 recommended reserving 27% of government jobs for other backward classes, leading to nationwide protests when implemented in 1990. Reservation policies in India currently reserve 49.5% of government positions for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes.
This document discusses the politics of reservation in India. It begins with an introduction to the reservation system and its origins in the caste system. It then provides details on the history of reservation in India including the recommendations of the Mandal Commission which increased quotas for Other Backward Classes. The document outlines the various beneficiary groups that receive reservations including Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, women and religious minorities. It also discusses what the Indian constitution says about reservation and some of the debates around its implementation.
1) Nepal has a long history of implementing welfare state policies and programs dating back to ancient Hindu society as evidenced in texts like the Arthashastra and Mahabharata. 2) During the medieval period, Guthis (social institutions) provided welfare services to their members when needed. 3) In modern Nepal, rulers like Prithvi Narayan Shah and Bahadur Shah pursued policies promoting people's welfare and rights.
Definition of minority_and_minority_institutionnajmathulail
The document discusses minority groups and minority rights. Some key points:
[1] A sociological minority is not defined by numbers alone, but also by factors like social status, education, wealth, and political power compared to the dominant group. [2] Minority group members are often subject to differential treatment and discrimination. [3] National or religious minorities have the right to preserve their distinct culture, language and religion according to international law.
The document outlines the definition and protection of minority groups under Indian law and the role of the National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions in upholding their rights.
Caveat - VOLUME 09/II, FEBRUARY 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
In this month’s Main Article column, we examine the controversy currently surrounding the fundamental human rights of freedom of religion and freedom of expression. A recent application for constitutional review of the 1965
Blasphemy Law has re-invigorated the freedom of religion debate in Indonesia.
The Indonesia Constitution and domestic law on human rights guarantee freedom of religion and freedom of worship. Unfortunately, in practice, one cannot rely on this ‘guarantee’ to exercise the right to worship the religion of one’s choice. Those who have beliefs which are different to the mainstream religions may be labelled as deviant, or face physical abuse, as in the case of followers of Islamic sect, Ahmaddiya. This article critiques this gap between words and practice in relation to freedom of religion in Indonesia.
The Additional Feature in this month’s episode highlights the debate around the power of the Attorney General’s Office (AGO) to ban printed materials believed to have the potential to disrupt public order. In December last year, the AGO banned five books by a decree, igniting a debate on
freedom of expression. Author of banned book Enam Jalan Menuju Tuhan, Darmawan, filed an application for constitutional review with the Constitutional Court in February, on the grounds of violation of his right to freedom of expression. The government and supporters of the book
ban defend the actions of the AGO on the basis that freedom of expression and freedom to information are subject to limitation. Notwithstanding this, it is important to critically analyse whether the power to limit these rights is exercised in a manner compatible with the principles of human rights. We argue that, in accordance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), a degree of proportionate limitation on the exercise of
the right to freedom of expression and information in the name of public order is justifiable. However, even in such
circumstances, the power to ban books must be exercised in accordance with certain criteria; the exercise of power
should be a proportionate response to the threat, it should be exercised in accordance with a set of objective criteria and should be subject to review or appeal.
The final article is an opinion piece written by Ricky Gunawan which looks at the story of Rose, a drug user sentenced by Indonesian courts to rehabilitation. Rose
was asked to pay an amount of money for her rehabilitation even though Indonesia’s Narcotics Law clearly states that the state will pay the treatment costs of drug addicts
found guilty of drug offences under the Narcotics Law. Gunawan criticizes Indonesian’s legal system which is
unprepared to serve convicted drug users in need of rehabilitation.
Article 45 and 30 constitutional values and aims of educationSujinaTv
The document discusses the aims and purposes of education according to the Indian constitution. It outlines several key aims: developing knowledge and skills in individuals; promoting social, moral, and cultural values; fostering vocational skills; and achieving the overall development of an individual so they can become a good citizen. The constitution mandates free and compulsory education for all children until age 14 and protects the right of minorities to establish their own educational institutions. Education is seen as a means to acquire knowledge, experience, and sound attitudes that make people civilized and refined and allow society to function cooperatively.
The document provides an overview of India's reservation system. It discusses:
- The history and objectives of reservations, which aim to improve opportunities for underprivileged communities.
- The types of reservations, including those based on caste, religion, gender, and domicile.
- The debates around reservations, with both advantages seen in increasing opportunities but also disadvantages like discouraging merit-based systems.
