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SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science)
Dr.LILLY GEORGE
Head of the Department,
Department of Statistics,
St. Joseph’s College,
Trichy.
Introduction: What is SPSS?
 Originally it is an acronym of Statistical Package for
the Social Science but now it stands for Statistical
Product and Service Solutions
 One of the most popular statistical packages which
can perform highly complex data manipulation and
analysis with simple instructions
The default window will have the data editor
There are two sheets in the window:
1. Data view 2. Variable view
Opening SPSS
Scales of Measurement
•Nominal Scale - groups or classes
Gender
•Ordinal Scale - order matters
Ranks (top ten videos)
•Interval Scale - difference or distance matters – has
arbitrary zero value.
Temperatures (0F, 0C), Likert Scale
•Ratio Scale - Ratio matters – has a natural zero value.
Salaries
Frequencies
This analysis produces frequency tables showing
frequency counts and percentages of the values of
individual variables.
Descriptives
This analysis shows the maximum, minimum,
mean, and standard deviation of the variables
Linear regression analysis
Linear Regression estimates the coefficients of
the linear equation
The basic analysis of SPSS that will be introduced
in this class
Frequencies
Click ‘Analyze,’ ‘Descriptive statistics,’ then
click ‘Frequencies’
Descriptives
The options allows you to analyze other
descriptive statistics besides the mean and Std.
Click ‘variance’ and ‘kurtosis’
Finally click ‘Continue’
Click
Click
Descriptives
Finally Click OK in the Descriptives box. You
will be able to see the result of the analysis.
Click ‘Graphs,’ ‘Legacy Dialogs,’ ‘Interactive,’ and
‘Scatter plot’ from the main menu.
Graphs
Bar Chart
GENDER
Male
Female
Missing
Mean
EQ1
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
GENDER
Male
Female
Missing
Percent
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Pie Chart
Male
Female
Missing
EQ5
EQ4
EQ3
EQ2
EQ1
Line Chart
GENDER
Male
Female
Missing
Percent
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
GENDER
Male
Female
Missing
Mean
EQ1
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
Histogram
Histogram
Really just a bar chart that displays “Num of Cases” only
Click “Display Normal Curve” to inspect if your distribution
deviates from normal
EQ1
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
300
200
100
0
Std. Dev = .86
Mean = 4.3
N = 614.00
Regression Analysis
Click ‘Analyze,’ ‘Regression,’ then
click ‘Linear’ from the main menu.
Regression Analysis
One-Sample t Test
Tests for difference between sample mean and pre-determined
population mean
Click “Analyze”  “Compare Means”  “One- Sample T
Test…”
“Test Value” = Predetermined population mean
Options:
Exclude Cases Listwise = If multiple variables used, only use
cases that have values on ALL variables
Exclude Cases Analysis by Analysis
One-Sample T Test
One-Sample Statistics
613 2.83 1.026 .041
EQ2
N Mean Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
One-Sample Test
68.368 612 .000 2.83 2.75 2.91
EQ2
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Test Value = 0
Independent-Samples t Test
Tests if two unrelated samples differ significantly from one another
Click “Analyze”  “Compare Means”  “Independent-Samples T
Test…”
“Test Variable(s)” = DV
“Grouping Variable” = IV
Click “Define Groups…”
MergeFile1.sav – Male = 1; Female = 0
If IV dimensional, can use cut point to create groups – i.e. x > 7 =
Grp 1, x ≤ 7 = Grp 2
Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances
If significant, equal variances cannot be assumed
Independent-Samples t Test
Group Statistics
326 4.30 .769 .043
286 4.21 .962 .057
GENDER
Female
Male
EQ1
N Mean Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
Independent Samples Test
5.118 .024 1.203 610 .230 .08 .070 -.053 .222
1.185 543.961 .236 .08 .071 -.055 .224
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
EQ1
F Sig.
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
t-test for Equality of Means
Paired-Samples t Test
Tests if two related samples differ significantly from one another
Click “Analyze”  “Compare Means”  “Paired-Samples T Test…”
Paired Samples Statistics
4.26 613 .860 .035
2.83 613 1.026 .041
EQ1
EQ2
Pair
1
Mean N Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
Paired Samples Correlations
613 .016 .684
EQ1 & EQ2
Pair 1
N Correlation Sig.
