1. Minority and Its Rights
Government and Social Work Initiatives.
Presented By:- Mohd Intesar Alam 15BSW05
2. Content
Introduction.
Definitions.
Types of Minority.
Statistics
Crimes against minorities.
Rights of Minorities.
Social work Intervention/Initiatives.
Government intervention/Initiatives
Conclusion.
4. INTRODUCTION
Every community, society, or a state has a group
which has their own ethnicity , Cultural values ,
language and religion and are different from a
large part of the entity they are known as
Minority . These groups are basically less in
number have less presentation in policy making
organs of the state and suffer a little bit or a
strong discrimination with in their locality, for
example in India other then Hindus like Islam,
Sikhism, Christainity , Budhism etc are in
minority. It is prime importance that each
citizen has respect for individual group’s
identity.
5. DEFINITIONS
Indian Constitution uses word minority at many places
but doesn't gives specific definition but gives general
definition.
Article 29 refers to "minorities" in its marginal
heading, it speaks/defines of "any section of citizens
having a distinct language, script and culture".
6. Definition by UN
The United Nations Commission on Human
Rights in 1950 had defined Minorities as
below:“Only those communities other than the ruling
national community can be termed as minorities, who
want to have a language, religion or race different
from the language, religion and race of the national
community. It is essential for being recognized as
minorities that they should be sufficient in number and
their constituents should be faithful to the nation in
which they live.”
7. A special Subcommittee on the Protection of
Minority Rights appointed by
“The United Nations Human Rights Commission in 1946
defined the ‘minority’ as those “non-dominant groups
in a population which possess a wish to preserve stable
ethnic, religious and linguistic traditions or
characteristics markedly different from those of the
rest of the population.”
8. Definition by Scholars.
J.A Laponce describes “Minority” as a group of persons
having different race, language, or religion from that of
majority of inhabitants
Macmillan and Free Press have published the International
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences. In the treatise, the word
minority has been defined as follows: "In any society, it is a
group which is different from the larger group, in terms of
race, nationality, religion or language. Each group thinks it
is distinct and looks down upon the other. As regards
political power is concerned, the situation is different. The
minorities are at the mercy of the larger group, which
discriminates against the smaller group.”
9. Definition by Different Dictionary
According to the new Encyclopedia Britannica,
“Minority is an aggregate of people who are distinct in
religion, language, or nationality from other members
of the society in which they live and who think of
themselves and are thought of by others as being
separate and distinct.”
The Oxford Dictionary defines minority as "the
condition or fact of being smaller, inferior, or
subordinate; smaller number or part; a number which
is less than half the whole number.
10. Types of Minority
A.Religious Minority
For example- In India Muslim, Christian, Sikhs , Bodhism
and other religions.
B. Linguistic Minority.
For Example- Bangali, Marathi , bodo etc.
C. Gender and sexual minority.
For Example- Women , Man , Transgender.
D. On the basis of Ethinicity, and Race.
For Example-Black and whites
E. Age Minority.
For Example-Child , Aged.
etc.
11.
12. Indian Context
The Ministry of Minority Affairs was carved out of
Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment and created on
29th January 2006 to ensure a more focused approach
towards issues relating to the notified minority
communities namely Muslim, Christian, Buddhist, Sikhs,
Parsis and Jain. A meaningful conception of minorities
would include sections of people who, on account of their
non-dominant position in the country as a whole, are
targets of discrimination and therefore deserving of special
consideration.
13. Statistics regarding religious
Minority.
HINDU 79.80% 96.62 Crore Majority
ISLAM 14.23% 17.22 Crore Minority
CHRISTIAN 2.30% 2.78 Crore Minority
Sikh 1.72% 2.08 Crore Minority
Buddhism 0.70% 84.73 Lakhs Minority
Jainism 0.37% 44.52 Lakhs Minority
Other Religion 0.66% 79.38 Lakhs
14. Crimes against Minority .
Communal violence
Ethinicity and Race biasness.
Masacare and discrimination against lower cast.
Showing agitations against LGBT.
Atrocities on the basis of Casteism. Etc.
15. Rights of Minorities
Article 27 of ICCPR .
UN Declaration of 18th December, 1992.
Article 01
Article 02
Article 03
Article 04.
16. Article 27 ICCPR
Article 27 of the International
Convention on Civil and Political
Rights gives them the following rights
– ‘
‘In those states in which ethnic, religious or
linguistic minorities exist, persons belonging
to such minorities shall not be denied the
right, a community with the other members
of the group, to enjoy their own culture, to
profess and practice their own religion or to
use their own language’.
