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© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Loma Campana Artificial Lift
Overview
November 2, 2022
2
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
• Chevron Argentina
unconventional portfolio
• Loma Campana
Production History
• AL Playbook
• Well Life Cycle
• Challenges, lessons
learned, and next steps
• Pumping Units
• Rod Lock
• Pump design
Loma Campana AL Overview
Discussion Topics
• Loma Campana AL selection depends mainly on GOR
– GOR<1700 scf/stb: Sucker Rod Pump
– 1700<GOR<5600: Gas Lift
– GOR>5600: Plunger Lift
• Longer lateral and aggressive draw down brought new AL
Challenges for SRP
– ESP non economic for short period of time.
– 192 inches pumpjack seemed too short for long length horizontal wells
– Hydraulic pumping units offer the most flexible choice for 6 wells PAD
• Challenges to AL Selection and Optimization
– High decline rates
– Frac interferences
– Flamping Wells
Key Messages
3
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Chevron Argentina unconventional portfolio
4
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Loma Campana – Current
development
Loma Campana East – main development area
Loma Campana development
highlights:
§ Discovery well - 2010 by YPF.
§ Initially developed thru vertical
wells. (+ poor results first hz).
§ CVX entered JV dec 2013.
§ Shift to hz wells started 2Q 2015
in the EAST (best performance).
4Q 2015 last verticals.
§ 1500 m (4900ft) lateral length
standard shifted to 2500 m
(8200ft) in 2018.
5
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Loma Campana overview – Field
production activity
Total Field Production by well type [boepd]
Horizontal wells represent
22% of total well count but
contribute with 82% of total
field production Total Prod ~ 50.0MBOED
Oil ~ 41.0MBOPD
Gas ~ 54.0MMSCFD
Average lateral length per year [m]
Std lat length
2022 = 2500m
2023 = 3400m
6
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Loma Campana Fluid Properties
Loma Campana Oil:
– API: 40 to 45
– GOR: 550 to 20000
scf/stb
– Viscosity: 0.3 to 0.8 cP
– Paraffin: 5% to 20%
7
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Loma Campana Artificial Lift Overview
South West
GOR>5600
Centre
5600>GOR>1700
West
20000>GOR>5600
East
GOR<1700
Bombeo Mecánico
Plunger Lift
Surgente Casing
Surgente Tubing
q - Casing Flowing Wells: 71
q - Tubing Flowing Wells: 75
q - SRP: 213
q - Plunger Lift: 281
q - Gas Lift: 11
q - Horizontal Wells: 245
q - Vertical Wells: 408
8
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Full Field Development
q 480 SRP
q 250 Gas Lift
q 110 Plunger Lift
9
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Well Evolution
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
BHP
(psi)
qo
(bpd)
Months
Qo BHP (PSI)
Casing Flowing Tubing Flowing SRP
10
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Plug set with
Slick Line
Well Evolution
Production engineers: Federico Fernández Biscay, Guadalupe Moll, Ignacio Cuneo
Casing Flowing
(1200 – 600 bpd
8 -12 months)
5” Casing
Arrow Set Packer
Shear Out
(Set with Wire Line)
Anchor
(9000ft)
Perforated
Niple
1 ¼” tbg for
gas
separation
Shear Out
open
Tubing Flowing
(600 – 250 bpd
4 – 6 months)
SRP
(250 – 3 bpd)
z
11
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Opex. Failure Related Costs
Failure Rate:
2019: 0.54
2022: 0.29
Pulling (kusd/Job) 57
Materials (kusd/Job) 14
SubTotal (kusd/well/year) 38
Sucker Rod Pump Gas Lift
Slick Line kusd/yr 4.5
Maintenance kusd/yr 5
• Challenges to improve FR were:
• Avoid hot oil for gas locked pumps by the use of long stroke
untits, anti gas lock pumps and variable slippage or
perforated barrel pumps.
• Corrosion resistant rod design: UHS => API D => Alpha CS?
• 2 7/8” tbg instead of 2 3/8” to avoid the use of 7/8” Slim hole
couplings.
