Ranganathan suggested that information is created in three steps (each in a separate location or plane). An initial idea occurs in someone’s mind (the idea plane); then it is described or discussed in words (the verbal plane); and finally it is written down (the notation plane).
Canons of cataloguing are the specific normative principles applicable to cataloguing that is Drafting a catalogue code including the formulation of each rule. Interpretation of the rules to meet new situation brought out by a particular document or by the change in the practice of book production
Postulate Approach to Library Classification
Normative Principles
Three Planes of Work
Modes of Formation of Subjects
Systems Approach to the Study of Subjects
Depth Classification
Classification in Electronic Environment
Classificatory basis for metadata
Knowledge Organization
Canons of cataloguing are the specific normative principles applicable to cataloguing that is Drafting a catalogue code including the formulation of each rule. Interpretation of the rules to meet new situation brought out by a particular document or by the change in the practice of book production
Postulate Approach to Library Classification
Normative Principles
Three Planes of Work
Modes of Formation of Subjects
Systems Approach to the Study of Subjects
Depth Classification
Classification in Electronic Environment
Classificatory basis for metadata
Knowledge Organization
An introductory presentation on the concept of Library Classification by Dr. Keshava, Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, INDIA.
Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules AACR2 to acquire an international adaptability.Cataloging & Classification.AACR1 and AACR2.AACR1 Anglo-American Cataloging Rules. North American text. Chicago: American Library Association, 1967.
AACR1, Chap. 12 Anglo-American Cataloging Rules. North American text. Chapter 12. Chicago: American Library
Association,
1975.
AACR2 Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules. 2nd ed. Chicago: American Library Association, 1
Features of the Dewey Decimal Classification. 16. Decimal ... The UDC is peculiar in the sense that it consists of a combination of both enumerative and analytical scheme.
This PPT contain details of Z39.50 and useful for Library Science students. This protocol used for information retrieval and in the end list of different types of protocols are given.
when new subject come into existence ,we have to give a place among already existing subject. this ppt will help to how can we assign a place to particular subject.it will helpful for all the students whom are pursuing their master in library science ans information management
Classified Catalogue Code ,Classified catalogue code (CCC), S.R. Ranganathan, Information system, OPAC, Database management system (DBMS) card catalogue and online catalogue, and emphasises on the need of developing computer-based library information systems and services. It describes database technology, kinds of databases, database management system, computerised library information system, and management information system. It coven in detail the database design and compatibility of cataloguing codes for developing databases of computer-based library information systems.
Library automation refers to the implementation of information and communications technologies (ICT) in the libraries and information centres for replacing manual library operations. The term automation is used for any process which is done through input and output operation. Library automation system includes maintenance of large bibliographical database. The status of library automation depends on Interaction between human and computer to accomplish various tasks of the library automation systems. In order to provide and also to enable the records in the database. The international standards for bibliographic description of library automation system uses sophisticated software tools and standard to index search and display information from the database created.
An introductory presentation on the concept of Library Classification by Dr. Keshava, Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, INDIA.
Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules AACR2 to acquire an international adaptability.Cataloging & Classification.AACR1 and AACR2.AACR1 Anglo-American Cataloging Rules. North American text. Chicago: American Library Association, 1967.
AACR1, Chap. 12 Anglo-American Cataloging Rules. North American text. Chapter 12. Chicago: American Library
Association,
1975.
AACR2 Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules. 2nd ed. Chicago: American Library Association, 1
Features of the Dewey Decimal Classification. 16. Decimal ... The UDC is peculiar in the sense that it consists of a combination of both enumerative and analytical scheme.
This PPT contain details of Z39.50 and useful for Library Science students. This protocol used for information retrieval and in the end list of different types of protocols are given.
when new subject come into existence ,we have to give a place among already existing subject. this ppt will help to how can we assign a place to particular subject.it will helpful for all the students whom are pursuing their master in library science ans information management
Classified Catalogue Code ,Classified catalogue code (CCC), S.R. Ranganathan, Information system, OPAC, Database management system (DBMS) card catalogue and online catalogue, and emphasises on the need of developing computer-based library information systems and services. It describes database technology, kinds of databases, database management system, computerised library information system, and management information system. It coven in detail the database design and compatibility of cataloguing codes for developing databases of computer-based library information systems.
