The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia, contemporary to Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. It peaked around 2500 BCE along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan and parts of India. The civilization was highly advanced and urbanized, with many large cities. However, it declined around 1900 BCE, possibly due to changes in the monsoon patterns. The writing system of the Indus Valley Civilization remains undeciphered. The author proposes a theory that the civilization was destroyed by invading Pre-Dravidian groups from South India, and its people migrated and mixed with the local Pre-Dravidian population, eventually developing into the Dravidian culture.
The document provides an introduction to Hindu mythology, describing some of its key figures and concepts. It discusses the pre-Vedic age in India and how Hindu mythology evolved from Vedism. It then summarizes the roles of three major Hindu gods: Brahma as the creator, Vishnu as the preserver, and Shiva as the destroyer as part of the Trimurti. It provides brief descriptions of their depictions and significance in Hindu mythology.
The Indus River Valley civilization arose around 2600 BCE and was centered around the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. The cities had well-planned layouts with modern plumbing and drainage systems. Writing from this time has yet to be translated. The civilization faced challenges from unpredictable rivers and strong winds/monsoons. It declined around 1500 BCE, possibly due to natural disasters, overuse of land, or invaders.
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest urban civilizations that flourished between 2600-1900 BC along the Indus River valley in modern day Pakistan and northwest India. Archaeologists first discovered the buried cities and villages of the Indus valley in the 1920s, representing an undiscovered civilization. At its peak, the Indus Civilization included major urban centers and smaller towns with standardized designs, and integrated an extensive culture across the region for over 700 years.
The document provides information about Egyptian religion, including key gods and goddesses like Osiris, Isis, Horus, Re, and Set. It explains major religious practices such as mummification of the dead, which involved removing organs and preserving the body so the soul could use it after death. The Egyptians built pyramids and temples and made offerings to ensure souls could navigate to the afterlife. They also created guides like the Book of the Dead to aid the soul's journey. The document outlines these topics to teach students about Egyptian religious beliefs and rituals.
Ancient India consisted of Northern India located in the Himalayas and Northwest India located in the Hindu Kush mountains. The geography shaped how people lived - those near oceans and rivers relied on seafood while those in mountains developed textiles and water management techniques like walls and pipes. Ancient India experienced a Golden Age from 320-550 CE under the Gupta Empire, when the military provided security and people had access to healthcare, arts, and education. However, the Gupta Empire declined in the 6th century as governors grew powerful and new invaders like the Huns attacked. Ancient Indians made significant contributions to science, math, and medicine, including surgery, algebra, and trigonometry.
India is located in South Asia and has a diverse landscape that includes the Himalayan mountains and coastlines. It has a population of over 1.3 billion people and is home to many religions and languages. Some key facts about India include:
- It has 29 states and 7 union territories with Delhi as its capital.
- Major languages include Hindi, English, Bengali, Telugu, Marathi and Tamil.
- Hinduism is the dominant religion practiced by around 80% of the population.
- India has a rich cultural heritage that is expressed through traditions like festivals, cuisine, clothing, art, music and dance.
- It has made many scientific and mathematical contributions to the
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest urban civilizations that flourished between 3300-1300 BCE along the Indus River valley. Two major cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, were centers of this advanced civilization, which engaged in extensive trade, used wheeled vehicles and sea-faring craft, and developed a sophisticated system of weights, measures, and an as yet undeciphered writing system. The Indus Valley people practiced agriculture and domesticated crops like wheat and barley. Remains also provide evidence of well-developed arts and crafts.
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia, contemporary to Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. It peaked around 2500 BCE along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan and parts of India. The civilization was highly advanced and urbanized, with many large cities. However, it declined around 1900 BCE, possibly due to changes in the monsoon patterns. The writing system of the Indus Valley Civilization remains undeciphered. The author proposes a theory that the civilization was destroyed by invading Pre-Dravidian groups from South India, and its people migrated and mixed with the local Pre-Dravidian population, eventually developing into the Dravidian culture.
The document provides an introduction to Hindu mythology, describing some of its key figures and concepts. It discusses the pre-Vedic age in India and how Hindu mythology evolved from Vedism. It then summarizes the roles of three major Hindu gods: Brahma as the creator, Vishnu as the preserver, and Shiva as the destroyer as part of the Trimurti. It provides brief descriptions of their depictions and significance in Hindu mythology.