• Gas Lift pilot started March 2019
• Main Challenges include
• Higher WHP than expected due to production
pipe constraint
• Liquid after gas Lift pipe pigging
• Operations lack of experiance
12
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Challenges, Lessons Learned, Next Steps
q Challenges
ØGas Lock
ØFlamping Wells (SRP problems as Gas Lock after natural flowing)
ØHigh Production Rate in 5” Casing with long stroke SRP or ESP
ØFlow Assurance without Heated Tracing
q Lessons Learned
ØDouble seat pump or sand packer for lower pulling costs
ØCorrosion resistant rod design
ØRod Lock for Frac Interferences
ØAntilock Pump Design
qNext Steps for SRP
ØImprove Run Life (Chemical treatment for Corrosion, paraffin, and Scale)
ØIncrease SRP Production Rate
ØNew surface equipment for unexpected frac interferences
13
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Increase Production Rate
Until May 2020
1500 m (4900ft) lateral length wells, ALS for 35 cmpd (220 bpd):
Ø640-912 Units
ØAPID rods (4142)
Ø20-150-RWABC-24-5 pumps
Ø2 7/8”- 2 3/8” tbg
ØGas separator
From June 2020
2500 m (8200ft) lateral length wells, ALS for 70 cmpd (440 bpd):
Ø912 Pumpjacks, RF950 Rotaflex or 336 BHA
ØAlpha Rod HS or Norris 97
Ø25-175-RWABC-36-5 or 25-200-RWABC-24-5 pumps
Ø2 7/8” tbg
ØGas Separator, Anti gas lock travelling valve, Variable Slippage Pump
14
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Need of Long Stroke Units
40
15
35
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2019 Tbg flowing => SRP 2020 Tbg flowing => SRP
Lateral Length Change
1500 m (4900ft) lateral length wells
2500 m (8200ft) lateral length wells, ALS for 70 cmpd (440 bpd)
15
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Frac Interference Early Design
Double Ram BOP For SRP 10 Kpsi - Rod Lock
Production Engineer: Fernando Villagra
10K ROD LOCK
3K Compac-T
16
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Frac Interference Design
Double +Simple Ram BOP For SRP 10 Kpsi -
Rod Lock
17
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Frac Interference Design
Rod Lock Evolution
18
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Rotaflex 288
q Installed at 32 feet from a pumpjack and 64 feet from the other Rotaflex leaving
it retrieved before running ALS.
19
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Hydraulic Pumping Units
Advantages:
q half a day for installation vs 2 days for Mark II Pumpjack
q pulling Jobs are possible in a well between two HPUs installed at 32 feet
Disadvantages:
qenergy consumption without counterbalance
20
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Hydraulic Pumping Units
Models used:
qSerinpet 30-220 (stuffing box and winds needed)
qCamlift 40-192 (stuffing box needed, no winds)
qCamlift 30-144 (stuffing box needed, no winds)
qKudu 40-336 (no stuffing box, no winds)
21
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Anti gas lock travelling valve
qNew design: corrosion and sand proof.
Advantages:
Ø No gas separator needed
Ø Above 750psi backpressure improving pump performance with low fluid level,
without AG was not possible because travelling valve would keep closed.
Disadvantage:
ØNot successful in some Wells because of longer space between valves.
22
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Variable Slippage Pumps
Options
ØHarbison Fischer (Appergy): standard
section + gradual i.d. tapered section,
full brass, slotted plunger can be
used.
ØPecom: standard brass barrel +
conical Steel barrel, no slotted
plunger allowed.
ØWeatherford “triple barrel”: standard
barrel + 2 feet recirculation extension,
no slotted plunger allowed.
23
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Perforated Barrel Pump
Production Engineers: Luciano Bossotto, Gregorio Raslawsky, Gonzalo Pérez Cometo. Production leader: Guillermo Vega. Vendor Specialist: Rubén Quintana
Advantages:
-Slotted plunger.
-Perforations can be made in different
distances for each well.
-Success clue after Steel Barrels corrosion
Disadvantages:
-Fluid circulation between tbg and pump.
