The document discusses sitagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for treating type 2 diabetes. It describes how DPP-4 inhibition increases levels of active incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, improving glycemic control. Clinical trials showed sitagliptin is a potent, selective, and reversible DPP-4 inhibitor. It provides >80% inhibition of DPP-4 with once-daily dosing, increasing active incretin levels and insulin secretion while decreasing glucagon. Sitagliptin treatment was well-tolerated and improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
A 63-year-old man with a history of IHD, 1VD, HTN, hyperlipidemia, and an HbA1c of 8.2% is taking 26 units of insulin glargine daily. His LDL is 80 mg/dL and TG is 160 mg/dL. His BMI is 26. The document discusses treatment options with pioglitazone given his medical history and risk factors. Pioglitazone has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce cardiovascular events and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes when used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents. However, pioglitazone can cause side effects like edema,
This document discusses the melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon, which is approved for the treatment of insomnia. It summarizes ramelteon's mechanism of action as a highly selective agonist for melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, which are involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles. Clinical studies showed that ramelteon significantly reduced time to fall asleep and increased total sleep time compared to placebo, without next-day residual effects. In contrast, benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotics can cause dependence, abuse potential, and daytime sedation. Ramelteon has no serious adverse effects and no abuse potential even at high doses, making it preferable to other
Brand name : NAMENDA
US FDA Approval :October 2003
NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist
Indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s Disease
This document discusses sulfonylureas (SUs), in particular glimepiride and gliclazide, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It summarizes that SUs work by stimulating insulin secretion from beta cells, and that glimepiride and gliclazide differ in their binding sites and mechanisms. Studies show that gliclazide has lower risks of hypoglycemia and weight gain than glimepiride, prolongs insulin-free periods, reduces beta cell apoptosis, and may provide better cardiovascular protection. The document advocates for the rational, safe, and smart prescription of SUs like gliclazide.
Introduction:
@ Thyroid releases T3 & T4
@ The ratio of T4 to T3 is 5:1, so most of the hormone released is
thyroxine
@ Most of the T3 in the blood is derived from thyroxine
@ T3 is three to four times more potent than T4
@ The affinity of the receptor site for T3 is about ten times higher than that for T4
The document discusses the role of DPP-4 inhibition and sitagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes. It provides evidence that sitagliptin increases active GLP-1 and GIP levels, resulting in improved glycemic control through increased insulin secretion, decreased glucagon levels, and reduced glucose levels. Studies show sitagliptin to be an effective monotherapy and when added to other oral medications, with benefits seen within days and a generally well-tolerated safety profile compared to sulfonylureas.
The document discusses sitagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for treating type 2 diabetes. It describes how DPP-4 inhibition increases levels of active incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, improving glycemic control. Clinical trials showed sitagliptin is a potent, selective, and reversible DPP-4 inhibitor. It provides >80% inhibition of DPP-4 with once-daily dosing, increasing active incretin levels and insulin secretion while decreasing glucagon. Sitagliptin treatment was well-tolerated and improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
A 63-year-old man with a history of IHD, 1VD, HTN, hyperlipidemia, and an HbA1c of 8.2% is taking 26 units of insulin glargine daily. His LDL is 80 mg/dL and TG is 160 mg/dL. His BMI is 26. The document discusses treatment options with pioglitazone given his medical history and risk factors. Pioglitazone has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce cardiovascular events and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes when used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents. However, pioglitazone can cause side effects like edema,
This document discusses the melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon, which is approved for the treatment of insomnia. It summarizes ramelteon's mechanism of action as a highly selective agonist for melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, which are involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles. Clinical studies showed that ramelteon significantly reduced time to fall asleep and increased total sleep time compared to placebo, without next-day residual effects. In contrast, benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotics can cause dependence, abuse potential, and daytime sedation. Ramelteon has no serious adverse effects and no abuse potential even at high doses, making it preferable to other
Brand name : NAMENDA
US FDA Approval :October 2003
NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist
Indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s Disease
This document discusses sulfonylureas (SUs), in particular glimepiride and gliclazide, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It summarizes that SUs work by stimulating insulin secretion from beta cells, and that glimepiride and gliclazide differ in their binding sites and mechanisms. Studies show that gliclazide has lower risks of hypoglycemia and weight gain than glimepiride, prolongs insulin-free periods, reduces beta cell apoptosis, and may provide better cardiovascular protection. The document advocates for the rational, safe, and smart prescription of SUs like gliclazide.
