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Within ecosystems, energy can be added, stored, or transferred through food chains. Producers, like plants, convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. Primary consumers, or herbivores, eat producers. Secondary consumers are carnivores that eat primary consumers. Tertiary consumers are large carnivores that eat secondary consumers or omnivores that eat both plants and other animals. Decomposers break down dead organic matter and release energy and nutrients back into the ecosystem. As energy passes between trophic levels some is lost as heat, so less energy is available at higher levels of the food chain.
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The document summarizes energy flow within ecosystems. It explains that energy enters ecosystems through producers like plants performing photosynthesis. Primary consumers or herbivores then eat producers, and secondary consumers eat primary consumers. Tertiary consumers feed on secondary consumers. When organisms die, decomposers break down organic material and use it as an energy source. Energy passes through food chains from producers to various consumer levels to decomposers, with some energy lost at each transfer. Food chains interconnect in food webs. An energy pyramid illustrates decreasing energy at higher trophic levels of a food chain.
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Energyflowinecosystems 110606120857-phpapp02
1) Photosynthetic organisms like plants capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy stored as organic molecules. This primary production determines how much energy is available in an ecosystem.
2) Organisms are assigned to trophic levels based on how they obtain energy. Producers are the first level, followed by primary, secondary, and sometimes tertiary consumers. Decomposers recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organisms.
3) Energy is lost at each trophic transfer as heat, so only about 10% of energy is passed up to the next level. This limits the number of trophic levels an ecosystem can support and results in fewer organisms at higher levels in the energy pyramid.
Relationshipsinecosystems 101208130129-phpapp02
Organisms depend on one another through food chains and webs. Producers like plants generate food from sunlight. Decomposers break down dead matter. Consumers include herbivores that eat plants, carnivores that eat other animals, and omnivores that eat both. Food chains show how energy passes from organism to organism as each is consumed. Overlapping food chains form food webs. Predators hunt prey for food. Energy pyramids illustrate that less energy is available at higher trophic levels.
Biopptonefficencyoftrophiclevels 110322083013-phpapp01
1) An ecosystem consists of a community of interacting organisms and their non-living environment. Energy flows through ecosystems in one direction via food chains and webs from producers to various consumers.
2) The transfer of energy between trophic levels is inefficient, with typically only 10% of energy being transferred to the next level. This results in pyramids of biomass and numbers that narrow with higher trophic levels.
3) Ecological efficiency describes the overall efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels, calculated as the product of various consumption, assimilation, and production efficiencies at each trophic level. However, it can be difficult to measure these values precisely in natural ecosystems.
Ecosystemsandenergyflow 111004211916-phpapp02
Here are the food chains I identified in this food web along with the trophic level of each organism:
Food chain 1:
Sun -> Grass (trophic level 1) -> Deer (trophic level 2) -> Wolf (trophic level 3)
Food chain 2:
Sun -> Grass -> Deer -> Eagle (trophic level 3)
Food chain 3:
Sun -> Grass -> Mouse (trophic level 2) -> Hawk (trophic level 3)
Food chain 4:
Sun -> Grass -> Grasshopper (trophic level 2) -> Bird (trophic level 3)
Food chain 5:
Sun -> Grass -> Mouse -> Hawk
Ecosystemenergyflowpart2 111005093440-phpapp01 (2)
The document discusses key concepts about energy flow in ecosystems including food chains, food webs, trophic levels, and energy pyramids. It defines producers as organisms that produce their own food (e.g. plants), consumers as organisms that consume other organisms, and decomposers as organisms that break down dead organic matter. The document provides examples of food chains and webs and explains how energy decreases at each trophic level and is lost as heat between levels in an energy pyramid.