- The current situation sees arguments that reservations are no longer relevant but also counterarguments about the need to address continued inequalities.
- Suggestions are made that reforms are needed to avoid vote bank politics and focus more on economic status, while also not removing reservations altogether at this time due to reliance on
The document is the October 2010 issue of Smart Companion India magazine. It contains articles on various topics related to Christianity in India such as sexual abuse in the Catholic Church, Mother Teresa, the Ayodhya verdict, and the Right to Education Act. It also includes sections on news, faith matters, interviews, and media reviews. The issue aims to provide a magazine for Christian leadership in India.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Indian constitution relating to education. It outlines the preamble of the constitution which establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. It then lists the fundamental rights and duties of citizens. In terms of education, the constitution provides for free and compulsory education up to age 14, religious instruction, language safeguards, equality of opportunity, and education of minorities and weaker sections. It also aims to promote secular education, instruction in native languages, and higher education/research. Overall, the constitution seeks to develop democratic values, national integration, social/moral values, and physical/social development through education.
The document discusses the concepts of equality and discrimination under law. It defines equality, explores different types such as equality before the law and substantive equality. It also examines positive discrimination/affirmative action and criticisms against it. Discrimination is defined as different treatment that disadvantages a group, with grounds including gender, race, disability and marital status. The document also outlines anti-discrimination law and how courts scrutinize discriminatory practices and claims of discrimination.
Social Studies Chapter 2.2 Decision Making in a Representative DemocracyGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 2.2 Decision Making in a Representative Democracy to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. What is Democracy [Slide 8]
2. The Legislative [Slide 23]
3. The Executive [Slide 73]
4. The Judiciary [Slide 84]
Any feedback is welcome.
Indian constitution and education: An Over ViewHathib KK
This document discusses how the Indian Constitution promotes educational opportunity and rights. It examines the values of socialism, secularism, social justice, liberty, and equality enshrined in the preamble. These values indicate that educational institutions should be equally available to all citizens regardless of religion, caste, or social status. The document also outlines citizens' fundamental rights and duties as well as the directive principles related to education. Finally, it analyzes specific articles within the constitution, such as Articles 45, 46, 30, 28, 350A, and 29, which further guarantee educational rights for minorities and children.
The steps through which a nation can be integrated and unified regardless of the cultural diversities and differences on the basis of caste, creed and colour. The simple but necessary steps to adopt for making the country integrated.
1) Special groups like children, women, disabled persons, HIV positive individuals and elderly people have certain rights formulated to protect them.
2) The rights of children include protection from abuse and access to education, healthcare and shelter. Women's rights are aimed at ensuring equality, protection from discrimination and violence, and adequate livelihood.
3) Disabled persons have rights related to education, employment, social security and living independently. HIV positive individuals' rights focus on confidentiality, access to treatment and banning discrimination. The elderly have rights regarding healthcare, pensions and protection from neglect.
This document discusses the history and current status of Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) in India. It describes how the Varna system led to the oppression and marginalization of SC/ST communities through the imposition of social, economic, political and religious disabilities. While some protections have been established through constitutional measures and affirmative action policies, many challenges remain. Key figures like Dr. Ambedkar fought to abolish untouchability and establish rights for Dalits, while committees seek to resolve problems facing tribal communities through integration, assimilation or isolation approaches. Overall the document provides background on the origins and experiences of SC/ST groups in India.
La Reforma Fiscal de 2014 aprobada por la Cámara de Diputados y el Senado introduce cambios en impuestos como el IVA, ISR, IEPS e IETU. Entre los cambios se incluyen la homologación del IVA al 16% en toda la frontera, un impuesto al 8% para alimentos chatarra y bebidas azucaradas, y modificaciones a las tasas del ISR para personas físicas. El objetivo general de la reforma es fortalecer las finanzas públicas y hacer progresivo el sistema tributario.
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
:
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
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https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Reservation policies in india presentationKalp Sharma
This Presentation has been made in order to bring to the attention of the general public how reservation policies in India has impacted the country as a whole and what steps need to be taken in order to bring out the better side of it.
Constitutional provisions & judicial options printkrishna G
This document discusses and summarizes various constitutional provisions related to reservations and affirmative action for socially and educationally backward classes in India. It discusses how the constitution allows for affirmative action for disadvantaged groups. It argues that Muslims can be considered a socially and educationally backward class and considers various judicial interpretations on this issue. The document also critiques the reasoning and questions posed by a High Court judgment on reservations for Muslims in the state.