The Indus River Valley civilization arose around 2600 BCE and was centered around the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. The cities had well-planned layouts with modern plumbing and drainage systems. Writing from this time has yet to be translated. The civilization faced challenges from unpredictable rivers and strong winds/monsoons. It declined around 1500 BCE, possibly due to natural disasters, overuse of land, or invaders.
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest urban civilizations that flourished between 2600-1900 BC along the Indus River valley in modern day Pakistan and northwest India. Archaeologists first discovered the buried cities and villages of the Indus valley in the 1920s, representing an undiscovered civilization. At its peak, the Indus Civilization included major urban centers and smaller towns with standardized designs, and integrated an extensive culture across the region for over 700 years.
The document provides information about Egyptian religion, including key gods and goddesses like Osiris, Isis, Horus, Re, and Set. It explains major religious practices such as mummification of the dead, which involved removing organs and preserving the body so the soul could use it after death. The Egyptians built pyramids and temples and made offerings to ensure souls could navigate to the afterlife. They also created guides like the Book of the Dead to aid the soul's journey. The document outlines these topics to teach students about Egyptian religious beliefs and rituals.
Ancient India consisted of Northern India located in the Himalayas and Northwest India located in the Hindu Kush mountains. The geography shaped how people lived - those near oceans and rivers relied on seafood while those in mountains developed textiles and water management techniques like walls and pipes. Ancient India experienced a Golden Age from 320-550 CE under the Gupta Empire, when the military provided security and people had access to healthcare, arts, and education. However, the Gupta Empire declined in the 6th century as governors grew powerful and new invaders like the Huns attacked. Ancient Indians made significant contributions to science, math, and medicine, including surgery, algebra, and trigonometry.
India is located in South Asia and has a diverse landscape that includes the Himalayan mountains and coastlines. It has a population of over 1.3 billion people and is home to many religions and languages. Some key facts about India include:
- It has 29 states and 7 union territories with Delhi as its capital.
- Major languages include Hindi, English, Bengali, Telugu, Marathi and Tamil.
- Hinduism is the dominant religion practiced by around 80% of the population.
- India has a rich cultural heritage that is expressed through traditions like festivals, cuisine, clothing, art, music and dance.
- It has made many scientific and mathematical contributions to the
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest urban civilizations that flourished between 3300-1300 BCE along the Indus River valley. Two major cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, were centers of this advanced civilization, which engaged in extensive trade, used wheeled vehicles and sea-faring craft, and developed a sophisticated system of weights, measures, and an as yet undeciphered writing system. The Indus Valley people practiced agriculture and domesticated crops like wheat and barley. Remains also provide evidence of well-developed arts and crafts.
The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and is now in Pakistan.
The document provides historical information about India, including:
- India invented concepts like the number zero and place-value decimal system.
- Several important scientific and mathematical concepts, like gravity, calculus, and trigonometry, were developed in India centuries before being attributed to European scholars.
- Ancient India had advanced civilizations with universities, sciences, and arts that were influential globally.
- Over time, India came under rule of foreign invaders like the British, which impacted its economy and wealth.
The document provides information on epigraphy and ancient Indian scripts. It discusses that epigraphy is the study of inscriptions on objects like rocks, metals, bricks and more. It notes that early Indian coins and seals bore legends. Sanskrit and Prakrit were used in early inscriptions. The Indus script remains undeciphered. The document outlines scripts like Brahmi, Kharosthi, and Dravidian scripts. It provides evidence of writing from literary sources and discusses Asoka's edicts written in different scripts across his empire, highlighting examples from Girnar and pillar edicts.
Teesri Kasam Ke Shilpkar Class 10 X Hindi CBSE Revision NotesDronstudy.com
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides information about the Indus Valley Civilization, one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia. It flourished around 4000-1000 BCE along the Indus River valley. Key traits included the development of large urban settlements like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, advanced sanitation systems, and extensive trade networks connecting it to other regions. The civilization declined around 1900 BCE for currently unknown reasons, but its roots stretch back even earlier and influenced later cultures in the region.
