The document provides an overview of Staphylococcus, a genus of gram-positive cocci notable for causing a range of infections from mild to severe. Key topics include historical background, morphological characteristics, types of diseases, laboratory diagnosis, treatment methods, and prevention strategies. Staphylococcal infections are common and can lead to serious conditions such as pneumonia, skin infections, and bacteremia.

1. DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
SANKAGIRI
SUBJECT:MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY
TOPIC:STAPHYLOCOCCUS
SUBJECT INCHARGE: SUBMITTED BY:
Dr.R.MYTHILI, USHA DEVI ARUMUGAM,
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT, III B.SC., Microbiology,
assistant professor, Department of Microbiology,
Department of Microbiology, Sankagiri,
Sankagiri,

2. Staphylococcus

3. SYNOPSIS
 INTROUCTION
 HISTORY
 MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERS
 CHARACTERISTIC AND FEATURES
 DISEASES
 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
 TREATMENT
 PREVENTION
 REFERENCE

4. INTRODUTION
 Staphylococcus
 FAMILY : Micrococceae
 (consists of Gram positive coci)
 Genus : Staphylococcus
 (Greek-Staphyle – Bunch of grapies)
 Coccus – Berry
 Staphylococcus are Gram positive coci, arranged in Tetrads and Cluster .
0.5-1.5 um in diameter

5. HISTORY
 ROBERT KOCH-(1878)-First to see Staphylococci
in Pus specimen.
 LOUIS PASTER-(1880)-First to cultivation in
liquid medium.
 SIR ALEXANDER ONGSTON(1881)-Named the
bacteria as Staphylococcus.

6. MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL
CHARACTERS
 Gram- positive cocci
 Non-motile
 Non –spore-former
 Indole- negative
 Methyle-red positive
 VP- negative
 Urease- positive
 Nitrate- Positive
 Gelatin-Hydrolysis-positive
 Phosphatase- positive
 Coagulase- positive
 Fermentation of glucose- positive
 Mannitol- positive

7. CHARACTERISTIC AND FEATURES
 Few strain produce microcapsule or slime
 Optimum PH for growth is 7-7.5
 Optimum temperature is 30-37℃
 S.epidermidis produces white colonies on
nutrient agar and non-Beta-haemolytic colony
on blood agar.S.aureus utilizes potassium tellurite
and converts it into telluramine .
 It is a black-coloured compound.

8. STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION AFFECTS THE BODY

9. Staphylococcal Diseases
 Staphylococcal infections are among the most common of bacterial infections
and range from the trivial to the fatal.
 Staphylococcal infection are characterized by localized pyogenic lesions.
 Skin
Folliculitis
Furuncle abscess (Breast abscess)
wound infection
impetigo
cellulitis
carbunck
Musculoskeletal
Osteomyelitis
Arthritis

10.  Bursitis
 pyomyositis
 Respiratory tract infection
 Tonsillitis
 Pharyngitis
 Sinusitis
 otitis – affect ear
 Broncho pnenumonia
 Lung abscess
 Empyema

11.  CNS –Central Nerves System
 Abscess
 Meningitis
 Thrombophlebitis
 Endo vascular infections
 Bacteremia
 Septicemia
 Pyemia
 Endocarditis

12.  Urinary tract infection :
 Urinary isolates of staphylococci are to be
considered signification even with low colony
counts, as they may be related to bacteremia.

13. DISEASES
FOLLICULITIS-A SMALL RED BUMB
DEVELOPS AT HAIR FOLLICLE,HAIR CAN BE PULLED
FROM ITS FOLLICLE

14.  FURUNCLE-infection in follicle spreads to
adjacent tissues causing localized
redness,swelling

15.  CARBUNCLE-a large area of redness,swelling and
pain
 CELLULITIS-infection in subcutaneous tissue
with inflammation

16.  STYE-infection in eyelid

17. OTHER INFECTIONS
 Sinusitis
 Pneumonia
 Impetigo
 Bacteraemia
 Endocarditis
 Osteomyelitis
 Scalded skin syndrome(SSS)
 Toxic shock syndrome(TSS)
 Cystitis
 Diarrhoea

18. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
 Specimens:
 Pus
 blood
 Sputum
 Urine
 Skin swab
 Microscopy
 Gram staining –appeared as gram positive
cocci.

19. Culture
 Aerobes and facultative anaerobes
 Opt. Temp. for growth=37 ℃
 Opt. PH for growth=7.5
 On Nutrient ager
 Golden yellow and opaque colonies with smooth
glistening surface,1-2 mm in diameter (max. pigment
production@22 ℃).
 On Blood agar,
 Golden yellow colonies, surrounded by a clear zone of
hemolysis (beta-hemolysis) ,esp. when incubated in sheep or
rabbit blood agar in atmosphere of 20%CO2.

20.  On MacConkey agae,
 - Smaller colonies than those on NA(0.1-0.5
mm) and are pink coloured due to lactose
fermentation
 On Mannitol salt agar,
 - S.aureus ferments mannitol and appear as
yellow colonies
 -MSA is a useful selective medium for
recovering S.aureus from faecal
specimens,when investigating food poisoning

21. Biochemical test
 S. aureus –Co-aggultination test
 coagulase -cloting
 Tube slide
Free coagulase Bound coagulase
Enzyme detection it is clumping factor Catalase +VE
*** Urea hydrolysis +VE

22. GRAM POSITIVE
 Cocci + Bacili_
 Catalase
 + _
 Staphylococcus Streptococcus
 Coagulase
 Staph aureus(+)
 S.epidermidis (_)

23. TREATMENT
 For Cutaneous infection,cloxacillin and
Dicloxacillin are highly effective,erythromycin
may also be used
 For serious systemic staphylococcus
infections,parenteral administration of nafcillin
or oxacillin is recommended.vancomycin or
cephalosporins are suitable for allergic patients

24. PREVENTION
 Wash your hands
 Keep wounds covered
 Reduce tampon risks
 Avoid sharing personal care items
 Cooking and storing food properly

25. REFERENCE
 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
 S.RAJAN

26. THANK YOU