Introduction:
@ Thyroid releases T3 & T4
@ The ratio of T4 to T3 is 5:1, so most of the hormone released is
thyroxine
@ Most of the T3 in the blood is derived from thyroxine
@ T3 is three to four times more potent than T4
@ The affinity of the receptor site for T3 is about ten times higher than that for T4
The document discusses the role of DPP-4 inhibition and sitagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes. It provides evidence that sitagliptin increases active GLP-1 and GIP levels, resulting in improved glycemic control through increased insulin secretion, decreased glucagon levels, and reduced glucose levels. Studies show sitagliptin to be an effective monotherapy and when added to other oral medications, with benefits seen within days and a generally well-tolerated safety profile compared to sulfonylureas.
tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity.pptxssuser1abbaa
Tirzepatide is a once-weekly injectable peptide that targets GIP and GLP-1 receptors for the treatment of obesity. This phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in adults with obesity or overweight without diabetes. It found that all three doses of tirzepatide (5mg, 10mg, and 15mg) led to clinically meaningful weight loss compared to placebo over 72 weeks. Weight loss exceeded 20% for those receiving the highest dose. The most common side effects were nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and constipation. However, treatment discontinuation due to adverse events was low.
Oral antidiabetics by Dr. Mushtaq Ahmed, Associate Professor, Pharmacology, P...Dr Mushtaq Ahmad Hakim
This document discusses diabetes mellitus and its classification and management. It begins with an overview of diabetes, noting that it is a metabolic disorder resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action. It then discusses the classification of diabetes into type 1, type 2, gestational, and other specific types. Statistics on the prevalence of diabetes globally and in India are provided. The pathophysiology and progression of type 2 diabetes is examined. Oral hypoglycemic agents and their mechanisms of action are outlined, including sulphonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. The roles of exercise, diet, and weight control in diabetes management are also summarized
This document discusses catecholamines and their roles in the sympathetic nervous system. It details the pathways of catecholamine synthesis from tyrosine to epinephrine. It describes catecholamine receptors, uptake and metabolism. It lists target organs and effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Adrenergic drugs used to stimulate or block catecholamine receptors are also outlined.
The document discusses Januet XR, a new extended-release formulation combining sitagliptin and metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Januet XR provides glycemic control through the complementary mechanisms of action of sitagliptin and metformin. Studies showed Januet XR has similar pharmacokinetic properties to immediate-release sitagliptin and provides effective reduction in blood sugar levels with once-daily dosing. Its extended-release formulation aims to improve adherence by reducing dosing frequency compared to the individual components.
Sitagliptin an oral anti-diabetic agentAmruta Vaidya
A concise presentation on the DPP-IV inhibitor Sitagliptin an oral anti-diabetic agent. Its general mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, safety is included.
Assignment of Omeprazole & ibuprofen.k. siamKamruzzaman Siam
1) The document discusses the stereochemistry and effects of the drugs omeprazole and ibuprofen. It provides details on the history, chemical structure, medical uses, and side effects of each drug.
2) Both omeprazole and ibuprofen can exist as different stereoisomers that have different biological effects. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to reduce stomach acid, while ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain and inflammation.
3) Possible side effects for both drugs include upset stomach, nausea, diarrhea, and increased risk of bleeding or heart issues if taken long term or in high doses. Patients should
Sitagliptin is an oral antidiabetic drug that works by inhibiting the enzyme DPP-4, preventing the breakdown of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP. This allows GLP-1 and GIP to increase insulin secretion and decrease glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, lowering blood glucose levels. Sitagliptin is used as monotherapy or in combination with other oral antidiabetics like metformin to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. It has fewer side effects like hypoglycemia and weight gain compared to other antidiabetic drugs. Dosage adjustments are recommended for patients with renal impairment based on their creatinine clearance.
This document discusses peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), including their types (α, β/δ, γ), mechanisms of action, roles, and clinical significance. PPARs regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and are involved in adipocyte differentiation, inflammatory responses, and cancer. PPAR agonists discussed include fibrates (PPARα), thiazolidinediones (PPARγ), and potential dual/pan agonists (PPARα/γ). Conditions treated include dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Newer selective PPAR modulators aim to reduce side effects of current drugs.