Testing:
640-305-168 Mark II
Pumpjack
30-220 Hydraulic pumping
unit
24
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Perforated Barrel Pump
Production Engineers: Luciano Bossotto, Gregorio Raslawsky, Gonzalo Pérez Cometo. Production leader: Guillermo Vega. Vendor Specialist: Rubén Quintana
640-305-168 Mark II Pumpjack
25
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Perforated Barrel Pump
Production Engineers: Luciano Bossotto, Gregorio Raslawsky, Gonzalo Pérez Cometo. Production leader: Guillermo Vega. Vendor Specialist: Rubén Quintana
1,6 feet over-
displacement
1 foot from first
to sixth
perforation
Bottom
dead
center
9 feet
effective
displacement
vs
11,6 feet
26
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Perforated Barrel Pump
Production Engineers: Matías Urio, Rosmary Duran
Carta de Fondo
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
0
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
-4000
3000
27
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Perforated Barrel Pump
Production Engineers: Matías Urio, Rosmary Duran
28
© 2018 Chevron Corporation
Questions

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SRP EVOLUTION FOR VACA MUERTA'S LOW GAS/OIL RATIO WELLS

  • 1. © 2018 Chevron Corporation Loma Campana Artificial Lift Overview November 2, 2022
  • 2. 2 © 2018 Chevron Corporation • Chevron Argentina unconventional portfolio • Loma Campana Production History • AL Playbook • Well Life Cycle • Challenges, lessons learned, and next steps • Pumping Units • Rod Lock • Pump design Loma Campana AL Overview Discussion Topics • Loma Campana AL selection depends mainly on GOR – GOR<1700 scf/stb: Sucker Rod Pump – 1700<GOR<5600: Gas Lift – GOR>5600: Plunger Lift • Longer lateral and aggressive draw down brought new AL Challenges for SRP – ESP non economic for short period of time. – 192 inches pumpjack seemed too short for long length horizontal wells – Hydraulic pumping units offer the most flexible choice for 6 wells PAD • Challenges to AL Selection and Optimization – High decline rates – Frac interferences – Flamping Wells Key Messages
  • 3. 3 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Chevron Argentina unconventional portfolio
  • 4. 4 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Loma Campana – Current development Loma Campana East – main development area Loma Campana development highlights: § Discovery well - 2010 by YPF. § Initially developed thru vertical wells. (+ poor results first hz). § CVX entered JV dec 2013. § Shift to hz wells started 2Q 2015 in the EAST (best performance). 4Q 2015 last verticals. § 1500 m (4900ft) lateral length standard shifted to 2500 m (8200ft) in 2018.
  • 5. 5 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Loma Campana overview – Field production activity Total Field Production by well type [boepd] Horizontal wells represent 22% of total well count but contribute with 82% of total field production Total Prod ~ 50.0MBOED Oil ~ 41.0MBOPD Gas ~ 54.0MMSCFD Average lateral length per year [m] Std lat length 2022 = 2500m 2023 = 3400m
  • 6. 6 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Loma Campana Fluid Properties Loma Campana Oil: – API: 40 to 45 – GOR: 550 to 20000 scf/stb – Viscosity: 0.3 to 0.8 cP – Paraffin: 5% to 20%
  • 7. 7 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Loma Campana Artificial Lift Overview South West GOR>5600 Centre 5600>GOR>1700 West 20000>GOR>5600 East GOR<1700 Bombeo Mecánico Plunger Lift Surgente Casing Surgente Tubing q - Casing Flowing Wells: 71 q - Tubing Flowing Wells: 75 q - SRP: 213 q - Plunger Lift: 281 q - Gas Lift: 11 q - Horizontal Wells: 245 q - Vertical Wells: 408
  • 8. 8 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Full Field Development q 480 SRP q 250 Gas Lift q 110 Plunger Lift
  • 9. 9 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Well Evolution - 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 - 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 BHP (psi) qo (bpd) Months Qo BHP (PSI) Casing Flowing Tubing Flowing SRP
  • 10. 10 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Plug set with Slick Line Well Evolution Production engineers: Federico Fernández Biscay, Guadalupe Moll, Ignacio Cuneo Casing Flowing (1200 – 600 bpd 8 -12 months) 5” Casing Arrow Set Packer Shear Out (Set with Wire Line) Anchor (9000ft) Perforated Niple 1 ¼” tbg for gas separation Shear Out open Tubing Flowing (600 – 250 bpd 4 – 6 months) SRP (250 – 3 bpd) z
  • 11. 11 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Opex. Failure Related Costs Failure Rate: 2019: 0.54 2022: 0.29 Pulling (kusd/Job) 57 Materials (kusd/Job) 14 SubTotal (kusd/well/year) 38 Sucker Rod Pump Gas Lift Slick Line kusd/yr 4.5 Maintenance kusd/yr 5 • Challenges to improve FR were: • Avoid hot oil for gas locked pumps by the use of long stroke untits, anti gas lock pumps and variable slippage or perforated barrel pumps. • Corrosion resistant rod design: UHS => API D => Alpha CS? • 2 7/8” tbg instead of 2 3/8” to avoid the use of 7/8” Slim hole couplings. • Gas Lift pilot started March 2019 • Main Challenges include • Higher WHP than expected due to production pipe constraint • Liquid after gas Lift pipe pigging • Operations lack of experiance
