This document analyzes the socioeconomic, political, and security issues related to the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. It discusses how decolonization divided the region along religious lines and led to rising nationalism. Both states claim sovereignty over Kashmir and have fought multiple wars, while human rights abuses have been committed on both sides. The key actors involved include the governments of India, Pakistan, and Kashmir as well as non-state groups. The dispute continues to impact regional stability and security due to ongoing tensions and cross-border terrorism.
And another one for my Political Science class. Better see this if you are an ignorant person who does not know stuff about Independent India's longest conflict.
Most of the international conflicts lie in the Asia-Pacific region. This presentation touches upon the conflicts of the area with causes and solutions.
And another one for my Political Science class. Better see this if you are an ignorant person who does not know stuff about Independent India's longest conflict.
Most of the international conflicts lie in the Asia-Pacific region. This presentation touches upon the conflicts of the area with causes and solutions.
past security policies of Pakistan during its formative phase.Geo strategics environment of Pakistan during its formation.objectives of Pakistan policy.Afghan war and Pakistan policies.
Link: http://bit.ly/fatareport | Reports and Photographs from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in Pakistan.
Published in November 2014, the report features photos taken by young photographers from FATA, examples of everyday life in Mohmand, Khyber, Kurram and South Waziristan agencies. Images of the iconic Khyber Pass and many towns along the border with Afghanistan lend a real-life dimension to this largely unknown, and often ignored or misrepresented region of Pakistan. In a part of the world where photography is uncommon, these photographs depict subtle interactions of FATA citizens at work, at school and during informal moments throughout the tribal areas.
The report text, entitled "The Struggle for Rights and Reforms in Pakistan's Tribal Areas" describes the history and trajectory of reform demands made by Pakistani citizens, civil society groups and the people of FATA. Also included are quotes from citizens and political leaders, collected to show opinions and visions for the future of FATA. Voices included demonstrate a strong desire for equal rights and equal participation in the context of Pakistan's evolving democracy.
For those who know the tribal areas well, this report may serve as a reminder of the great number of Pakistanis working for a brighter future for FATA. For those previously not aware of the political activities in FATA, the report may provide a new and unique glimpse at the diverse richness of the culture and people in Pakistan's tribal areas.
The 75 photographs were carefully selected from over 1,000 that were submitted for review. All are from young photographers between the ages of 17 and 30, from varied socio-economic backgrounds in FATA. Without their efforts and talent, the report would not have been possible. Many thanks to the photographers--and those featured in their work--for the privilege of sharing these images and the stories they tell.
Photographers: Alimgir Khan, Ammad Ahmed Khan, Azmatullah, Faryal Mohmmand, Faisal Khan, Huma Gul, Irfan Ali, Jebran Yousefzia, Rizwan Bhittani, Rohida, Saba Rehman, Sara Qayum, Seema Gul and Shah Jehan.
This presentation is prepared for the Graduation students to get basic idea and general information’s regarding the topic. Overall content of presentations is not through and complete, also required further additions.
Early warning System Disaster ManagementVraj Pandya
Description on early warning technologies in Earth quake, flood cyclone and various other characteristics are provided here, it would be quite beneficial for you people to use it. there is no simple copy paste, its really amazing and useful
past security policies of Pakistan during its formative phase.Geo strategics environment of Pakistan during its formation.objectives of Pakistan policy.Afghan war and Pakistan policies.
Link: http://bit.ly/fatareport | Reports and Photographs from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in Pakistan.
Published in November 2014, the report features photos taken by young photographers from FATA, examples of everyday life in Mohmand, Khyber, Kurram and South Waziristan agencies. Images of the iconic Khyber Pass and many towns along the border with Afghanistan lend a real-life dimension to this largely unknown, and often ignored or misrepresented region of Pakistan. In a part of the world where photography is uncommon, these photographs depict subtle interactions of FATA citizens at work, at school and during informal moments throughout the tribal areas.
The report text, entitled "The Struggle for Rights and Reforms in Pakistan's Tribal Areas" describes the history and trajectory of reform demands made by Pakistani citizens, civil society groups and the people of FATA. Also included are quotes from citizens and political leaders, collected to show opinions and visions for the future of FATA. Voices included demonstrate a strong desire for equal rights and equal participation in the context of Pakistan's evolving democracy.
For those who know the tribal areas well, this report may serve as a reminder of the great number of Pakistanis working for a brighter future for FATA. For those previously not aware of the political activities in FATA, the report may provide a new and unique glimpse at the diverse richness of the culture and people in Pakistan's tribal areas.