This document discusses corruption in India on multiple levels. It begins by summarizing India's constitution and founding principles of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity. It then discusses both India's achievements and ongoing problems like unemployment, illiteracy and poverty exacerbated by population growth. It notes a "pathetic contempt of rule of law and ethics in public life." The document also examines corruption indexes, definitions and typologies of corruption, as well as examples of recent corruption scandals in India. It discusses the role of groups like the CVC, CBI and proposed Lokpal in addressing corruption. Overall, the document provides a wide-ranging overview of corruption challenges in India from different perspectives.
Bharath Developments _Men to Virus shall not defeat goodness H Janardan Prabhu
Difficulties due to men and virus will not be hampering India for long though we need to work hard unitedly. No one should be able to stop our breathing freely and live happily.
1. Reservation in India provides quotas for education and government jobs for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes to promote equal opportunity and representation.
2. The idea of reservation began with local kings providing support for backward classes, and was later enshrined in the Indian Constitution by Dr. Ambedkar to guarantee political and social rights for disadvantaged groups.
3. The Mandal Commission in 1980 recommended reserving 27% of government jobs for other backward classes, leading to nationwide protests when implemented in 1990. Reservation policies in India currently reserve 49.5% of government positions for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes.
This document discusses the politics of reservation in India. It begins with an introduction to the reservation system and its origins in the caste system. It then provides details on the history of reservation in India including the recommendations of the Mandal Commission which increased quotas for Other Backward Classes. The document outlines the various beneficiary groups that receive reservations including Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, women and religious minorities. It also discusses what the Indian constitution says about reservation and some of the debates around its implementation.
1) Nepal has a long history of implementing welfare state policies and programs dating back to ancient Hindu society as evidenced in texts like the Arthashastra and Mahabharata. 2) During the medieval period, Guthis (social institutions) provided welfare services to their members when needed. 3) In modern Nepal, rulers like Prithvi Narayan Shah and Bahadur Shah pursued policies promoting people's welfare and rights.
Definition of minority_and_minority_institutionnajmathulail
The document discusses minority groups and minority rights. Some key points:
[1] A sociological minority is not defined by numbers alone, but also by factors like social status, education, wealth, and political power compared to the dominant group. [2] Minority group members are often subject to differential treatment and discrimination. [3] National or religious minorities have the right to preserve their distinct culture, language and religion according to international law.
The document outlines the definition and protection of minority groups under Indian law and the role of the National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions in upholding their rights.
Caveat - VOLUME 09/II, FEBRUARY 2010 - LBH MasyarakatLBH Masyarakat
In this month’s Main Article column, we examine the controversy currently surrounding the fundamental human rights of freedom of religion and freedom of expression. A recent application for constitutional review of the 1965
Blasphemy Law has re-invigorated the freedom of religion debate in Indonesia.
The Indonesia Constitution and domestic law on human rights guarantee freedom of religion and freedom of worship. Unfortunately, in practice, one cannot rely on this ‘guarantee’ to exercise the right to worship the religion of one’s choice. Those who have beliefs which are different to the mainstream religions may be labelled as deviant, or face physical abuse, as in the case of followers of Islamic sect, Ahmaddiya. This article critiques this gap between words and practice in relation to freedom of religion in Indonesia.
The Additional Feature in this month’s episode highlights the debate around the power of the Attorney General’s Office (AGO) to ban printed materials believed to have the potential to disrupt public order. In December last year, the AGO banned five books by a decree, igniting a debate on
freedom of expression. Author of banned book Enam Jalan Menuju Tuhan, Darmawan, filed an application for constitutional review with the Constitutional Court in February, on the grounds of violation of his right to freedom of expression. The government and supporters of the book
ban defend the actions of the AGO on the basis that freedom of expression and freedom to information are subject to limitation. Notwithstanding this, it is important to critically analyse whether the power to limit these rights is exercised in a manner compatible with the principles of human rights. We argue that, in accordance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), a degree of proportionate limitation on the exercise of
the right to freedom of expression and information in the name of public order is justifiable. However, even in such
circumstances, the power to ban books must be exercised in accordance with certain criteria; the exercise of power
should be a proportionate response to the threat, it should be exercised in accordance with a set of objective criteria and should be subject to review or appeal.
