Staphylococcus ppt 2.ppt
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This document provides information on Staphylococcus bacteria. It discusses that there are over 61 Staphylococcus species, with important pathogenic species being S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, and S. pseudointermedius. It describes characteristics of Staphylococcus such as being low G+C content, clustering in grapelike formations, and producing catalase. Location, transmission, diseases caused, and virulence factors of several Staphylococcus species are summarized.
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Staphylococcus
This document summarizes key information about the genus Staphylococcus. It describes Staphylococcus as low G+C, gram-positive cocci that grow in grapelike clusters and are catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Several important Staphylococcus species are identified, including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus. The document outlines the pathogenesis, virulence factors like toxins and enzymes, diseases caused like skin and soft tissue infections, and diagnostic testing and treatment approaches for Staphylococcus.
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The document discusses Staphylococcus bacteria, including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus. S. aureus is a common cause of skin infections and abscesses. It produces toxins that can cause food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. Treatment involves draining infections and antibiotics like penicillins, though antibiotic resistance is a problem. Prevention focuses on hygiene and proper wound care.
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This document provides information on the genus Staphylococcus. It discusses the morphology, classification, virulence factors, and diseases caused by Staphylococcus species. Some key points include:
- Staphylococcus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria that forms grapelike clusters and includes major human pathogens.
- Important virulence factors include toxins like alpha toxin, enterotoxins, and exfoliative toxins. Enzymes and surface proteins also contribute to pathogenesis.
- Major diseases caused by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus include mastitis, tick pyemia, exudative dermatitis, and botryomycosis in various animal
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The document discusses various types of skin and soft tissue infections including impetigo, abscesses, cellulitis, and erysipelas. It describes the typical causative bacteria, clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment for each type of infection. Key points covered include how Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are the most common causes. Proper diagnosis involves considering patient history and symptoms, and treatment often involves antibiotics as well as surgical drainage or debridement for more severe cases such as necrotizing fasciitis.
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Staphylococcus is a genus of bacteria that can cause a variety of infections in humans. S. aureus is one of the most common causes and produces toxins like enterotoxins that can lead to food poisoning. It also produces exfoliative toxins that cause skin infections like impetigo and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) that causes toxic shock syndrome. Treatment involves penicillin or other antibiotics, but some strains have developed resistance.
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Staphylococcus is a genus of bacteria that can cause a variety of infections in humans. S. aureus is one of the most common causes and produces toxins like enterotoxins that can lead to food poisoning. It also produces exfoliative toxins that cause skin infections like impetigo and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) that causes toxic shock syndrome. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin but many strains have developed resistance.
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Staphylococcus
This document summarizes key information about the genus Staphylococcus. It describes Staphylococcus as low G+C, gram-positive cocci that grow in grapelike clusters and are catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Several important Staphylococcus species are identified, including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus. The document outlines the pathogenesis, virulence factors like toxins and enzymes, diseases caused like skin and soft tissue infections, and diagnostic testing and treatment approaches for Staphylococcus.
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The document discusses Staphylococcus bacteria, including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus. S. aureus is a common cause of skin infections and abscesses. It produces toxins that can cause food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. Treatment involves draining infections and antibiotics like penicillins, though antibiotic resistance is a problem. Prevention focuses on hygiene and proper wound care.
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This document provides information on the genus Staphylococcus. It discusses the morphology, classification, virulence factors, and diseases caused by Staphylococcus species. Some key points include:
- Staphylococcus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria that forms grapelike clusters and includes major human pathogens.
- Important virulence factors include toxins like alpha toxin, enterotoxins, and exfoliative toxins. Enzymes and surface proteins also contribute to pathogenesis.
- Major diseases caused by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus include mastitis, tick pyemia, exudative dermatitis, and botryomycosis in various animal
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The document discusses various types of skin and soft tissue infections including impetigo, abscesses, cellulitis, and erysipelas. It describes the typical causative bacteria, clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment for each type of infection. Key points covered include how Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are the most common causes. Proper diagnosis involves considering patient history and symptoms, and treatment often involves antibiotics as well as surgical drainage or debridement for more severe cases such as necrotizing fasciitis.
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Staphylococcus is a genus of bacteria that can cause a variety of infections in humans. S. aureus is one of the most common causes and produces toxins like enterotoxins that can lead to food poisoning. It also produces exfoliative toxins that cause skin infections like impetigo and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) that causes toxic shock syndrome. Treatment involves penicillin or other antibiotics, but some strains have developed resistance.