Recent advances in management of diabetesKush Bhagat
This document discusses advances in pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes. It describes several classes of oral and injectable drugs used to treat diabetes, including:
- Biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, DPP-4 inhibitors, TZDs, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and newer insulins for oral medications.
- GLP-1 agonists, amylin analogues for injectable medications.
It also discusses several potential future drug targets for type 2 diabetes treatment, including SGLT2 inhibitors, dual PPAR agonists, glucokinase activators, and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. The document focuses on enhancing insulin secretion
This document provides an overview of pharmacotherapy and recent advances in obesity management. It discusses the definition and classification of overweight and obesity, the physiology of feeding and energy expenditure, and various drug classes used for obesity treatment including orlistat, lorcaserin, bupropion, and others. It summarizes key clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy and safety of these drugs, alone or in combination with lifestyle modifications, for achieving clinically meaningful weight loss.
This Presentation Give You A brief Information About DPP4 And New Recommendations .This Presentation Guide You How To Treat Patients With Safety.
For Further Contact:03354999496
This document summarizes the key properties of 8 DPP-4 inhibitor drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes: alogliptin, anagliptin, gemigliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, teneligliptin, and vildagliptin. It provides details on their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties like bioavailability and half-life, FDA approval status, and evidence from clinical trials demonstrating their efficacy in reducing HbA1c levels and safety. The document concludes that DPP-4 inhibitors are a promising class of antidiabetic drugs that improve glycemic control without weight gain or hypogly
This document discusses histamine and antihistamine drugs. It begins by introducing histamine as a biogenic amine involved in inflammatory and hypersensitivity reactions. Histamine is synthesized from the amino acid histidine and stored in mast cells. It is involved in processes like gastric acid secretion and allergic responses. Antihistamines work by blocking the action of histamine at receptors. First generation antihistamines are more sedating while second generation ones have less side effects. Common antihistamines and their uses in conditions like allergies and vertigo are described. The document provides an overview of histamine function and the mechanisms of antihistamine drugs.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. GLP-1 levels are reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therapeutic strategies that augment the GLP-1 pathway include GLP-1 receptor agonists such as exenatide and liraglutide, as well as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors which prevent the breakdown of endogenous GLP-1. These incretin-based therapies lower blood glucose levels with a low risk of hypoglycemia and promote weight loss, offering an important treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes.
This document summarizes key information about the drug Empagliflozin. It belongs to the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor class, which works by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the kidney and increasing glucose excretion. The document outlines Empagliflozin's pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, dosage and administration, current status, and references. It provides an overview of Empagliflozin's mechanism of action, metabolism, excretion, drug interactions, efficacy, safety profile, and approved uses as monotherapy or add-on therapy for type 2 diabetes.
This document discusses various sympathomimetic drugs and their effects. It covers endogenous catecholamines like adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine. It then discusses direct sympathomimetics, including phenylephrine, midodrine, isoproterenol, and dobutamine. Sympathomimetics with mixed effects like ephedrine are also mentioned. Finally, it discusses direct sympathomimetics like amphetamines and drugs that inhibit catecholamine reuptake, as well as tyramine and its interaction with MAO inhibitors.
The document discusses corticosteroids, including their mechanism of action, types of synthetic corticosteroids, and their indications and side effects. It begins by explaining that the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids like aldosterone and glucocorticoids like cortisol. Synthetic corticosteroids work by penetrating cells, binding glucocorticoid receptors, and altering gene transcription. Common synthetic corticosteroids include hydrocortisone, prednisone, and dexamethasone, which are used to treat conditions like adrenal insufficiency, arthritis, allergies, and lung/skin diseases. However, they can cause side effects like edema, high blood pressure, infections,
Cognitive enhancers such as memantine may play a role in the treatment of dementia. Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist that can help moderate glutamate signaling and protect against excitotoxicity. Studies have shown memantine can improve cognition, function, and behavior in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease when used alone or in combination with cholinesterase inhibitors. Memantine has a good safety profile and may help delay nursing home placement when added to cholinesterase inhibitor treatment of Alzheimer's patients.