The final article is an opinion piece written by Ricky Gunawan which looks at the story of Rose, a drug user sentenced by Indonesian courts to rehabilitation. Rose
was asked to pay an amount of money for her rehabilitation even though Indonesia’s Narcotics Law clearly states that the state will pay the treatment costs of drug addicts
found guilty of drug offences under the Narcotics Law. Gunawan criticizes Indonesian’s legal system which is
unprepared to serve convicted drug users in need of rehabilitation.
Article 45 and 30 constitutional values and aims of educationSujinaTv
The document discusses the aims and purposes of education according to the Indian constitution. It outlines several key aims: developing knowledge and skills in individuals; promoting social, moral, and cultural values; fostering vocational skills; and achieving the overall development of an individual so they can become a good citizen. The constitution mandates free and compulsory education for all children until age 14 and protects the right of minorities to establish their own educational institutions. Education is seen as a means to acquire knowledge, experience, and sound attitudes that make people civilized and refined and allow society to function cooperatively.
The document provides an overview of India's reservation system. It discusses:
- The history and objectives of reservations, which aim to improve opportunities for underprivileged communities.
- The types of reservations, including those based on caste, religion, gender, and domicile.
- The debates around reservations, with both advantages seen in increasing opportunities but also disadvantages like discouraging merit-based systems.
- The current situation sees arguments that reservations are no longer relevant but also counterarguments about the need to address continued inequalities.
- Suggestions are made that reforms are needed to avoid vote bank politics and focus more on economic status, while also not removing reservations altogether at this time due to reliance on
The document is the October 2010 issue of Smart Companion India magazine. It contains articles on various topics related to Christianity in India such as sexual abuse in the Catholic Church, Mother Teresa, the Ayodhya verdict, and the Right to Education Act. It also includes sections on news, faith matters, interviews, and media reviews. The issue aims to provide a magazine for Christian leadership in India.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Indian constitution relating to education. It outlines the preamble of the constitution which establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. It then lists the fundamental rights and duties of citizens. In terms of education, the constitution provides for free and compulsory education up to age 14, religious instruction, language safeguards, equality of opportunity, and education of minorities and weaker sections. It also aims to promote secular education, instruction in native languages, and higher education/research. Overall, the constitution seeks to develop democratic values, national integration, social/moral values, and physical/social development through education.
The document discusses the concepts of equality and discrimination under law. It defines equality, explores different types such as equality before the law and substantive equality. It also examines positive discrimination/affirmative action and criticisms against it. Discrimination is defined as different treatment that disadvantages a group, with grounds including gender, race, disability and marital status. The document also outlines anti-discrimination law and how courts scrutinize discriminatory practices and claims of discrimination.
Social Studies Chapter 2.2 Decision Making in a Representative DemocracyGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 2.2 Decision Making in a Representative Democracy to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. What is Democracy [Slide 8]
2. The Legislative [Slide 23]
3. The Executive [Slide 73]
4. The Judiciary [Slide 84]
Any feedback is welcome.
Indian constitution and education: An Over ViewHathib KK
This document discusses how the Indian Constitution promotes educational opportunity and rights. It examines the values of socialism, secularism, social justice, liberty, and equality enshrined in the preamble. These values indicate that educational institutions should be equally available to all citizens regardless of religion, caste, or social status. The document also outlines citizens' fundamental rights and duties as well as the directive principles related to education. Finally, it analyzes specific articles within the constitution, such as Articles 45, 46, 30, 28, 350A, and 29, which further guarantee educational rights for minorities and children.
The steps through which a nation can be integrated and unified regardless of the cultural diversities and differences on the basis of caste, creed and colour. The simple but necessary steps to adopt for making the country integrated.
1) Special groups like children, women, disabled persons, HIV positive individuals and elderly people have certain rights formulated to protect them.
2) The rights of children include protection from abuse and access to education, healthcare and shelter. Women's rights are aimed at ensuring equality, protection from discrimination and violence, and adequate livelihood.
3) Disabled persons have rights related to education, employment, social security and living independently. HIV positive individuals' rights focus on confidentiality, access to treatment and banning discrimination. The elderly have rights regarding healthcare, pensions and protection from neglect.