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Staphylococcus is a genus of bacteria that can cause a variety of infections in humans. S. aureus is one of the most common causes and produces toxins like enterotoxins that can lead to food poisoning. It also produces exfoliative toxins that cause skin infections like impetigo and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) that causes toxic shock syndrome. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin but many strains have developed resistance.
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Organisms Causing Systemic MycosesObjectives -.docx
This document discusses four systemic dimorphic fungi - Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It describes their characteristic morphologies in both mold and yeast phases, geographic distributions, diseases caused, methods of identification including culture characteristics and microscopy, and safety precautions for working with them. Proper identification requires demonstrating both mold and yeast phases as well as other tests such as exoantigen testing and molecular techniques.
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1. A case of cutaneous protothecosis caused by the algae Prototheca wickerhamii in an immunocompromised patient.
2. A case of cutaneous zygomycosis caused by the fungus Rhizopus in a neutropenic patient.
3. A case of cutaneous alternariosis and candidiasis in a lung transplant recipient.
4. A case of disseminated penicilliosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Penicillium marneffei in an HIV-positive patient presenting with skin lesions.
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This document provides information on Staphylococcus, including:
- It is a gram positive coccus that occurs in grape-like clusters and was first observed in human lesions.
- Major species that colonize human skin include S. epidermidis and S. aureus.
- It is a facultative anaerobe that grows well on blood agar and produces beta hemolytic colonies. Identification involves gram staining and tests like catalase and coagulase.
- It can cause a variety of infections like skin abscesses, pneumonia, osteomyelitis and toxic shock syndrome. Virulence factors include adhesins, enzymes, and exotoxins. Antibiotic resistance is common.
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INTRODUCTION
Oral and maxillofacial infections are commonly caused by teeth they are referred as odontogenic infections.
The etiological agents may be bacteria viruses or fungi.
The infection may spread directly from the tooth or secondary infections of cyst or tumours or infection of surgical wound or by contaminated needles.
Infection may be defined as invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, especially that causing local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response.
Aerobic bacteria
Gram positive cocci –
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S.Mutans
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Acute stage - 3 forms
1.Abscess
2.cellulitis
3.fulminating infection
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Here the infection involves secondary spaces involving vital structures.
Chronic stage
C/c fistulous tract or sinus formation
Abscesses neglected for a long time may discharge intraorally or extra orally
Spread of oral infection
Routes of spread
Direct continuity through tissues
By lymphatics to the lymph nodes.From lymph nodes to tissues results in secondary areas of cellulitis or tissue space abscess.
By blood stream-local thrombophlebitis may spread via the veins entering the cranial cavity producing cavernous sinus thrombosis. It may cause septicemia.
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¯
Inflammation, edema & lack of collateral
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¯
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¯
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- It is a facultative anaerobe that grows well on blood agar and produces beta hemolytic colonies. Identification involves gram staining and tests like catalase and coagulase.
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Infection- microbiology and pathology in orofacial infection
INTRODUCTION
Oral and maxillofacial infections are commonly caused by teeth they are referred as odontogenic infections.
The etiological agents may be bacteria viruses or fungi.
The infection may spread directly from the tooth or secondary infections of cyst or tumours or infection of surgical wound or by contaminated needles.
Infection may be defined as invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, especially that causing local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response.
Aerobic bacteria
Gram positive cocci –
Streptococcus species
S.Milleri
S.sanguis
S.Salivarius
S.Mutans
Staphylococcus species
Gram negative cocci –
Neisseria spp.
- N. subflava
N. sicca
Gram positive rods-
Dipetheroids
Lactobacillus spp
Gram negative rods-
Moraxella catarrhalis
Actinobacilllus actinomycetemcomitans
Campylobacter spp.
Capnocytophaga spp.
Eikenella corodens
Helicobactor pylori
Anaerobic bacteria
Gram positive cocci –
Peptococcus species
Pepto Streptococcus species
Gram pasitive bacilli –
Actinomycosis spp
Eubacterium spp
Gram negative species-
veillonella spp.
Gram negative bacilli-
Bacteroids
Prevotella species
Porphyromonas species
Fusobacterium
There are three stages in progression of acute odontogenic infections
Stage I – Innoculation
Stage II – Cellulitis
Stage III – Abscess
Stage IV – Space infection
TYPES
Acute stage - 3 forms
1.Abscess
2.cellulitis
3.fulminating infection
FULMINATING INFECTIONS
Here the infection involves secondary spaces involving vital structures.
Chronic stage
C/c fistulous tract or sinus formation
Abscesses neglected for a long time may discharge intraorally or extra orally
Spread of oral infection
Routes of spread
Direct continuity through tissues
By lymphatics to the lymph nodes.From lymph nodes to tissues results in secondary areas of cellulitis or tissue space abscess.