Library automation refers to the implementation of information and communications technologies (ICT) in the libraries and information centres for replacing manual library operations. The term automation is used for any process which is done through input and output operation. Library automation system includes maintenance of large bibliographical database. The status of library automation depends on Interaction between human and computer to accomplish various tasks of the library automation systems. In order to provide and also to enable the records in the database. The international standards for bibliographic description of library automation system uses sophisticated software tools and standard to index search and display information from the database created.
literature review: a critical analysis and synthesis of existing researchAvucaldz87
A literature review is a critical analysis and synthesis of existing research and scholarly articles, books, and other sources related to a particular topic or research question. It is an essential component of academic writing, particularly in research papers, theses, and dissertations. The purpose of a literature review is to provide an overview, summary, and evaluation of the existing literature on a specific subject, highlighting gaps, controversies, and areas that require further investigation.
Here are key elements and purposes of a literature review:
Survey of Existing Literature:
A literature review involves systematically searching and reviewing the existing body of literature relevant to the chosen topic. This includes academic articles, books, conference papers, and other scholarly sources.
Identification of Key Themes and Trends:
The review aims to identify and analyze key themes, trends, and patterns within the literature. It helps researchers understand the current state of knowledge on the topic and how different studies contribute to the overall understanding.
Evaluation of Methodologies and Approaches:
Researchers assess the methodologies and approaches used in previous studies. This evaluation helps in understanding the strengths and limitations of different research methods and informs the researcher's own methodology.
Identification of Gaps and Contradictions:
A literature review reveals gaps, controversies, or contradictions in existing research. This identification helps researchers position their own work within the broader academic context and contributes to the rationale for their study.
Synthesis and Integration:
The literature review involves synthesizing information from various sources, providing a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge on the topic. It may involve categorizing studies, comparing findings, and presenting a coherent narrative.
Framework for Research Design:
The literature review guides the development of a research design by informing the choice of research questions, hypotheses, and methodologies. It helps researchers build on existing knowledge and design studies that address gaps or expand upon previous research.
Citation of Relevant Works:
Throughout the literature review, researchers cite relevant works to give credit to previous researchers and provide evidence to support their arguments and statements.
Establishing Credibility and Expertise:
By demonstrating a thorough understanding of the existing literature, researchers establish their credibility and expertise in the chosen field. This is crucial for gaining the trust of the academic community and readers.
A well-executed literature review is not just a summary of past research; it is a critical analysis that contributes to the development of new knowledge and understanding within a specific academic discipline or field of study.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
1. PLANES OF WORK
LIS02: KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION:
CLASSIFICATION AND ONTOLOGY
Presented by
Nijwm Basumatary M2015MLIS009
Nishant Kashyap Ghatowar M2015MLIS010
Thang Sign Paumungmang Simte M2015MLIS015
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Idea Plane
• Importance of Ideal Plane
• Verbal Plane
• Verbal Planes : Problems and Solutions
• Notational Plane
• Advantages of Separation of planes of work
• Interrelationship of the three planes
• Practical Classification
• Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION
● The development of the three planes of work
came up when their arose a separation of the
work in the classification.
● The three planes of works are assigned their own
roles.
● The three planes of work are the
(1) Ideal plane
(2) Verbal Plane
(3) Notational Plane.
4. IDEAL PLANE
● Ideas comes from mind and mind in Sanskrit means “ to think
“. As such Ideas come when their is self-communication with
the mind.
● Ranganathan and Gopinath (1967) said, “The destiny of any
idea created by one mind is the minds of the others.”
● An idea is just a thought but when it fuses with mind it gets
modified.
● Ideas are transferred through the medium of language.
5. DEFINITION
● Ideas in general term is basically thought or collection
of thoughts that generate in the mind.
● The development of idea don't have a specific root.
● Ideas are sometimes developed intentionally, but can
also be created unintentionally.
● Ideas are formed through judgement, discussions .
● An idea is an impression or notion that tries to
portray the overarching scope or outline.
6. IMPORTANCE OF IDEAL PLANE
Some of the importance of the Ideal Plane are as follows:-
1. Ability to arrange new concepts/subjects in chain for some
unknown isolates/classes.
2. Controls the work in the notational plane and the verbal plane.
3. Recognises and determines the numbers of emerging and unknown
subjects and places it in order among the already existing subjects.
7. IMPORTANCE OF IDEAL PLANE
4. Ideal Plane is pre-eminent it does not manifest itself directly.
5. Analyses and atomises unlimited ideas.
6. Identifies data entities about which attribute data are to be
collected for use.
7. It is the theoretic basis for the foundation of knowledge
organisation and the classification system.