This document discusses the history and current status of Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) in India. It describes how the Varna system led to the oppression and marginalization of SC/ST communities through the imposition of social, economic, political and religious disabilities. While some protections have been established through constitutional measures and affirmative action policies, many challenges remain. Key figures like Dr. Ambedkar fought to abolish untouchability and establish rights for Dalits, while committees seek to resolve problems facing tribal communities through integration, assimilation or isolation approaches. Overall the document provides background on the origins and experiences of SC/ST groups in India.
La Reforma Fiscal de 2014 aprobada por la Cámara de Diputados y el Senado introduce cambios en impuestos como el IVA, ISR, IEPS e IETU. Entre los cambios se incluyen la homologación del IVA al 16% en toda la frontera, un impuesto al 8% para alimentos chatarra y bebidas azucaradas, y modificaciones a las tasas del ISR para personas físicas. El objetivo general de la reforma es fortalecer las finanzas públicas y hacer progresivo el sistema tributario.
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
:
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
:
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
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EU: Articles of Natural Cork and Agglomerated Cork – Market Report. Analysis ...IndexBox Marketing
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This document discusses children's rights in India and highlights areas where children's rights are being violated. It begins by providing population statistics on children in India and data on issues like malnutrition, lack of access to education, child labor, and commercial sexual exploitation of children. It then summarizes key provisions from the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child related to education, child labor, protection of children, and rights of disabled children. However, it notes that many of the rights guaranteed by the convention are not enforced in Indian laws or courts. The document calls for stronger protection of children's rights in India.
The document discusses India's "Mission Justice" movement, which aims to secure freedom and rights for India's children, inspired by the Quit India Movement. It notes that while India gained independence in 1947, the rights of its large child population are still being violated. The movement demands that children's rights as outlined by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which India ratified in 1992, are properly implemented, as many Indian children still face issues like lack of access to education, child labor, malnutrition, and exploitation.
The document launches a movement called Mission Justice to advocate for the rights of children in India, inspired by the Quit India Movement. It summarizes that while India has ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the rights laid out in the convention are not properly implemented in law. Large numbers of Indian children still face issues like lack of access to education, child labor, malnutrition, lack of healthcare, and child abuse. The document calls for stronger legislation and legal provisions to truly protect children's rights in India in line with the international convention.
The document launches a movement called Mission Justice to advocate for the rights of children in India, inspired by the Quit India Movement. It summarizes that while India has ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the rights laid out in the convention are not properly implemented in law. Large numbers of Indian children still face issues like lack of access to education, child labor, malnutrition, lack of healthcare, and child abuse. The document calls for stronger legislation and legal provisions to truly protect children's rights in India in line with the international convention.
Mission Justice launches a movement in 2010 for the freedom and rights of 50 crore Indian children, similar to the Quit India Movement of 1942. The document outlines how children's rights in India are not being upheld based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child that India ratified in 1992. It summarizes some key issues like lack of access to education, child labor, child trafficking, and discrimination faced by disabled and girl children. It calls for implementing all articles of the convention through a single comprehensive law and specialized courts for children's issues.
The document discusses human rights violations against women in India. It notes that while the Indian constitution guarantees equal rights for men and women, in practice women face widespread discrimination. Women are often victims of crimes like rape, dowry deaths, sexual harassment, and trafficking. Several factors contribute to violations of women's rights, including a patriarchal society, poverty, and lack of education. While the government has implemented various laws and programs, more efforts are still needed to improve women's status and prevent human rights abuses against women in India.
This document discusses children's rights in India and highlights areas where India is not in compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It provides statistics showing issues like lack of access to education, child labor, malnutrition, lack of healthcare, and commercial sexual exploitation of children. It summarizes key articles from the convention on rights like protection from exploitation, right to education, protection for disabled children. However, it notes that India has not properly enacted these rights into legislation and enforcement is lacking. The document calls for a single, comprehensive law to protect children's rights based on the principles of the convention.
The document discusses various questions related to democratic rights and fundamental rights enshrined in the Indian constitution. It provides answers to questions about prisoners in Guantanamo Bay, treatment of Batisha Hoxha's family by Serbian troops, role of rights in a democracy, implications of right to equality, reasons for reservations in India, provisions to prevent exploitation of weaker sections, whether India is a secular state, securing fundamental rights through constitutional remedies, fundamental rights enshrined in the Indian constitution, their salient features, a short note on human rights, and new rights guaranteed by the South African constitution.
The document discusses various topics related to democratic rights and fundamental rights in India:
1) It summarizes reports of torture of prisoners in Guantanamo Bay and denial of rights to prisoners.