The 75 photographs were carefully selected from over 1,000 that were submitted for review. All are from young photographers between the ages of 17 and 30, from varied socio-economic backgrounds in FATA. Without their efforts and talent, the report would not have been possible. Many thanks to the photographers--and those featured in their work--for the privilege of sharing these images and the stories they tell.
Photographers: Alimgir Khan, Ammad Ahmed Khan, Azmatullah, Faryal Mohmmand, Faisal Khan, Huma Gul, Irfan Ali, Jebran Yousefzia, Rizwan Bhittani, Rohida, Saba Rehman, Sara Qayum, Seema Gul and Shah Jehan.
This presentation is prepared for the Graduation students to get basic idea and general information’s regarding the topic. Overall content of presentations is not through and complete, also required further additions.
Early warning System Disaster ManagementVraj Pandya
Description on early warning technologies in Earth quake, flood cyclone and various other characteristics are provided here, it would be quite beneficial for you people to use it. there is no simple copy paste, its really amazing and useful
The process of engendering the Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism (CEWARN) of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) began already during the process of developing the methodology for CEWARN (for a summary of important dates see Appendix I). Shortly before CEWARN was ratified by its member-states and signed into protocol in January 2002, IGAD held a workshop on Placing Gender in the Mainstream: IGAD Police Seminar on Peace Building and Conflict Resolution in Khartoum, Sudan (15-16 Oct 2001).
Conflict in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Lesson 3 of 4
In this lesson, we spent some time exploring the causes of the Northern Irish conflict on our own, with the aid of our iPads. After our presentations, we looked a bit more closely at the factors that caused the Northern Irish conflict, known as The Troubles.
Fortune mlilo presentation early warning signalsFortune Mlilo
This is a presentation about understanding the nature of conflicts and events that precede violent eruptions. Violent conflict manifestations are a result of political, economic and social issues that interplay. It is therefore essential to keep a close watch on these dynamics and how they could end up in violent expressions.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Political development in federally administered tribalSalman
The paper titled as Political Development in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA): A step to Minimizing and Radicalization written by Umar Sajjad and was published in Research Journal of Fata Research Center Name as TIGAH Volume 3
KILLER CLASSROOMS
The murder of a 7-year-old boy in a prominent school in Gurugram shocks the nation and raises serious questions about safety and security for school children. A Special Report
Presentation on War on Terror in FATA, PakistanUroojilyas3
This presentation talks about the history of the war on terror in Federally Administrative Tribal Areas (FATA), Pakistan. This Presentation helps with how to apply Conflict Profiling and do conflict analysis.
Early Warning Analysis for Human Preparedness and Conflict In Kashmir
1. EARLY WARNING ANALYSIS FOR HUMAN
PREPAREDNESS AND CONFLICT PREVENTION
IN KASHMIR
By Suzette Lewis, Sarah McKenzie, Troy Powell Jas Palta
and Ashlyn Exeley
2. SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
• Decolonization created
new structures
o Introduction to
‘nationalism’ in India
sharpened religious divide
o Effect of combining
numerous kingdoms and
fiefdoms into two states
• Rise of political
consciousness
• Legislated human rights
violations (ie Armed
Forces Special Powers Act
1990)
• Insurgency
o Internal jihadists until
1995 when externals were
introduced
• Bad leadership
• Build-up of military
• Lack of rule of law Ethnic
Identity
• Split between Muslims
(majority) and Hindu
(minority rulers)
3. STATE AND INSTITUTIONS
India:
- democratic
- starting to privatize in
response to fast economic
growth
- nuclear state
Pakistan:
- Unstable democracy
- in the process of
constitutional reform
- historically military rule
- weak judiciary
- nuclear state
Kashmir:
India-administered Kashmir
- state constitution
- elected government
(questionable)
Pakistan-administered
Kashmir
- administered by Pakistan
- no democratic
representation
4. REGIONAL/INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION
History of Settlements,
Coastal Settlements from
1501-1709. British East
India Company
(Monopolistic arm of the
British government) Came
in like other mercantile
forms into port cities where
they traded for textiles.)
Biggest cities of India
created during this time.
As the political vacuums in
India spread Britain got
more aggressive. Mid
1700s East India Company
won a territorial dispute
over a Bengali Kingdom.
1857: Rebellion : reaction to British rule over princely
states. (British East India Company Kept subsuming
states)
Reaction to this is that the crown replaced the East India
Company as the custodian of these states.
Russian Empire and British Expansion
Afghanistan remained as a buffer state.
Post WWI fight for Independence. (India wanted
recognition after fighting)
British concern was paramount in and around borders
Maharaj's Prince's were giving leeway in what countries
they would join, The Maharaj of Kashmir was torn
(would've preferred to be an independent state)
Countered by both Pakistan and India.