Glimepride is an oral anti-diabetic drug that is effective for treating type 2 diabetes through its unique dual mode of action. It improves insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and reduces insulin resistance in tissues. Studies show glimepride significantly lowers HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial glucose when used as monotherapy or in combination with other agents. It has a favorable safety profile with a lower risk of hypoglycemia and no weight gain compared to other sulfonylureas. Glimepride provides glycemic control throughout the day with convenient once daily dosing.
tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity.pptxssuser1abbaa
Tirzepatide is a once-weekly injectable peptide that targets GIP and GLP-1 receptors for the treatment of obesity. This phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in adults with obesity or overweight without diabetes. It found that all three doses of tirzepatide (5mg, 10mg, and 15mg) led to clinically meaningful weight loss compared to placebo over 72 weeks. Weight loss exceeded 20% for those receiving the highest dose. The most common side effects were nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and constipation. However, treatment discontinuation due to adverse events was low.
Oral antidiabetics by Dr. Mushtaq Ahmed, Associate Professor, Pharmacology, P...Dr Mushtaq Ahmad Hakim
This document discusses diabetes mellitus and its classification and management. It begins with an overview of diabetes, noting that it is a metabolic disorder resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action. It then discusses the classification of diabetes into type 1, type 2, gestational, and other specific types. Statistics on the prevalence of diabetes globally and in India are provided. The pathophysiology and progression of type 2 diabetes is examined. Oral hypoglycemic agents and their mechanisms of action are outlined, including sulphonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. The roles of exercise, diet, and weight control in diabetes management are also summarized
This document discusses catecholamines and their roles in the sympathetic nervous system. It details the pathways of catecholamine synthesis from tyrosine to epinephrine. It describes catecholamine receptors, uptake and metabolism. It lists target organs and effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Adrenergic drugs used to stimulate or block catecholamine receptors are also outlined.
The document discusses Januet XR, a new extended-release formulation combining sitagliptin and metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Januet XR provides glycemic control through the complementary mechanisms of action of sitagliptin and metformin. Studies showed Januet XR has similar pharmacokinetic properties to immediate-release sitagliptin and provides effective reduction in blood sugar levels with once-daily dosing. Its extended-release formulation aims to improve adherence by reducing dosing frequency compared to the individual components.
Sitagliptin an oral anti-diabetic agentAmruta Vaidya
A concise presentation on the DPP-IV inhibitor Sitagliptin an oral anti-diabetic agent. Its general mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, safety is included.
Assignment of Omeprazole & ibuprofen.k. siamKamruzzaman Siam
1) The document discusses the stereochemistry and effects of the drugs omeprazole and ibuprofen. It provides details on the history, chemical structure, medical uses, and side effects of each drug.
2) Both omeprazole and ibuprofen can exist as different stereoisomers that have different biological effects. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to reduce stomach acid, while ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain and inflammation.
3) Possible side effects for both drugs include upset stomach, nausea, diarrhea, and increased risk of bleeding or heart issues if taken long term or in high doses. Patients should
Sitagliptin is an oral antidiabetic drug that works by inhibiting the enzyme DPP-4, preventing the breakdown of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP. This allows GLP-1 and GIP to increase insulin secretion and decrease glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, lowering blood glucose levels. Sitagliptin is used as monotherapy or in combination with other oral antidiabetics like metformin to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. It has fewer side effects like hypoglycemia and weight gain compared to other antidiabetic drugs. Dosage adjustments are recommended for patients with renal impairment based on their creatinine clearance.
This document discusses peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), including their types (α, β/δ, γ), mechanisms of action, roles, and clinical significance. PPARs regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and are involved in adipocyte differentiation, inflammatory responses, and cancer. PPAR agonists discussed include fibrates (PPARα), thiazolidinediones (PPARγ), and potential dual/pan agonists (PPARα/γ). Conditions treated include dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Newer selective PPAR modulators aim to reduce side effects of current drugs.
Recent advances in management of diabetesKush Bhagat
This document discusses advances in pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes. It describes several classes of oral and injectable drugs used to treat diabetes, including:
- Biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, DPP-4 inhibitors, TZDs, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and newer insulins for oral medications.
- GLP-1 agonists, amylin analogues for injectable medications.
It also discusses several potential future drug targets for type 2 diabetes treatment, including SGLT2 inhibitors, dual PPAR agonists, glucokinase activators, and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. The document focuses on enhancing insulin secretion
This document provides an overview of pharmacotherapy and recent advances in obesity management. It discusses the definition and classification of overweight and obesity, the physiology of feeding and energy expenditure, and various drug classes used for obesity treatment including orlistat, lorcaserin, bupropion, and others. It summarizes key clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy and safety of these drugs, alone or in combination with lifestyle modifications, for achieving clinically meaningful weight loss.