PairedSamples Test
1.43 1.327 .054 1.32 1.53 26.657 612 .000
EQ1 - EQ2
Pair 1
Mean Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Mean Lower Upper
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Paired Differences
t df Sig. (2-tailed)
THANK YOU

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SPSS.ppt

  • 1. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) Dr.LILLY GEORGE Head of the Department, Department of Statistics, St. Joseph’s College, Trichy.
  • 2. Introduction: What is SPSS?  Originally it is an acronym of Statistical Package for the Social Science but now it stands for Statistical Product and Service Solutions  One of the most popular statistical packages which can perform highly complex data manipulation and analysis with simple instructions
  • 3. The default window will have the data editor There are two sheets in the window: 1. Data view 2. Variable view Opening SPSS
  • 4. Scales of Measurement •Nominal Scale - groups or classes Gender •Ordinal Scale - order matters Ranks (top ten videos) •Interval Scale - difference or distance matters – has arbitrary zero value. Temperatures (0F, 0C), Likert Scale •Ratio Scale - Ratio matters – has a natural zero value. Salaries
  • 5. Frequencies This analysis produces frequency tables showing frequency counts and percentages of the values of individual variables. Descriptives This analysis shows the maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation of the variables Linear regression analysis Linear Regression estimates the coefficients of the linear equation The basic analysis of SPSS that will be introduced in this class
  • 6. Frequencies Click ‘Analyze,’ ‘Descriptive statistics,’ then click ‘Frequencies’
  • 7.
  • 8. Descriptives The options allows you to analyze other descriptive statistics besides the mean and Std. Click ‘variance’ and ‘kurtosis’ Finally click ‘Continue’ Click Click
  • 9. Descriptives Finally Click OK in the Descriptives box. You will be able to see the result of the analysis.
  • 10. Click ‘Graphs,’ ‘Legacy Dialogs,’ ‘Interactive,’ and ‘Scatter plot’ from the main menu. Graphs
  • 11.
  • 15. Histogram Histogram Really just a bar chart that displays “Num of Cases” only Click “Display Normal Curve” to inspect if your distribution deviates from normal EQ1 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 300 200 100 0 Std. Dev = .86 Mean = 4.3 N = 614.00
  • 16. Regression Analysis Click ‘Analyze,’ ‘Regression,’ then click ‘Linear’ from the main menu.
  • 18. One-Sample t Test Tests for difference between sample mean and pre-determined population mean Click “Analyze”  “Compare Means”  “One- Sample T Test…” “Test Value” = Predetermined population mean Options: Exclude Cases Listwise = If multiple variables used, only use cases that have values on ALL variables Exclude Cases Analysis by Analysis
  • 19. One-Sample T Test One-Sample Statistics 613 2.83 1.026 .041 EQ2 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean One-Sample Test 68.368 612 .000 2.83 2.75 2.91 EQ2 t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Test Value = 0
  • 20. Independent-Samples t Test Tests if two unrelated samples differ significantly from one another Click “Analyze”  “Compare Means”  “Independent-Samples T Test…” “Test Variable(s)” = DV “Grouping Variable” = IV Click “Define Groups…” MergeFile1.sav – Male = 1; Female = 0 If IV dimensional, can use cut point to create groups – i.e. x > 7 = Grp 1, x ≤ 7 = Grp 2 Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances If significant, equal variances cannot be assumed
  • 21. Independent-Samples t Test Group Statistics 326 4.30 .769 .043 286 4.21 .962 .057 GENDER Female Male EQ1 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Independent Samples Test 5.118 .024 1.203 610 .230 .08 .070 -.053 .222 1.185 543.961 .236 .08 .071 -.055 .224 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed EQ1 F Sig. Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference t-test for Equality of Means
  • 22. Paired-Samples t Test Tests if two related samples differ significantly from one another Click “Analyze”  “Compare Means”  “Paired-Samples T Test…” Paired Samples Statistics 4.26 613 .860 .035 2.83 613 1.026 .041 EQ1 EQ2 Pair 1 Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Paired Samples Correlations 613 .016 .684 EQ1 & EQ2 Pair 1 N Correlation Sig. PairedSamples Test 1.43 1.327 .054 1.32 1.53 26.657 612 .000 EQ1 - EQ2 Pair 1 Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Lower Upper 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-tailed)