in this slide fully deals with Staphylococci infection. And also it deals with morphology, epidemiology, pathogenic, prevention and treatment of Staphylococci infection. In morphology, it differentiate the cultural plates of pathogenic and non pathogenic Staphylococci organisms.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
2. Gam positive cocci arranged in grap- like clusters
Ubiquitous in nature
Most common cause of suppurative lesions in
humans
Potential pathogen due to its ability to develop
anitibiotic resistance
1871- Von Recklinghausen first observed
Staphylococci in human pyogenic lesions
3. Continu…….
1880- Pasteur isolated in liquid cultures from
pus and produced abscess by inoculating into
rabbits
1880- Alexander Ogston (Scotland
surgeon)named Staphylococci
Greek world : Staphyle – Bunch of grapes:
kokkos – berry
Pathogenic Staphylococci produce golden
yellow colonies
Non – pathogenic Staphylococci - white
colonies
4. Gram positive cocci:
In singles, pairs or irregularly as grape-
like clusterive ans.
Facultative anaerobe
Catalase positive bacteria
Comprised 40 species and subspecies
today
5. Family – Micrococcaceae
Genus – Micrococcus and Staphylococcus
Species – Staphylococcus aueus, S. citreus,
S.albus ect…
9. Devided into S. aureus subsp aureus
S. aureus subsp anaerobius
Morphology
Spherial cocci 1µm in diameter, arranged in a
grape like clusters
Cluster formation – cell division in 3 planes with
daughter cells in close proximity
Non –motile, non-sporing, mostly small amount
of capsular material seen in non-capsulated bacteria
10.
11. Grow readily on ordinary media
Optimum: 37°C, pH 7.4-7
Aerobe and Facultative anaerobe
Nutrient agar: large 2-4mm, circular, convex,
smooth, opaque an easy emulisifiable
Most strain produce golden yellow pigment, some
also white (creamy), orange or yellow pigments.
Pigment production is enhanced with 1% Glycerol
monoacetate or milk
Pigment : Lipoprotein allied to carotene
Agar slope : Confluent growth – “Oil paint
apperance”
12. Blood agar:
Hemolytic or non-hemolytic colonies
Most strains incubated with 20-25% CO2 are hemolytic
Which is marked on Rabbit or sheep blood
Human blood – antibiotic or inhibitors
Mac Conkey’s medium:
Very small pink lactose fermenting colonies
Liquid media: Uniform turbidity
Selective media:
It can tolerate 5-10% NaCl, LiCl, Telluritr & Polymyxin
Ludlam’s media – Lithium chloride & Tellurite
Mannitol salt agar
Milk salt agar or broth -810%NaCl
Baird –Parker agar: agar containing Plymyxin B
Primary isolation: Sheep Blood Agar Plate (S-BAP)
13.
14.
15. Indole test : -ve
Urease test : + ve
Methyl Red test : + ve
Voge- Prausker test : + ve
Catalase test : + ve
Modified oxidase test : -ve
Urea hydrolysis test : + ve
Gelatin liquefaction test : + ve
Lipolytic –dense opacity on egg agar
Phosphatase test : + ve (phenolphthalein
diphosphate on nutrient agar – exposed to ammina
vapour –turn pink color due to free Phenolphthalein)
16. Coagulase positive
Ferment mannitol
Clear hemolysis on Blood agar
Golden yellow pigment
Liquefy gelatin ; Produce phpsphatase
Potassium tellurite medium: Blackcolonies
17. PENICILLIN RESISTANCE - 3types:
Betalactamase production – Penicilinase
A,B,C,D
Changes in baccterial surface receptors binding
of beta lactam antibiotics
Development of tolerance to penicillin
18. 2 types of diseases
Infections
Intoxications
A number of Staphylococcal factors, both
cell
associated and ectracellular, have been identified,
which may influence virulence.