  • 12. 12 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Challenges, Lessons Learned, Next Steps q Challenges ØGas Lock ØFlamping Wells (SRP problems as Gas Lock after natural flowing) ØHigh Production Rate in 5” Casing with long stroke SRP or ESP ØFlow Assurance without Heated Tracing q Lessons Learned ØDouble seat pump or sand packer for lower pulling costs ØCorrosion resistant rod design ØRod Lock for Frac Interferences ØAntilock Pump Design qNext Steps for SRP ØImprove Run Life (Chemical treatment for Corrosion, paraffin, and Scale) ØIncrease SRP Production Rate ØNew surface equipment for unexpected frac interferences
  • 13. 13 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Increase Production Rate Until May 2020 1500 m (4900ft) lateral length wells, ALS for 35 cmpd (220 bpd): Ø640-912 Units ØAPID rods (4142) Ø20-150-RWABC-24-5 pumps Ø2 7/8”- 2 3/8” tbg ØGas separator From June 2020 2500 m (8200ft) lateral length wells, ALS for 70 cmpd (440 bpd): Ø912 Pumpjacks, RF950 Rotaflex or 336 BHA ØAlpha Rod HS or Norris 97 Ø25-175-RWABC-36-5 or 25-200-RWABC-24-5 pumps Ø2 7/8” tbg ØGas Separator, Anti gas lock travelling valve, Variable Slippage Pump
  • 14. 14 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Need of Long Stroke Units 40 15 35 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2019 Tbg flowing => SRP 2020 Tbg flowing => SRP Lateral Length Change 1500 m (4900ft) lateral length wells 2500 m (8200ft) lateral length wells, ALS for 70 cmpd (440 bpd)
  • 15. 15 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Frac Interference Early Design Double Ram BOP For SRP 10 Kpsi - Rod Lock Production Engineer: Fernando Villagra 10K ROD LOCK 3K Compac-T
  • 16. 16 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Frac Interference Design Double +Simple Ram BOP For SRP 10 Kpsi - Rod Lock
  • 17. 17 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Frac Interference Design Rod Lock Evolution
  • 18. 18 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Rotaflex 288 q Installed at 32 feet from a pumpjack and 64 feet from the other Rotaflex leaving it retrieved before running ALS.
  • 19. 19 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Hydraulic Pumping Units Advantages: q half a day for installation vs 2 days for Mark II Pumpjack q pulling Jobs are possible in a well between two HPUs installed at 32 feet Disadvantages: qenergy consumption without counterbalance
  • 20. 20 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Hydraulic Pumping Units Models used: qSerinpet 30-220 (stuffing box and winds needed) qCamlift 40-192 (stuffing box needed, no winds) qCamlift 30-144 (stuffing box needed, no winds) qKudu 40-336 (no stuffing box, no winds)
  • 21. 21 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Anti gas lock travelling valve qNew design: corrosion and sand proof. Advantages: Ø No gas separator needed Ø Above 750psi backpressure improving pump performance with low fluid level, without AG was not possible because travelling valve would keep closed. Disadvantage: ØNot successful in some Wells because of longer space between valves.
  • 22. 22 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Variable Slippage Pumps Options ØHarbison Fischer (Appergy): standard section + gradual i.d. tapered section, full brass, slotted plunger can be used. ØPecom: standard brass barrel + conical Steel barrel, no slotted plunger allowed. ØWeatherford “triple barrel”: standard barrel + 2 feet recirculation extension, no slotted plunger allowed.
  • 23. 23 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Perforated Barrel Pump Production Engineers: Luciano Bossotto, Gregorio Raslawsky, Gonzalo Pérez Cometo. Production leader: Guillermo Vega. Vendor Specialist: Rubén Quintana Advantages: -Slotted plunger. -Perforations can be made in different distances for each well. -Success clue after Steel Barrels corrosion Disadvantages: -Fluid circulation between tbg and pump. Testing: 640-305-168 Mark II Pumpjack 30-220 Hydraulic pumping unit
  • 24. 24 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Perforated Barrel Pump Production Engineers: Luciano Bossotto, Gregorio Raslawsky, Gonzalo Pérez Cometo. Production leader: Guillermo Vega. Vendor Specialist: Rubén Quintana 640-305-168 Mark II Pumpjack
  • 25. 25 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Perforated Barrel Pump Production Engineers: Luciano Bossotto, Gregorio Raslawsky, Gonzalo Pérez Cometo. Production leader: Guillermo Vega. Vendor Specialist: Rubén Quintana 1,6 feet over- displacement 1 foot from first to sixth perforation Bottom dead center 9 feet effective displacement vs 11,6 feet
  • 26. 26 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Perforated Barrel Pump Production Engineers: Matías Urio, Rosmary Duran Carta de Fondo 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 -4000 3000
  • 27. 27 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Perforated Barrel Pump Production Engineers: Matías Urio, Rosmary Duran
  • 28. 28 © 2018 Chevron Corporation Questions