8. Determines the purpose and structure of the classification system.
8. VERBAL PLANE: AN INTRODUCTION
● Verbal plane is the 2nd step in any
classification process
● Its work is to express ideas in words or
terms
●It is naming of ideas in order to facilitates
communication
●It is individualisation of thought-content.
9. VERBAL PLANE: ITS TERMINOLOGY
● Berwick Sayer's canons considered
terminology as classification expressed in
class names or terms
● S.R Ranganathan defined terminology as
the system of terms used to name classes
or ranked isolates in a scheme of
classification
● Terms should be unambiguous, technical,
popular, distinctive and consistent
10. VERBAL PLANE: PROBLEMS
● Vagueness in meaning of ordinary words-
change of tones and gestures
● Homonyms- two words having the same
term but different meanings
● Synonyms- two words having different
terms but same meaning
11. VERBAL PLANE : SOLUTIONS
● Dr. Ranganathan's 4 canons of
terminology:
● -canon of context-chain
● -canon of enumeration-lower link
● -canon of currency-popular or alive
● -canon of reticence-reserve
12. NOTATIONAL- DEFINITION
Finally, about notation, Ranganathan and Gopinath
(1967) said, “[W]ords are often replaced by symbols
pregnant with precise meaning. [O]rdinal numbers
are [often] used as helpful symbols. A distinctive
contribution of the discipline of classification, as
found and as being cultivated in the field of Library
Science, is the Notational Plane. Uniqueness of the
idea represented by an ordinal number and the total
absence of homonyms and synonyms are the
distinctive features of the notational plane, when
compared with the verbal plane.”
13. FEATURES OF NOTATIONAL PLANE
• Words are replaced by symbols.
• These symbols have precise meanings.
• This artificial language of ordinal digits are helpful
in arranging documents and resources.
• In classificatory language, an idea is represented
by an ordinal digit(s). There are no homonyms and
synonyms.
• Notational plane is a plane of numbers, where
concepts are represented by numbers.
• The main concern at the notational plane is to
develop a set of ordinal digits and the rules for their
usage.
14. ADVANTAGES OF SEPARATION OF
WORK
• The role of each plane is well defined.
• Conscious separation of work in the three
planes allows for the fuller development of
these planes.
15. PRACTICAL CLASSIFICATION
Eight steps have been suggested by Ranganathan to
carry out the translation of name of a subject into
artificial language of ordinal digits. These are the
steps prescribed for practical classification. These
have been separated according to the three planes,
as given below:
Idea plane: Step 0 Raw: Step 1 Expressive title; Step
2 Title in kernal terms; Step 3 Analyzed title Step 4
Transformed title
Verbal plane: Step 5 Title in standard terms
Notational plane: Step 6 Title in focal numbers; Step 7
Class number
16. INTERRELATIONSHIP OF THREE PLANES OF WORK
Idea Plane = Class (Generation
of Groups)
Verbal Plane = Subjects
(Assigning Names)
Notational Plane = Class Number
(Assigning Numbers to Class of Subjects)
The relation between three planes can be given as:
Class = Subject = Class Number
17. CONCLUSION
● The effectiveness of any classification
schemes depends upon the level of
unison among the three planes.
● The chances of classifying the universe of
knowledge is limitless when the three
planes are exploited at their optimal level.
18.
19. REFERENCES
• Ranganathan, S. R. & Gopinath, M. A. (1967). Prolegomena to Library
Classification (Vol. 1) (Third Edition). Bombay, India; Asia Publishing
House.
• PROCESS OF DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION IN DIFFERENT
PLANES OF WORK. (n.d.). Retrieved September 29, 2015, from
http://pramod.singh.tripod.com/classification.planes.htm
• Associates.ucr.edu,. 'Column - Exner'. N.p., 2015. Web. 29 Sept.
2015.
• Ranganathan, S. R. & Gopinath, M. A. (1967). Prolegomena to Library
Classification (Vol. 1) (Third Edition). Bombay, India; Asia Publishing
House.
• Hussain, S. (1993). Library classification, facets and analysis.
McGraw-Hill.
• PROCESS OF DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION IN DIFFERENT
PLANES OF WORK. (n.d.). Retrieved September 29, 2015, from
http://pramod.singh.tripod.com/classification.planes.htm
• Ranganathan, S. (1951). Philosophy of Library Classification. Indian
Library Association.
• Taylor, M. S. (1939). Handbook of Classification and Cataloging.
George Allen Unwin.