This document discusses the history of bhakti movements in North and South India between the 7th-15th centuries. It covers major saints from both the Sagun and Nirgun traditions that spread devotion to deities like Shiva, Vishnu, Ram, and Krishna. It also mentions the influence of Sufism during this period and how saints like Kabir, Tulsidas, and Surdas composed influential works in local languages that crossed caste barriers and shaped popular religion. Overall, the bhakti movement promoted a more inclusive form of worship and enriched Indian literature.
During the 6th century BCE in India, there were significant religious developments and changes. Major religions like Buddhism and Jainism emerged, founded by Gautama Buddha and Mahavira Jina respectively. Various social, economic, and political factors contributed to conflicts of thought and the emergence of new ideas. Contemporary scholars and thinkers proposed different schools of thought like Samkhya, Charvak, and Ajivika to address the religious conditions of the time. Their attempts led to the establishment of many new religious sects and improvements to existing beliefs. This resulted in technological, artistic, architectural, and cultural advances, as well as political and economic changes across India.
Diwali is the Hindu festival of lights celebrated in India and around the world. It commemorates the return of King Rama to his kingdom of Ayodhya after defeating the demon king Ravana. Upon his return, the people lit lamps, set off fireworks, and celebrated. Today, Diwali involves the lighting of lamps, fireworks, exchanging of sweets, and celebrating with family. It is one of the biggest and most important festivals in Hinduism.
The document discusses the development of Hindu goddess worship in Gandhara during the Kushana Empire. It notes that Gandhara was an important center of Hinduism in Central Asia and was influenced by multiple cultures through trade and invasion. During the Kushana period in the 2nd-3rd century AD, many new iconographic representations of Hindu gods first appeared in Gandhara. The document examines archaeological evidence for the worship of various goddesses like Lakshmi, Durga, and Saraswati. It suggests that concepts like Durga assimilated attributes of the Near Eastern goddess Nana during this time. The Kushana period saw composite images of goddesses as religious syncretism increased in the
Contains basic knowledge about The Indus Valley Civilization, Mohen-Jo-Daro, Harappa, Art, Culture, Living, Sanitation, Proper Architecture. Hope you like it .
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished between 3300 BCE and 1300 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. The civilization was spread out along the Indus River valley, and two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, had populations of up to 40,000 people. The civilization developed new techniques in metallurgy and handicraft and had a sophisticated urban culture with standardized brick sizes, street grids, and sewage systems. While the writing of the Indus civilization remains undeciphered, excavations have revealed evidence of advanced engineering and infrastructure. The decline of the Indus Valley Civilization around 1900 BCE may have been caused by environmental changes like
Ancient India had several influential civilizations and empires. The Indus River Valley was home to the early Harappan civilization between 2500-1500 BC, which had large planned cities with water and sewage systems. Later, Indo-Aryan peoples migrated into northern India around 1750 BC, bringing their Vedic scriptures and Sanskrit language. Major religions that developed included Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Powerful empires like the Mauryan under Asoka and Gupta dynasty promoted trade and cultural growth across India between 300 BC-550 AD. Ancient Indian society had a caste system and advanced mathematics, medicine, and education.
India has a long and rich history and culture. It is home to over 1.3 billion people and has a diversity of languages, religions, and customs. Some of India's national symbols include the tiger, peacock, lotus flower, and the Ganges River. India has contributed greatly to fields like mathematics, science, and medicine. It was one of the earliest civilizations and developed concepts such as the decimal system. Today, India is the largest democracy in the world and continues to be a diverse and culturally significant country.
Helpful for those preparing for:
UPSC IAS
SSC/CGL
Other Government organisations Exams
Curious Minds who want to know about the Indus Valley or Harrapan civilisation
The Vedic period in Indian history lasted from 1500-500 BCE. During this time, the oldest Hindu scriptures known as the Vedas were composed. Society was organized into tribes who lived as nomadic herders and settlers in the region between Afghanistan and the Gangetic plains. Their religion and way of life are described in the Rig Veda. Education was conducted through the gurukul system, where students lived with their teacher away from cities. Learning focused on religious texts and skills like mathematics. Over time, more scriptures were composed and larger educational institutions emerged while the gurukul system remained.