2) It describes the mistreatment of 74-year old Batisha Hoxha and her family by Serbian troops during the conflict in Kosovo.
3) It explains the key roles that rights play in protecting minorities and placing constraints on the majority in a democracy.
HUMAN RIGHTS meaning definition conceptsChaitraAni
This document provides an overview of human rights in India. It begins with definitions of human rights and discusses the history and development of human rights in ancient, medieval, and modern India. It then examines the impact of human rights on Indian society, including ensuring basic needs, protecting vulnerable groups, allowing freedom of speech and religion, and holding governments accountable. The document concludes that human rights are essential for peace, harmony, security and freedom in communities.
The document discusses the fundamental rights granted by the Indian constitution. It outlines 6 key rights: the right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, cultural and educational rights, right to freedom of religion, and right to constitutional remedies. It provides brief descriptions and examples for each of the 6 rights.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND ITS CLASSIFICATION 8-3-23.pdfYuvaraj880160
The document discusses the fundamental rights and duties enshrined in the Indian constitution. It begins by outlining the six fundamental rights - right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and right to constitutional remedies. It then discusses the fundamental duties added to the constitution via the 42nd amendment, including duties to abide the constitution, promote harmony and protect the environment. The document concludes by noting that rights and duties are interrelated and fundamental duties are moral responsibilities to uphold rights and unity in India.
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The California Gold Rush of 1849 led to a large influx of people seeking wealth and opportunity. This overpopulation created challenges for California as resources and infrastructure struggled to keep up with demand. While the Gold Rush stimulated California's economy and accelerated its path to statehood, it also brought social issues as greed and a focus on wealth took priority for some over community and compassion.
The document discusses the key constitutional values reflected in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution, including sovereignty, socialism, secularism, democracy, republicanism, justice, liberty, equality, fraternity, human dignity, and unity and integrity of the nation. It provides details on each of these values and how they are important guiding principles for India. The document also outlines the fundamental duties of Indian citizens prescribed in the Constitution.
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Similar to What does it take to be liberal in India (17)
1. What does it mean to be liberal in India?
On the date of declaration of independence, i.e., 15th August, 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime
Minister of India said “At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life
and freedom.” On this very date, the sacrifices which had been made by the Indian freedom fighters paid
off and led to the end of two hundred year long colonial rule by the Britishers. After few years of the
independence, the Constituent Assembly delivered to the people of India, its constitution. The preamble of
the constitution of India reads
“WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST,
SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND
GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.”
Both, the statement of Jawaharlal Nehru and the preamble of constitution of India would instill a great
feeling of pride in one’s heart but after sixty eight years of the independence, it actually makes us wonder,
is India fully awake to life and freedom? Have we really secured the justice, liberty and equality to
ourselves? Certainly, the answer to these questions is debatable as the current and historic situations of
India are perceived differently by different people.
Out of the words Liberty, Freedom, Justice and Equality, the word which is most vulnerable to a long
discussion and dilemmatic interpretation is ‘Liberty’as there are no pre-determined criteria to define or
measure it, but of course, we can compare the degree of liberalismfrom country to country, region to
region or culture to culture, within and beyond India. Before moving forward, it should be discussed that
what does liberalismactually mean. In simple terms, liberalismmeans the belief of progress achieved
through maximum individual freedom possible, especially as guaranteed by law and secured by
governmental protection of civil liberties. For instance, one cannot be given enough freedom or liberty to
kill another person as it is destructive of humanity and therefore, cannot be advocated by law. Now, India
being a vast country and the largest democracy on this earth, one may analyze here that the meaning of
liberalism is influenced by various factors consisting of economic and political situation, cultural
backgrounds of people, individual liberties and rights etc. It would be more appropriate to say that being
liberal is different in context of economic and political situation, culture and traditions of people and other
individual liberties and rights.
2. In the contemporary globalized world, no individual country can sustain by being a closed economy as
none of the countries in this world is equipped with the requisite resources to feed its population. Hence,
in order to survive, a country has to engage itself in the international trade and business as business is the
key to economic and financial prosperity of a nation. Fortunately, this theory was realized by the then
Union Minister of Finance, Dr. Manmohan Singh (Former Prime Minister of India)back in 1991 and came
up with the New Economic Policy 1991 to save India from the economic crisis. Such wisdom and sagacity of
Dr. Manmohan Singh laid down the path for liberalization of Indian economic laws and rigid policies that
obstructed the free flow of goods and services which ultimately proved a benefactor for Indian economy.