This Presentation Give You A brief Information About DPP4 And New Recommendations .This Presentation Guide You How To Treat Patients With Safety.
For Further Contact:03354999496
This document summarizes the key properties of 8 DPP-4 inhibitor drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes: alogliptin, anagliptin, gemigliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, teneligliptin, and vildagliptin. It provides details on their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties like bioavailability and half-life, FDA approval status, and evidence from clinical trials demonstrating their efficacy in reducing HbA1c levels and safety. The document concludes that DPP-4 inhibitors are a promising class of antidiabetic drugs that improve glycemic control without weight gain or hypogly
This document discusses histamine and antihistamine drugs. It begins by introducing histamine as a biogenic amine involved in inflammatory and hypersensitivity reactions. Histamine is synthesized from the amino acid histidine and stored in mast cells. It is involved in processes like gastric acid secretion and allergic responses. Antihistamines work by blocking the action of histamine at receptors. First generation antihistamines are more sedating while second generation ones have less side effects. Common antihistamines and their uses in conditions like allergies and vertigo are described. The document provides an overview of histamine function and the mechanisms of antihistamine drugs.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. GLP-1 levels are reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therapeutic strategies that augment the GLP-1 pathway include GLP-1 receptor agonists such as exenatide and liraglutide, as well as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors which prevent the breakdown of endogenous GLP-1. These incretin-based therapies lower blood glucose levels with a low risk of hypoglycemia and promote weight loss, offering an important treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes.
This document summarizes key information about the drug Empagliflozin. It belongs to the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor class, which works by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the kidney and increasing glucose excretion. The document outlines Empagliflozin's pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, dosage and administration, current status, and references. It provides an overview of Empagliflozin's mechanism of action, metabolism, excretion, drug interactions, efficacy, safety profile, and approved uses as monotherapy or add-on therapy for type 2 diabetes.
This document discusses various sympathomimetic drugs and their effects. It covers endogenous catecholamines like adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine. It then discusses direct sympathomimetics, including phenylephrine, midodrine, isoproterenol, and dobutamine. Sympathomimetics with mixed effects like ephedrine are also mentioned. Finally, it discusses direct sympathomimetics like amphetamines and drugs that inhibit catecholamine reuptake, as well as tyramine and its interaction with MAO inhibitors.
The document discusses corticosteroids, including their mechanism of action, types of synthetic corticosteroids, and their indications and side effects. It begins by explaining that the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids like aldosterone and glucocorticoids like cortisol. Synthetic corticosteroids work by penetrating cells, binding glucocorticoid receptors, and altering gene transcription. Common synthetic corticosteroids include hydrocortisone, prednisone, and dexamethasone, which are used to treat conditions like adrenal insufficiency, arthritis, allergies, and lung/skin diseases. However, they can cause side effects like edema, high blood pressure, infections,
Cognitive enhancers such as memantine may play a role in the treatment of dementia. Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist that can help moderate glutamate signaling and protect against excitotoxicity. Studies have shown memantine can improve cognition, function, and behavior in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease when used alone or in combination with cholinesterase inhibitors. Memantine has a good safety profile and may help delay nursing home placement when added to cholinesterase inhibitor treatment of Alzheimer's patients.
Glimepride is an oral anti-diabetic drug that is effective for treating type 2 diabetes through its unique dual mode of action. It improves insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and reduces insulin resistance in tissues. Studies show glimepride significantly lowers HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial glucose when used as monotherapy or in combination with other agents. It has a favorable safety profile with a lower risk of hypoglycemia and no weight gain compared to other sulfonylureas. Glimepride provides glycemic control throughout the day with convenient once daily dosing.
Клинични изпитвания на пептиди (clinical trials of peptides)Aloha Bulgaria Ltd
В новом издании мы объединили все научно доказанные результаты применения пептидных биорегуляторов класса «Цитомаксы» (21 геропротектор) и «Цитогены» (6 геропротекторов). Данные исследования подтверждают, что пептиды натурального происхождения («Цитомаксы») гармонизируют обменные процессы в клетках человека. В долгосрочной перспективе - это ведет к уменьшению риска возникновения онкологических заболеваний, замедлению преждевременного старения и увеличению продолжительности жизни. В свою очередь, «Цитогены», синтезированные из природных аминокислот, оказывают более быстрый эффект, на первоначальном этапе запуская функцию восстановления внутренних органов. Физиологически активные короткие пептиды целесообразно применять в любом возрасте для поддержания нормального уровня обменных процессов, профилактики и лечения различных заболеваний, реабилитации после тяжелых заболеваний, травм, операций, замедления процессов старения в организме. Оба класса биорегуляторов Peptides не имеют побочных действий, так как содержат пептиды, являющиеся частью человеческого организма.