Conservation Approaches, Attitude, Professional Ethics and Scope of Entrepren...Virag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
The document summarizes the history of the Pallava dynasty and their architecture in South India between 275-897 CE. It discusses the Pallava dynasty's rise after the downfall of the Satavahanas. It then covers the Pallava's use of Tamil and Sanskrit languages, their Hindu religion, and their development of unique architectural styles from the Mahendra to Aparajita periods. Key constructions included the Mandagapattu rock-cut temple, Kailasanatha Temple, Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram, and Vaikunta Perumal Temple.
This document provides an overview of the history and geography of ancient India. It discusses the origins and spread of Hinduism and Buddhism. Major empires that ruled India are described, including the Maurya Empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE, the Gupta Empire in the 4th century CE, and invasions by groups like the Huns that contributed to the decline of these empires. The document also summarizes the development of Indian civilization and its major religious and philosophical texts.
The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and is now in Pakistan.
The document provides historical information about India, including:
- India invented concepts like the number zero and place-value decimal system.
- Several important scientific and mathematical concepts, like gravity, calculus, and trigonometry, were developed in India centuries before being attributed to European scholars.
- Ancient India had advanced civilizations with universities, sciences, and arts that were influential globally.
- Over time, India came under rule of foreign invaders like the British, which impacted its economy and wealth.
The document provides information on epigraphy and ancient Indian scripts. It discusses that epigraphy is the study of inscriptions on objects like rocks, metals, bricks and more. It notes that early Indian coins and seals bore legends. Sanskrit and Prakrit were used in early inscriptions. The Indus script remains undeciphered. The document outlines scripts like Brahmi, Kharosthi, and Dravidian scripts. It provides evidence of writing from literary sources and discusses Asoka's edicts written in different scripts across his empire, highlighting examples from Girnar and pillar edicts.
Teesri Kasam Ke Shilpkar Class 10 X Hindi CBSE Revision NotesDronstudy.com
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides information about the Indus Valley Civilization, one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia. It flourished around 4000-1000 BCE along the Indus River valley. Key traits included the development of large urban settlements like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, advanced sanitation systems, and extensive trade networks connecting it to other regions. The civilization declined around 1900 BCE for currently unknown reasons, but its roots stretch back even earlier and influenced later cultures in the region.
This document discusses the history of bhakti movements in North and South India between the 7th-15th centuries. It covers major saints from both the Sagun and Nirgun traditions that spread devotion to deities like Shiva, Vishnu, Ram, and Krishna. It also mentions the influence of Sufism during this period and how saints like Kabir, Tulsidas, and Surdas composed influential works in local languages that crossed caste barriers and shaped popular religion. Overall, the bhakti movement promoted a more inclusive form of worship and enriched Indian literature.
During the 6th century BCE in India, there were significant religious developments and changes. Major religions like Buddhism and Jainism emerged, founded by Gautama Buddha and Mahavira Jina respectively. Various social, economic, and political factors contributed to conflicts of thought and the emergence of new ideas. Contemporary scholars and thinkers proposed different schools of thought like Samkhya, Charvak, and Ajivika to address the religious conditions of the time. Their attempts led to the establishment of many new religious sects and improvements to existing beliefs. This resulted in technological, artistic, architectural, and cultural advances, as well as political and economic changes across India.
Diwali is the Hindu festival of lights celebrated in India and around the world. It commemorates the return of King Rama to his kingdom of Ayodhya after defeating the demon king Ravana. Upon his return, the people lit lamps, set off fireworks, and celebrated. Today, Diwali involves the lighting of lamps, fireworks, exchanging of sweets, and celebrating with family. It is one of the biggest and most important festivals in Hinduism.
The document discusses the development of Hindu goddess worship in Gandhara during the Kushana Empire. It notes that Gandhara was an important center of Hinduism in Central Asia and was influenced by multiple cultures through trade and invasion. During the Kushana period in the 2nd-3rd century AD, many new iconographic representations of Hindu gods first appeared in Gandhara. The document examines archaeological evidence for the worship of various goddesses like Lakshmi, Durga, and Saraswati. It suggests that concepts like Durga assimilated attributes of the Near Eastern goddess Nana during this time. The Kushana period saw composite images of goddesses as religious syncretism increased in the
Contains basic knowledge about The Indus Valley Civilization, Mohen-Jo-Daro, Harappa, Art, Culture, Living, Sanitation, Proper Architecture. Hope you like it .