Evidently, here the liberalismwas thirsty for loosening of political as well as legal clutches that curbed the
free movement of goods and services.
Being a law student, it feels great to learn about what actually runs a country. Yes, it is the legal structure
of a country which steers it towards the right direction. To make India go in the right progressive path, the
current Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi has considerably lured each big economic power of this world
to come to India and set up manufacturing units here through his famous campaign ‘Make In India’ as this
man of marketing acumen perfectly knows that a nation with a biggest constitution and around twenty
five hundred laws are doing no good but vexing the situation. Keeping this thing in mind, he set up a
committee to list down the archaic and redundant laws which have lost the relevance in Indian society and
till date around eight hundred such laws have been abolished, attributable to his belief of ‘Less
Government, More Governance’. In India or in any other country, political parties are always in a bid to
catch hold of the other on one or the other issues due to conflict of liberties and this often lead to a
deadlock in Parliament. Hence, it hurts to see crores of rupees of public money going in drain in respect of
lack of deliberations due to deadlock amongst houses of parliament over irrelevant issues leading to
pendency of key legislations like Goods and Services Tax Bill (GST Bill) and Land Acquisition Bill. Now, what
GST intends to achieve, is to streamline all the different taxes like excise, customs, vat, octroi duty, sales
tax and other applicable taxes into one single tax whereas Land Acquisition bill will facilitate the
acquisition of lands for setting up of factories and industries. Such key laws need to be executed as
expeditiously as possible because of its resultant rise in liberalization of business atmosphere of country,
thereby contributing towards the enhancement of image of India as the perfect destination for investment
and business opportunities.
That was the situation pertaining to a macro level, but of course, the situation at micro level too seems to
be not pleasing indeed. Every human being is born with some unique talent which results in its individual
aspirations of life. Is this something too hard to understand? Blockbuster films like ‘Taare Zameen Par’ and
‘3 Idiots’ have, vehemently spread the message that to let your children chase their dreams and have their
own choice of having an identity. But the scenario speaks of some different situation prevalent in Indian
families. It may take some time to realize one’s own aspirations and career choices and therefore, it is the
obligation of the parents to counsel their children to find out what they actually like to become and not
forcing or emotionally blackmailing them to follow a safe path in life or pursuing what others are doing. It
is high time that we must let go of such herd mentality and let children to follow their heart.
3. On the top of that, the next thing which haunts the liberalization process in India is the culture. Yes,
culture, an intangible tool to convey all the legacies and set of practices from generation to generation,
which barely leaves any chance to eradicate the continuance of conservative psychology, if any.
Celebrating your culture is fine as long as you're not using it to display dominance against someone who is
different, blame a victim of gender violence, justify criminal acts like rape and honour killing, etc. These are
the things that turn “culture” into a negative word and tarnish it. Culture represents the identity of a
person which needs to be protected eternally through dignified and sensible acts that do not attack the
freedom of other person.
When I first read about the topic of essay, the first thing which came to my mind was the news which said
that “The Former Indo-Canadian Pornstar Sunny Leone is facing tough time in finding her a house to live in
Mumbai”. Sunny Leone, who was shot to fame after her stint in Bigg Boss Season 5, found it difficult to
find a decent residence for her as people were reluctant to be her neighbors due to the stigma she carries
of once being a porn actress in America. Prostitution and pornography, being the legalized professions in
U.S., Europe, Australia and other various developed countries, are taboo in Indian society and the people
who are involved in such things are not considered as chaste. It also reminds that, recently, the famous
extra-marital affair website ‘Ashley Madison’ got hacked divulging the secret details of around thirty three
million users in the U.S. This incident will, anyhow, be the biggest Christmas present to the divorce lawyers
of America. Anyways, although secretly, but still thirty three million users got convinced by website’s tag
line stating “Life is short, Have an affair’’. In India, where marriage is considered as sacrament and pristine
relationship, and divorce as a sin, one will definitely think for atleast hundred times to venture with such
kind of idea in start-up boomed economy of India. Thus, talking of what does it mean to be liberal in India,
definitely does not mean to let profession of prostitution or pornography prevail in society or even getting
oneself registered at any affair making website as more than the law, the mentality and conformist
perceptions of people restrict it. Besides this, what’s more perturbing is the societal spurn towards live-in
relationships or the phenomenon of ‘friends with benefits’ or public demonstration of love by hugging or
kissing and many more in the queue, which, contrarily, are extremely normal in the western countries.