Ecosystemenergyflowpart2 111005093440-phpapp01 (1)
The document discusses key concepts about energy flow in ecosystems including food chains, food webs, trophic levels, and energy pyramids. It defines producers as organisms that produce their own food (e.g. plants), consumers as organisms that consume other organisms, and decomposers as organisms that break down dead organic matter. The document provides examples of food chains and webs and explains how energy decreases at each trophic level and is lost as heat between levels in an energy pyramid.
Relationshipsinecosystems 101208130129-phpapp02
Organisms depend on one another through food chains and webs. Producers like plants generate food from sunlight. Decomposers break down dead matter. Consumers include herbivores that eat plants, carnivores that eat other animals, and omnivores that eat both. Food chains show how energy passes from organism to organism as each is consumed. Multiple overlapping food chains make up a food web. Predators hunt prey for food. Energy pyramids illustrate that less energy is available at higher trophic levels.
What is ecology 090901135227
The document discusses ecosystems, including definitions of ecology, ecosystems, biotic and abiotic factors. It addresses key ecosystem concepts like food chains, nutrient cycles, interactions between organisms, and different biomes. Students are asked to define ecosystems, categorize examples as biotic or abiotic, and describe a local ecosystem and interactions. The document provides material for learning about ecosystems and having students demonstrate their understanding through discussion and assignments.
Activities
This document provides instructions for an activity where students will observe and collect other plant-like living things found in the school grounds using magnifying lenses. Students will then answer questions about what they observed and collected, comparing and contrasting these organisms with what was studied in lower grades. Questions probe characteristics, habitats, needs for survival, similarities and differences between groups of organisms.
Ecosystemslesson2 biotic and abiotic
Ecosystems are formed through the interaction between biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors refer to living or once-living parts, while abiotic factors are non-living parts. Major abiotic factors that shape ecosystems include sunlight, water, air, and soil. Sunlight provides warmth, energy for photosynthesis, triggers seasons and daily activity patterns. Water is essential for all life and transports nutrients. Air supplies oxygen and carbon dioxide. Soil contains nutrients for plants to grow in and supports organisms living in the ground.
More from MaTerish Soliman (10)
Biopptonefficencyoftrophiclevels 110322083013-phpapp01
Biopptonefficencyoftrophiclevels 110322083013-phpapp01
Ecosystemenergyflowpart2 111005093440-phpapp01 (2)
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- 1. Chapter 18.2 Ecosystems and Populations Energy Flow Within Ecosystems GEE Science Summer Remediation Mr. Nash Donnie Bickham Middle School Room 204
- 2. Energy Flow Within Ecosystems Within each of the major ecosystems, there are many smaller ecosystems. Energy can be added, stored or transferred. The transfer of energy within an ecosystem is called energy flow. Pg. 314
- 3. Energy Flow Producers ↓ Primary Consumers ↓ Secondary Consumers ↓ Tertiary Consumers ↓ Decomposers Pg. 314
- 4. Producers Make their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Examples: Plants such as grasses Convert energy from the sun into stored energy to be used later by the plant or primary consumers that eat the plant. Pg. 314
- 5. Primary Consumers Also known as herbivores, or plant eating only. Examples Deer Pg. 314
- 6. Secondary Consumers Carnivores, or meat eaters, that eat the primary consumers. Pg. 314
- 7. Tertiary Consumers Larger carnivores that eat the secondary consumers. Also includes omnivores, eating both animal and plant, that eat secondary consumers and producers. Pg. 314
- 8. Decomposers When a consumer or producer dies, the decomposers take over. Decomposers break down organic material and use the decomposition products as a source of energy. Pg. 314
- 9. Energy Within Ecosystems Energy flows within an ecosystem in food chains with energy passing from producer to consumer to decomposer. The interaction of many food chains forms food webs. As energy is transferred from one organism to another, some of the energy is lost through heat and activity. Pg. 315
- 10. Energy Pyramid An energy pyramid is used to show how energy transfers and decreases as organisms go up the food chain. A trophic level is the position occupied by an organism in a food chain. Figure 18.5 on pg. 316 Pg. 315