17. Continue
As per the interpretation of the Article
following rights have been conferred on the
minorities.
1. To enjoy their own culture,
2. To profess and practice their own religion,
or to use their
3. To use their own language.
18. United
Nations Declaration on the
Rights of Persons belonging
to National or Ethnic, Religious
and Linguistic Minorities.
18 December 1992
19. Article 1.
States must protect the existence of
minorities.
Minorities have right to be protected
against the measures which are being
taken against the existency of them.
State and related authorities are
responsible for it.
20. Article 02
Minorities should not have to hide away their
cultures, languages and religions.
Persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and
linguistic minorities (hereinafter referred to as
persons belonging to minorities) have the right to
enjoy their own culture, to profess and practise their
own religion, and to use their own language, in
private and in public, freely and without interference
or any form of discrimination.
21. Article2.2
Minorities have the right to participate
fully in every aspect of society.
Persons belonging to minorities have the right to
participate effectively in cultural, religious, social, economic
and public life.
22. Article2.3
Political participation enables the voices of
minorities to be heard.
Persons belonging to minorities have the
right to participate effectively in decisions
on the national and, where appropriate,
regional level concerning the minority to
which they belong or the regions in which
they live, in a manner not incompatible with
national legislation.
23. Article 04
Those belonging to minorities must be able to
enjoy all their human rights, not just
minority rights.
States shall take measures where required to ensure
that persons belonging to minorities may exercise fully
and effectively all their human rights and fundamental
freedoms without any discrimination and in full
equality before the law.
24. Article 4.2
States are required to take positive action to help
minority cultures flourish.
States shall take measures to create favourable
conditions to enable persons belonging to minorities to
express their characteristics and to develop their
culture, language, religion, traditions and customs,
except where specific practices are in violation of
national law and contrary to international standards.
25. Rights given in Indian Constitution
Indian Constitution
Article 25
Article 29(1),(2)
Article 30 (1),(2)
Concept of Secularism, Democracy
Right to have Equality as well as
Equity.
26. Article 25
All persons are equally
entitled to freedom of
conscience and the right
freely to profess, practise and
propagate religion.
27.
28. Article 29(1)
Any section of the citizens
residing in the territory of
India or any part there of
having a distinct language,
script or culture of its own
shall have the right to
conserve the same
29. Article 29(2)
No citizen shall be denied
admission into any educational
institution maintained by the
State or receiving aid out of
State funds on grounds only of
religion, race, caste, language or
any of them.
30. Article 30(1)
1.All minorities, whether based
on religion or language, shall
have the right to establish and
administer educational
institutions of their choice.
31. Article 30 (2)
The state shall not, in granting aid
to educational institutions,
discriminate against any
educational institution on the
ground that it is under the
management of a minority, whether
based on religion or language
32. Social work intervention/Initiatives
Awareness generation
A. By doing IPC/ Group Meetings
B. By performing a skit/ by showing movies
Concept of Secularism.
Concept of Democracy.
By sensitizing Regarding
a. Fraternity B. Integrity C. Equality
33. We can go through the Functions of Social work as per
the level of Minority Rights Violation or Need of
Minority Rights .
01.Curative.
02.Preventive.
03.Rehabilitative.
04.Development.
05.Correctional.
34. Government
Intervention/Initiatives
The Ministry of Minority to ensure a more focused
approach towards issues relating to the notified
minority communities namely Muslim, Christian,
Buddhist, Sikhs, Parsis and Jain. The mandate of the
Ministry includes formulation of overall policy and
planning, coordination, evaluation and review of the
regulatory framework and development programmes
for the benefit of the minority communities.
35. Continue…
Under this initiative there are many more schemes and
programmes which would very beneficial for the
Minority Groups of country .It provides :-
01.Educational Empowerment
Under this a lots of scholarship and free coaching
facilities have been provided .
02.Economic Empowerment.
Skill Development schemes , concession in different
financial assistance etc .
37. Conclusion
So after the whole discussion and definition we can
conclude that Minorities are the universal component
of every society. Their culture, values language or any
socially accepted concepts are different from the
majority but we all are human and we must know that
all have some basic human rights not only on the
paper but also it must be in our behaviour because we
all have the same goal to have an Egalitarian society ,
and by doing this definitely we will minimize the
chance of not having it ..