Furthermore,on 23rd May, 2015, Ireland made headlines by becoming the first country in the world to
legalize same-sex marriage by an overwhelming national vote delivering abundance of joy to the LGBT
community of country and thereby establishing that a person has a right to live upto his aspirations and
expectations, contrary to what situation prevails in India. Referring to the landmark judgement of Hon’ble
Supreme Court of India dated 11th December, 2013 in case of Suresh Kumar Kaushal v. NAZ Foundation,
the Hon’ble Supreme Court ruled homosexuality to be a criminal offence setting aside the 2009 judgment
given by the Delhi High Court, prohibiting the liberty that was awarded to the LGBT community, in terms
of section 377 of Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860 which states that whoever voluntarily has carnal
intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with
imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for term which may extend to ten years,
and shall also be liable to fine. Despite being argued that the IPC, when enacted in 1860, was justified; but
with the passage of time it had become arbitrary and unreasonable, and judgement being contrary to the
fundamental rights under Articles 14, 15 and 21 of the constitution, the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India
4. endorsed the constitutional validity of Section 377 of IPC as unquestionable. As it has been stated earlier,
that we can only compare the degree of liberalism in respect of various aspects prevalent in different
regions, states or countries. If India restricts the homosexuality by life imprisonment, then countries like
Saudi Arabia or Iraq punish it with death penalty.
Additionally, on the optimistic front, what it came to be good news for the people was another judgement
of Supreme Court in case of Shreya Singhal v. Union of India, declaring section 66A of Information
Technology Act as unconstitutional and striking it down as it had been widely misused by police in various
states to arrest innocent persons for posting critical comments about social and political issues and
political leaders on social networking sites.The court said such a law hit at the root of liberty and freedom
of expression, two cardinal pillars of democracy. Certainly, this is to be counted amongst the biggest
achievements in respect of being liberal in India. Time and again, the world has witnessed many revolts
against oppression. India too revolted against the physical captivity of its sovereignty by Britishers and
after its victory, the battle begun to fight against the mental captivity of Indians.
Now, at the end, it would be appropriate to conclude that law is the mirror image of a society and all the
liberties of people must be guaranteed by law. If any society, be it in India or beyond India, by the passage
of time, feels the need to become more liberal, then law automatically recognizes it. But it should be kept
in mind that such transition is a slow and steady process in which one’s demand for the liberty may not be
in larger public interest, in case of which, he or she does not have the liberty to resort to illegal means or
misusing the other liberties or curtailing the liberties of other fellow citizens. So, if today, someone asks
me, “Don’t you Indians feel the need of organizing topless marches like we do at Time Square, or enjoying
gambling at casinos or strip-teasing at burlesque clubs or legalizing the trade of cannabis (Marijuana) like
Uruguay did?” The answer would be a fervent no as India has its own pace of liberalization and currently,
the Indian society is in no need to accommodate such things. Therefore, we may be less liberal than the
U.S., Russia, Europe or Australia but we are far more liberal than numerous countries of the globe.
Bibliography
1. Google
2. The Times of India
3. Wikipedia
4. Indian Penal Code, 1860
5. Constitution of India
5. Summary of the Essay
The essay speaks about the history of India, preamble of constitution of India and the current status and
quantum of liberalismin various aspects such as, in respect of Economic and political scenario, cultural
environment, individual rights and liberties of citizens compared with the liberalismin the developed
countries.
It talks of meaning of liberalism, historical as well as current economic and political environment, parental
disregard towards their children’s aspirations, a strict no-no towards pornography and prostitution,
cultural restrictions, LGBT community’s rights, etc.
It also states that all the rights, freedom and liberties must be guaranteed by the law of the country and
has commented that each society has its own needs of liberalismand a pace to achieve those.
Through the essay above, i.e., What Does it Mean To Be Liberal in India, it has been tried to accumulate
the areas in which Indian society would be considered as less liberal than the societies of other developed
countries. The readers may find it to be a representative of a negative image of India but it is certainly not
advisable to interpret it in such sense as a very important fact must be kept in mind that India is a huge
country and despite its urbanization, majority of it resides in rural areas. Therefore, even if some
measures for liberalization are taken place, its benefits are rarely reaped by people at such grass root
levels.