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished between 3300 BCE and 1300 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. The civilization was spread out along the Indus River valley, and two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, had populations of up to 40,000 people. The civilization developed new techniques in metallurgy and handicraft and had a sophisticated urban culture with standardized brick sizes, street grids, and sewage systems. While the writing of the Indus civilization remains undeciphered, excavations have revealed evidence of advanced engineering and infrastructure. The decline of the Indus Valley Civilization around 1900 BCE may have been caused by environmental changes like
Ancient India had several influential civilizations and empires. The Indus River Valley was home to the early Harappan civilization between 2500-1500 BC, which had large planned cities with water and sewage systems. Later, Indo-Aryan peoples migrated into northern India around 1750 BC, bringing their Vedic scriptures and Sanskrit language. Major religions that developed included Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Powerful empires like the Mauryan under Asoka and Gupta dynasty promoted trade and cultural growth across India between 300 BC-550 AD. Ancient Indian society had a caste system and advanced mathematics, medicine, and education.
India has a long and rich history and culture. It is home to over 1.3 billion people and has a diversity of languages, religions, and customs. Some of India's national symbols include the tiger, peacock, lotus flower, and the Ganges River. India has contributed greatly to fields like mathematics, science, and medicine. It was one of the earliest civilizations and developed concepts such as the decimal system. Today, India is the largest democracy in the world and continues to be a diverse and culturally significant country.
Helpful for those preparing for:
UPSC IAS
SSC/CGL
Other Government organisations Exams
Curious Minds who want to know about the Indus Valley or Harrapan civilisation
The Vedic period in Indian history lasted from 1500-500 BCE. During this time, the oldest Hindu scriptures known as the Vedas were composed. Society was organized into tribes who lived as nomadic herders and settlers in the region between Afghanistan and the Gangetic plains. Their religion and way of life are described in the Rig Veda. Education was conducted through the gurukul system, where students lived with their teacher away from cities. Learning focused on religious texts and skills like mathematics. Over time, more scriptures were composed and larger educational institutions emerged while the gurukul system remained.
Conservation Approaches, Attitude, Professional Ethics and Scope of Entrepren...Virag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
The document summarizes the history of the Pallava dynasty and their architecture in South India between 275-897 CE. It discusses the Pallava dynasty's rise after the downfall of the Satavahanas. It then covers the Pallava's use of Tamil and Sanskrit languages, their Hindu religion, and their development of unique architectural styles from the Mahendra to Aparajita periods. Key constructions included the Mandagapattu rock-cut temple, Kailasanatha Temple, Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram, and Vaikunta Perumal Temple.
This document provides an overview of the history and geography of ancient India. It discusses the origins and spread of Hinduism and Buddhism. Major empires that ruled India are described, including the Maurya Empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE, the Gupta Empire in the 4th century CE, and invasions by groups like the Huns that contributed to the decline of these empires. The document also summarizes the development of Indian civilization and its major religious and philosophical texts.
This document discusses different types of satellites and their positions. It provides information on previous knowledge, global geo-stationary satellites positions, and polar orbiting earth-observation satellites. The document was prepared by Shinu.V.Raj, HSA (S.S), E.V.H.S.S.Neduvathoor, P.K Ramachandran, Principal, Girls H.S Kottarakara and developed by Shinu .V .Raj, H.S.A Social Science, E.V.H.S.S .Neduvathoor.
The document discusses the rise of fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany. It describes the circumstances that allowed Mussolini and Hitler to rise to power, including economic destruction from World War 1, high inflation and unemployment. Both leaders capitalized on the peoples' frustrations by blaming minority groups and using aggressive paramilitary groups to intimidate opponents and seize control. Once in power, they established brutal dictatorships based on extreme nationalism, racism and militarism.