Описание некоторых наиболее известных ноотропов, материал с одной из встреч по ноотропам в РТД - Российском траснгуманистическом движении. Автор - Е. Резников
"Нарушения нутритивного статуса и возможности его коррекции у пациентов после...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
Нутриентный комплекс «Инженетикс» «ИнжениумЛаб» – это новейшая разработка, объединяющая современные знания молекулярной биологии эукариотической клетки, физиологии старения организма, а также инновационные
технологии современных производств субстанций из живых растительных клеток.
Главная задача этого продукта – оказывать ингибирующее (замедляющее) воздействие на процесс укорочения особенных субклеточных структур, название которых – ТЕЛОМЕРЫ.
"Теоретические и прикладные аспекты трофологии в клинической медицине" Луфт ...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
Cохранение молодости:1. Действует на целостность ДНК: теломераза: Астрагал, Расторопша.2. Действует на целостность белков: противостоит явлению гликации: Карнозин.3. Действует на гормональный дисбаланс в возрастных категориях: комплекс аминокислот.4. Действует на окисление: Центелла азиатская и другие активные вещества.
2. АДЕМЕТИОНИН
(S-Аденозил-L-метионин)
ДЕЙСТВУЮЩЕЕ ВЕЩЕСТВО
• аналог эндогенного вещества
• встречается во всех живых организмах
• распространен во всех тканях организма, где он участвует во многих
биологических реакциях (больше всего в местах его образования и
потребления – в печени и головном мозге)
3. Дефицит адеметионина
• АДЕМЕТИОНИН - ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНЫЙ КОМПОНЕТ МЕТАБОЛИЗМА ГЕПАТОЦИТА
• Адеметионин синтезируется в организме из метионина и аденозина при помощи
фермента адеметионинсинтетазы.
19.08.20153
Дефицит адеметионина играет ключевую роль в патогенезе заболеваний печени.
СНИЖЕНИЕ УРОВНЯ АДЕМЕТИОНИНА УСУГУБЛЯЕТ ПОРАЖЕНИЕ ПЕЧЕНИ, ЧТО ВЕДЕТ К
ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫМ ПРОЦЕССАМ , А В ДАЛЬНЕЙШЕМ К НЕОБРАТИМЫМ СТРУКТУРНЫМ И
ДИСТРОФИЧЕКСИМ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯМ В ПЕЧЕНИ. (Anstee Q. M. et al. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe)
therapy in liver disease: A review of current evidence and clinical utility. Journal of Hepatology 2012 vol.
57 | 1097–1109, Обзор имеющейся доказательной базы по механизму действия и клиническому
применению адеметионина)
ГЕПТРАЛ ВОСПОЛНЯЕТ ДЕФИЦИТ ЭНДОГЕННОГО АДЕМЕТИОНИНА И
СТИМУЛИРУЕТ ЕГО ВЫРАБОТКУ В ОРГАНИЗМЕ!
4. АДЕМЕТИОНИН
• Ежесуточно 8 г эндогенного адеметионина синтезируется в печени из аденозина (АТФ) и
метионина с участием фермента адеметионинсинтетазы
• При заболеваниях печени разрушается фермент адеметионинсинтетаза и , соответственно,
нарушается процесс синтеза адеметионина.
• Адеметионин-ключевой элемент функционирования гепатоцита.
• Недостаточно адеметионина- нарушается функционирование гепатоцита!
Гептрал восполняет дефицит эндогенного
адеметионина и стимулирует его выработку в
организме!
*Almasio P., Pagliaro L., Ann Med Int; 1993; 8: 52-5
5. Адеметионин
синтетаза
Аденозин Метионин
АДЕМЕТИОНИН
Биохимические реакции в гепатоците
СИНТЕЗ АДЕМЕТИОНИНА
Т.К.Корендясева, В.А.Волков и соавт., Аллостерический механизм переключения между паралельными потоками метаболизма
метионина в печени, Международн.конф. «Рецепция и внутриклеточная сигнализация», М., июнь, 2007
6. 3 Зачем нужен в организме Адеметионин?