1947 Pakistan sends in irregulars, training them to
overrun Kashmir militarily
Maharaj intends to Join Jammu and Kashmir to India.
First war between India and Pakistan. (Indian sends in
military) Ultimately agree to a cease fire line. (Line of
Control)
Pakistan is determined to gain the territory. Fight again
1965. Pakistan starts sending in militants to try to
convince the Kashmiri to rise up again India (Islam
majority) India finds out and sends its army across the
border and in to Pakistan. Indo-Pakistan war 1965 5
weeks
5. REGIONAL/INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION
Results
Both countries take
territory from each other.
Both countries run out of
ammunition. (US
embargo)
China India and
Pakistani (Trilateral
ownership), Indus Water
Treaty, (River Navigation,
Power Generation) Out
of state sponsoring of
Terrorists, Arms
smuggling. Mutual Indian
and Pakistani accusation
of "illegal" ownership and
disputed territory.
Terrorism, and Ex-State
Sponsors (Politically,
Arms etc)
9. HUMAN RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES
The human rights record of the
Indian security forces in
Kashmir characterized by
arbitrary arrests, torture, rape
and extrajudicial killings. These
have been extensively
documented by human rights
organizations such as Human
Rights Watch and the PUCL
(Union for Civil Liberties) and
others. Most of these violations
routinely go unchecked and
unpunished, "justified" as
unavoidable in a proxy war
managed by Pakistan; only a
handful cases have been
brought to justice by due
process. Often, New Delhi's
response to the reports by
various human rights
organizations has been evasive.
2477 civilians had been killed by
the Indian forces in the period
1990-1998 (PTI release, 13
September 1998), according to
conservative estimates by official
sources which mostly exclude
thousands of custodial killings. In
April 1997, the Minister of State
for Home Affairs admitted that
454 persons were missing since
1990.
10. HUMAN RIGHTS CIVIL LIBERTIES CONT
Indian Perspective-India sought to
suppress he resistance with a massive use
of force killings hundreds of innocent
men/women/ children in the year it began,
1989. The continued repression led
Kashmir youth to militancy. Jihadi forces in
the Region already in battle harness and
looking for conflict helped out/ the
resistance was not created "de novo"(new
beginnings). More than 60,000 Kashmiris
have been killed since 1989 directly at the
hands of over 600,000 Indian troops or in
hostilities undertaken on their behalf by the
state security apparatus and renegade
militias. Thousands lie in jail subject to
torture, and custodial deaths. Frequent
reports fo gang rapes of women by
Indians forces. Deliberate burning down of
entire local villages. A number of laws
dating back to the 70's have been
restricted-Public Safety Act 1979/Terrorist
and Disruptive Activities Act 1987/ Armed
Forces special Powers Act 1990. Its
Judicial System has become utterly
dysfunctional
11. ACTORS
Pakistan – state government
India – state government
Kashmir – regional government
UK - during partition/accession, the
UK brokered separation of India
and Pakistan (Indian Independence
Act)
China - shared border
Islamist groups - Muslim cause
(Afghanistan)
UN – UN Security Council
resolutions supporting a plebiscite
to determine disposition of Kashmir
World Bank – Indus Water Treaty
US - war on terror
British East India Company –
historical legacy
12. SECURITY
Training was provided in
Afghanistan in Al-Qaeda training
camps
- 9/11 Terrorist attacks were linked
to Taliban soldiers, which were
founded and supported by Pakistan
- Pakistan openly admitted
supported these terrorist factions
- Taliban forces turned on Kashmir
later on in 2001, and attacked state
parliaments in Kashmir, along with
Indian central parliament, in New
Delhi
On the surface, a peace process
and a cease-fire order is in the
works to reduce tensions, however
conflicts between ownership rights
to Kashmir cause great security
Pakistan's take on the issue with India regarding Kashmir:
o Accession to Kashmir by India was illegal
o India is in illegal possession of Kashmir
- This continual issue allows Pakistan to legitimize is role in
aiding and funding the Pakistan military and intelligence
forces. It also allows them to fund Kashmiri terrorist that hide
out in the Kashmir Valley
India argues that Pakistan is illegally in possession of certain
territories within Kashmir and that is the reason for India’s
Aggression
- Kashmir is central to India’s security for several reasons:
o Cross-Border terrorism between Jammu and Kashmir into
India, funded and enforced by Pakistan is the cause of much
of the tension
o Heightened security concerns because both countries are
in possess of nuclear arms
o Part of Kashmir under control of Pakistan has been
surrendered to China, making this conflict a trilateral issue.
o Beijing launched an attack on India in 1962, disputes
between the regions and countries still exist
o Security issues regarding natural resources, including
water, power and navigation projects and theft of such
resources or attacks on by terrorists are reason for concern