The document discusses various types of winds including planetary winds, periodic winds, and local winds. It provides details on factors influencing atmospheric pressure and wind speed and direction. Some key points summarized:
- Planetary winds include trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies which are formed between global pressure belts.
- Periodic winds include monsoon winds and land/sea breezes which occur for short periods in certain places. Monsoons are caused by seasonal pressure and temperature changes.
- Local winds arise from local pressure differences and include winds like loo, chinook, foehn and harmattan.
The document examines formation of pressure belts and influence of factors like altitude, temperature
This document discusses the Earth's movements and how they cause seasons. It explains that the Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours, causing day and night. It revolves around the sun once every 365 days. The tilt of the Earth's axis and its elliptical orbit cause variations in sunlight over the course of a year, resulting in seasons. The summer solstice occurs on June 21 when the North pole is most tilted toward the sun, causing the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. The winter solstice is on December 22 when the North pole is most tilted away from the sun, resulting in the longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. The document also discusses time zones,
Water is essential for life on Earth and exists in three states - liquid, solid (ice) and gas (water vapor). Yellowstone National Park has many geysers and hot springs formed due to underground volcanic activity. Various water conservation techniques like contour bunding, contour trenches, checkdams, terracing and mulching can prevent soil erosion and retain moisture in the soil. The Chenab Project in India involves construction of dams, barrages and hydropower stations. The document was prepared by Jeyanthy.R, a Health and Safety Assistant at GMMGHSS school in Palakkad, India.
India has adopted a mixed economy model with five-year plans to guide economic development since independence. The plans aim to accelerate growth and reduce poverty and unemployment through public investment in infrastructure and industry while allowing private sector participation. The latest plans have focused on making agriculture more productive, boosting manufacturing, and improving access to healthcare, education and skills training.
This document is about the blanket of the earth. It was prepared by Jeyanthy.R, a student of GMMGHSS in Palakkad, Kerala, India. The document discusses the different layers that make up the blanket or covering of the earth.
This document lists important locations from ancient Magadha in India to Thaneswar. It includes places like Magadha, Dhauli near Bhuvaneshwar, Vaisali, Thopara in Delhi, and Rupanath. The document was prepared by Jeyanthy.R, a student at GMMGHSS school in Palakkad, as part of their history studies.
The document appears to be a school assignment prepared by a student named Jeyanthy.R for their class H S A(SS) at GMMGHSS, a high school located in Palakkad, India. The document does not contain any other substantive information beyond the header.
10. ഹിമാലയൻ നിരകൾ
1.ഹിമാദി,ഹിമാചൽ,സിവാലിക് എനിവ ഉൾെപട േമഖല.
2.ഇവ സമാനരങളായി വടക കിഴക ദിശയിൽ കമാനാകതിയിൽ
കാണെപടന
3.2400 കി.മീ നീളം.
4.അഞ ലകം ചതരശ കി. മീ വിസതി.
5.ഉയരേമറിയ െകാടമടികൾ കാണെപടന.
6.വീതി:
കശീർ ഭാഗത് 400 കി.മീ.
അരണാചൽ പേദശ് ഭാഗത് 150 കി. മീ
11. ഹിമാലയൻ നിരകൾ
1.ഹിമാദി,ഹിമാചൽ,സിവാലിക് എനിവ ഉൾെപട േമഖല.
2.ഇവ സമാനരങളായി വടക കിഴക ദിശയിൽ കമാനാകതിയിൽ
കാണെപടന
3.2400 കി.മീ നീളം.
4.അഞ ലകം ചതരശ കി. മീ വിസതി.
5.ഉയരേമറിയ െകാടമടികൾ കാണെപടന.
6.വീതി:
കശീർ ഭാഗത് 400 കി.മീ.
അരണാചൽ പേദശ് ഭാഗത് 150 കി. മീ
12. ഹിമാദി
1.ഹിമാലയതിെന നെടല്.
2.ശരാശരി 6000 മീ ഉയരം.
3.എെപാഴം മഞമടി കാണെപടന.
4.അതിൈശതയതാൽ ജനവാസേയാഗയമല.
5.പധാന െകാടമടികൾ:
i.കാഞൻ ജംഗ.
ii.നംഗപർവതം.
6.ചരങൾ കാണെപടന.