By blood stream-local thrombophlebitis may spread via the veins entering the cranial cavity producing cavernous sinus thrombosis. It may cause septicemia.
Invasion of dental pulp by bacteria after
decay of a tooth
¯
Inflammation, edema & lack of collateral
blood supply
¯
Venous congestion or avascular necrosis
(pulpal tissue death)
¯
Reservoir of bacterial growth(anaerobic)
¯
Periodic egress of bacteria into surrounding
alveolar bone
Factors influencing spread
General factors
Host resistance
Virulance of micro organism
Combination of both
Local factors
Anatomic barriers-
Alveolar bone
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/RvdYsTzgQq8
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/ECILGWtgZko
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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Staphylococcus ppt 2.ppt
- 2. Staphylococceae family Low G + C Cocci (spheres) Grapelike clusters 3 planes 1 micrometer diameter FA Nonmotile, NSF Halotoerant Catalase (+) Oxidase (-) +/- fermentation
- 3. Staphylococcus species 61 species Important S. aureus S. epidermidis S. saprophyticus S. pseudointermedius Others S. haemolyticus S. capitus S. hominis S. xylosis S. warneri
- 4. Cell Wall
- 5. Location Ubiquitous Normal flora Skin Mouth Nose Throat Predisposing factors Immunosuppression Concurrent disease AB resistance
- 6. Epidemiology Normal microbiotica Direct transmission Portal of Entry Hair follicle Break in skin Respiratory Complications Bacteremia Septicemia Abscess
- 8. Pathogenesis Immune evasion Slime layer biofilm (microcapsule) Evades phagocytosis Protein A on cell wall Binds to IgG @ Fc Blocks opsonization Adhesin proteins Binds to fibrin/fibrinogen Binds to ECM laminin fibronectin collagen
- 9. Enzymes Coagulase Catalase Hyaluronidase Lipase Beta lactamase Staphylokinase (plasminogen activator) Proteases DNase FAME (fatty acid modifying enzyme)
- 10. Staphylococcus Toxins Cytolytic Toxins Alpha = β hemolysis Beta = sphingomyelinase Delta Gamma Leukocidin = hemolysis Leukotoxin = WBC destruction Exfoliative toxin ETA and ETB Protease & esterase activity Toxic Shock toxins Enterotoxins (A-E)
- 11. Superantigens Enterotoxin Food poisoning, V/D TSS if B or C antigenic type TSST-1: desquamation; TSS
- 13. Staph aureus Location Mucous membranes Moist areas Diseases Noninvasive Food poisoning Enterotoxin (V/D) Cutaneous Scalded skin Impetigo Folliculitis Boils, styes, furunculosis Systemic Soft tissue infections
- 14. Systemic Staph. aureus infections TSS Bacteremia Endocarditis Pneumonia Meningitis Osteomyelitis Septic arthritis UTI Phlebitis
- 16. S. aureus Dx Isolation DDx MRSA/VRSA Tx AB based on culture Prevention Wound cleansing Hand washing
- 17. MRSA Hosptial associated Community assoc.
- 18. AMA/CDC poster
- 19. VRSA vanA operon from enterococcus changes cell wall tripeptide sequence
- 20. Opportunistic Staph pathogens S. capitis S. epidermidis S. saprophyticus S. xylosis
- 21. S. epidermidis Location Normal skin flora opportunistic pathogen Skin/wound infections Endocarditis UTI Exposure Direct contact Newborns Elderly Fomites Catheters Shunts IV needles Prosthetics
- 22. S. saprophyticus Pathogenesis Fimbria Adhesion proteins Autolysins Diseases UTI/cystitis Peritonitis Enopthalmitis Endocaritis Septic arthritis
- 23. S. xylosus Commensal Industry Ferment meat Red color of sausage Ferment milk Orange color of cheese Pathogenicity Biofilms Enterotoxins Disease Nosocomial UTI Food poisoning (raw)
- 24. S. capitis Epidemiology Skin microbiotica Head predominantly Pathogenicity Coagulase (-) AB resistance Diseases Valvular endocarditis Neonatal septicemia Osteomyelitis
- 25. S. pseudointermedius Animal microbiotica Epidemiology Zoonotic Enterotoxins +/- coagulase Diseases Pyoderma (animals) Food poisoning
- 26. Rapid Staph test
- 27. Immunology Hyperimmune serum Capsular proteins Surface adhesins Vaccination At risk population ESRD Dialysis patients Premature infants StaphVAX Capsular proteins Exotoxin A (Ps. Aeurginosa)
- 28. Questions?