A. Cell wall associated polymers
B. Cell surface proteins
C. Toxins
D. Extracellular enzymes
20. Half of the cell wall weight is peptidoglycan
Subunits of peptidoglycan is N-Acetly
muramic acid (NAM) and N- Acetly
Glucosamine (NAG)
Unlike gram negative cell wall- Gram positive
cell wall has many cross- linked bridging
layers which makes the cell wall more rigid
(RIGID CELL WALL)
21. Species – specific Phosphate containing
polymers
Bound covalently to peptidoglycan layer or
through lipophobic linkage to the cytoplasmic
membrane (Lipo-teichoic acid)
It mediates attachment to mucosal surfaces
through its specific binding to Fibronectin
22. Commonly believed to be found in-vivo
Occasionally found when cultured in-vitro
11 cpsular serotypes identified in Staphylococcus
aureus.
Serotypes 5 or 8 –accounts for major infection
Protects by inhibiting chemotaxis and
phagocytosis by polymorphonuclesr
leukocytes
24. Surface of Staphylococcus aureus But not CONS
is specially coated with Protein A- covalently
linked to Peptidoglycan layer.
Has a unique affinity for binding Fc receptor
of Immunoglobulin IgG. Protein -A detection
is one of the specific test to detect
Staphylococcus aureus .
Protein –A coated Staphylococci used as non-
specific carrier of antibodies directed against
other antigens like Streptococci (Serology: Co-
agglutination test).
25. Another surface proteins, is the
“bound coagulase” which is responsible for the
slide coagulase test
26. Alpha toxin, beta toxin, delta toxin, gamma toxin
Panton –Valentine toxin
Exfoliative toxins A,B (Exfoliative dermatitis /
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome SSSS,
Food poisoning – preformed toxin 2- hr, self
limiting)
Super antigens:
Enterotoxins – 8 (A-E, G-I)
Toxic Shock Syndeome Toxin (TSST-1) – super
antigen- activates a number of T cells
27. Coagulase Reacting Factor (CRF) in plasma
Clumping factor (Bound coagulase) on the
outer surface
Binds Fibrinogen - converts it into insoluble
fibrin – clumping or aggregates.
primary test in identifying Staphylococcus
aureus
Other : Collagen binding protein, Elastin
binding protein, Fibronectin binding protein
28. Coagulase : Trigges blood clotting
Hyaluronidase: breaksdown Hyaluronic acid-
enables the bacteria to spread between cells
Staphylokinase : Dissolves fibrin threads in
blood clots- allows to free itself from blood
clots
Lipase : Digests lipids – allow them to grow
on skin surfaces and in cutaneous oil glands
Beta lactamase: breaks down penicillin –
resistant to beta lactam antibiotics like
penicillins and Cephalosporins
30. Central nervous sytem:
abscess, Meningitis,
Intracranial
thrombophlebitis
Endovascular:
Bacteremia, Septicemia,
Pyemia, Endocarditis
Urinary : Uncommon un
UTI, S.saprophyticus –
females common
(Novobiocin resistant)
31. Primary parasites of humans
Colonise skin glands and mucus membranes
Human patients and carriers – potent source of
infection
Animals and inanimate objects -less important
10- 30% healthy population –nasal carriers
10% perineal carriers, 10% hair carriers
5-10% Vaginal carriers
32. It carriage starts early in life, colonisation of
the umbilical stump being very common in
babies born in hospitals.
Shedders: these carriers disseminate large
numbers for prolonged period
Cocci shed by patients – contaminate fomites
like Hand kerchiefs, bed linen, blankets –
persists for days – weeks
Come from infected domestic animals such
as cows.
34. Hospital acquired infection
Multidrug resistant bugs
MRSA –Methicillin Resistant Staphyloccus
Aureus
Common cause of posoperative wound
infection
Hospital strains – hospital environment
Resistant – Beta lactam antibiotics as well as
antimicrobial agents
penicillin
35. Isolation of patients with open
staphylococcal lesions
Detection of staphylococcal lesions
among surgeons, nurses and other
hospital staff and keeping them away
from work till the lesions are healed
Following strict aseptic techniques in
theatres