Адеметионин
присутствует в каждой
живой клетке, где в
качестве донора
метильных групп (-CH3)
участвует в более чем
100 биохимических
реакций
Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76 (suppl):1151S–7S
1 100
реакций
>-CH3
7. Гептрал® (адеметионин) –
оригинальный гепатопротектор, состоящий, в основном, из
левовращающих изомеров
• Организм человека состоит в
основном из левовращающих
изомеров молекул*
• Молекула Гептрала содержит в
основном левовращающие изомеры
• Получение чистых левовращающих
изомеров вещества требует
специальной технологии
производства и высокого качества
исходного вещества, что
обуславливает премиальную цену
* Сланина 3.И., Теоретические аспекты явления изомерии в химии, М., «Мир», 1984
Хоффман Р. Такой одинаковый и разнообразный мир. М., «Мир», 2001
9. 6 Зачем нужен в организме Адеметионин?
Резюме:
Адеметионин участвует
в организме в 3-х важнейших
биохимических реакциях:
Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76 (suppl):1151S–7S
Трансметилирование
Аминопропилирование
Транссульфурирование
1
2
3
14. АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ
• Практически во всех случаях, независимо от причины болезни, общим
механизмом повреждения печени служит окислительный стресс - состояние,
при котором защитные антиоксидантные системы клетки не способны
противостоять образованию и накоплению в ней свободных радикалов
• Такие молекулы электрохимически нестабильны и «агрессивны». Они
«вырывают» электрон у других молекул, повреждают клеточные белки и
мембраны. Атакованная «пострадавшая» молекула, в свою очередь,
становится свободным радикалом.
Антиоксидант Свободный радикал «Здоровый» атом
15. ДЕТОКСИКАЦИОННЫЙ ЭФФЕКТ
•Синтез таурина играющего важную роль в детоксицирующей функции печени; таурин участвует в
процессе конъюгации желчных кислот
•- неконъюгированные желчные кислоты токсичны для клеток печени
•- они накапливаются при холестазе
19. ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЕПТРАЛА
• Таблетки покрытые кишечно-растворимой
оболочкой, содержащие 500 мг адеметионина
• Лиофилизат для приготовления раствора для
внутривенного и внутримышечного введения.
Флаконы, содержащие 500 мг адеметионина
раствор можно готовить только с
использованием прилагаемого растворителя –
L-лизина
20. Способ применения, дозы Гептрала
Внутрь, В/М или В/В капельно
При интенсивной терапии -
в первые 2-3 недели лечения назначают 500 мг – 1200 мг/сут
в/в (очень медленно) или в/м); порошок растворяют только в
специально прилагаемом растворителе (раствор L-лизина)
Для поддерживающей терапии -
– внутрь 500-1500 мг/сут между приемами пищи. Таблетки
следует проглатывать целиком, не разжевывая; желательно
принимать их в первой половине дня. Длительность
поддерживающей терапии в среднем 2-4 недели
21. ГЕПТРАЛ: ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА
ЭФФЕКТ ГЕПТРАЛ
АНТИДЕПРЕССИВНЫЙ
Часто пациенты с заболеваниями печени имеют сниженное настроение,
признаки депрессии. Только Гептрал имеет антидепрессивные эффект! Это
позволит быстро устранить признаки депрессии у пациента, улучшить его
настроения и приверженность лечению. Пациент быстро начинает
чувствовать себя лучше!
УЛУЧШЕНИЕ САМОЧУВСТВИЯ
Самый быстрый эффект из всех гепатопротекторов ! В течение 7 дней
улучшение самочувствия и в течение 15 дней улучшение биохимических
показателей ( нормализация печеночных ферментов ).
ЭФФЕКТИВНОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ
РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ
ПЕЧЕНИ
При заболеваниях печени различной этиологии. За счет патогенетического
действия –адеметионина.
ПРОФИЛАКТИКА
ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ
ГЕПАТОТОКСИЧНОСТИ
Может применятся у пациентов, которые вынуждены применять большое
количество лек. препаратов. Например, при химиотерапии. Гептрал защитит
печень от вредного воздействия.
СИНДРОМ ОТМЕНЫ
Нет синдрома отмены. Эффект сохраняется от 3-6 месяцев в зависимости от
заболевания.
Экономия средств пациента
За счет самого быстрого эффекта- самый короткий курс лечения ! Эффект
наступает ужу через 15 дней. В то время , как другие препараты необходимо
применять длительно(отт 3-6 месяцев)